bruh vsync griefs my laptop

TODO

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ scaling
     field could be best solution so redrawing stuff isn't needed & you can specify both as user
 
 WidgetRef<W> or smth instead of Id
-    fyi this is not the same as what was just implemented
     enum that's either an Id or an actual concrete instance of W
     painter takes them in instead of (or in addition to) id
     then type wrapper widgets to contain them

core/Cargo.toml

@@ -10,4 +10,3 @@ bytemuck ={ workspace = true }
 image = { workspace = true }
 cosmic-text = { workspace = true }
 fxhash = { workspace = true }
-

core/src/attr.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+use crate::{HasUi, StateLike, WidgetIdFn, WidgetLike, WidgetRef};
+
+pub trait WidgetAttr<State, W: ?Sized> {
+    type Input;
+    fn run(state: &mut State, id: WidgetRef<W>, input: Self::Input);
+}
+
+pub trait Attrable<State, W: ?Sized, Tag> {
+    fn attr<A: WidgetAttr<State, W>>(self, input: A::Input) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State, W>;
+}
+
+impl<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, WL: WidgetLike<State, Tag>, Tag>
+    Attrable<State, WL::Widget, Tag> for WL
+{
+    fn attr<A: WidgetAttr<State, WL::Widget>>(
+        self,
+        input: A::Input,
+    ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State, WL::Widget> {
+        |state| {
+            let id = self.add(state);
+            A::run(state, id, input);
+            id
+        }
+    }
+}

core/src/event/ctx.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+use crate::{HasEvents, HasState, HasUi, StateLike, Ui, Widget, WidgetRef};
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+
+pub struct EventCtx<'a, State, Data> {
+    pub state: &'a mut State,
+    pub data: &'a mut Data,
+}
+
+pub struct EventIdCtx<'a, State, Data, W: ?Sized> {
+    pub widget: WidgetRef<W>,
+    pub state: &'a mut State,
+    pub data: &'a mut Data,
+}
+
+impl<State: HasUi, Data, W: ?Sized> Deref for EventIdCtx<'_, State, Data, W> {
+    type Target = State;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        self.state
+    }
+}
+
+impl<State: HasUi, Data, W: ?Sized> DerefMut for EventIdCtx<'_, State, Data, W> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        self.state
+    }
+}
+
+impl<State: HasUi, Data, W: Widget> EventIdCtx<'_, State, Data, W> {
+    pub fn widget(&mut self) -> &mut W {
+        &mut self.state.get_mut()[self.widget]
+    }
+}
+
+impl<State: HasUi, Data, W: Widget> HasUi for EventIdCtx<'_, State, Data, W> {
+    fn get(&self) -> &Ui {
+        self.state.ui()
+    }
+
+    fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Ui {
+        self.state.ui_mut()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<State: HasUi, Data, W: Widget> HasState for EventIdCtx<'_, State, Data, W> {
+    type State = State;
+}
+
+impl<State: HasEvents<State = State>, Data, W: Widget> HasEvents
+    for EventIdCtx<'_, State, Data, W>
+{
+    fn get(&self) -> &super::EventManager<Self::State> {
+        self.state.events()
+    }
+
+    fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut super::EventManager<Self::State> {
+        self.state.events_mut()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<State, Data, W: Widget> StateLike<State> for EventIdCtx<'_, State, Data, W> {
+    fn as_state(&mut self) -> &mut State {
+        self.state
+    }
+}
+
+// fn test() {
+//     use crate::*;
+//     struct ClientRsc;
+//     impl<State, Data> HasUi for EventCtx<'_, State, Data> {
+//         fn get(&self) -> &Ui {
+//             todo!()
+//         }
+//
+//         fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Ui {
+//             todo!()
+//         }
+//     }
+//     fn on(_: impl for<'a> EventFn<ClientRsc, &'a mut i32>) {}
+//
+//     pub trait WidgetLike<State: HasUi, Tag>: Sized {
+//         type Widget: Widget + ?Sized + std::marker::Unsize<dyn Widget>;
+//
+//         fn add(self, state: &mut State) -> WidgetHandle<Self::Widget>;
+//
+//         fn with_id<W2>(
+//             self,
+//             f: impl FnOnce(&mut State, WidgetHandle<Self::Widget>) -> WidgetHandle<W2>,
+//         ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State, W2> {
+//             move |state| {
+//                 let id = self.add(state);
+//                 f(state, id)
+//             }
+//         }
+//
+//         fn set_root(self, state: &mut State) {
+//             state.get_mut().root = Some(self.add(state));
+//         }
+//
+//         fn handles(self, state: &mut State) -> WidgetHandles<Self::Widget> {
+//             self.add(state).handles()
+//         }
+//     }
+//
+//     pub struct WidgetTag;
+//     impl<State: HasUi, W: Widget> WidgetLike<State, WidgetTag> for W {
+//         type Widget = W;
+//         fn add(self, state: &mut State) -> WidgetHandle<W> {
+//             state.get_mut().add_widget(self)
+//         }
+//     }
+//
+//     on(move |ctx| {
+//         ().add(ctx);
+//     });
+// }

core/src/event/manager.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+use crate::{
+    ActiveData, Event, EventCtx, EventFn, EventIdCtx, EventLike, IdLike, LayerId, Widget,
+    WidgetData, WidgetEventFn, WidgetId, WidgetRef,
+    util::{HashMap, TypeMap},
+};
+use std::{any::TypeId, rc::Rc};
+
+pub struct EventManager<State> {
+    types: TypeMap<dyn EventManagerLike<State>>,
+}
+
+impl<State> Default for EventManager<State> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            types: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<State: 'static> EventManager<State> {
+    pub fn get_type<E: EventLike>(&mut self) -> &mut TypeEventManager<State, E::Event> {
+        self.types.type_or_default()
+    }
+
+    pub fn register<W: Widget + ?Sized, E: EventLike>(
+        &mut self,
+        id: WidgetRef<W>,
+        event: E,
+        f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<State, <E::Event as Event>::Data<'a>, W>,
+    ) {
+        self.get_type::<E>().register(id, event, f);
+    }
+
+    pub fn type_key<E: EventLike>() -> TypeId {
+        TypeId::of::<TypeEventManager<State, E::Event>>()
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait EventsLike {
+    fn remove(&mut self, id: WidgetId);
+    fn draw(&mut self, data: &WidgetData, active: &ActiveData);
+    fn undraw(&mut self, data: &WidgetData, active: &ActiveData);
+}
+
+impl<State: 'static> EventsLike for EventManager<State> {
+    fn remove(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
+        for m in self.types.values_mut() {
+            m.remove(id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn draw(&mut self, data: &WidgetData, active: &ActiveData) {
+        for t in &data.event_mgrs {
+            self.types.get_mut(t).unwrap().draw(active);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn undraw(&mut self, data: &WidgetData, active: &ActiveData) {
+        for t in &data.event_mgrs {
+            self.types.get_mut(t).unwrap().undraw(active);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait EventManagerLike<State> {
+    fn remove(&mut self, id: WidgetId);
+    fn draw(&mut self, data: &ActiveData);
+    fn undraw(&mut self, data: &ActiveData);
+}
+
+type EventData<State, E> = (E, Rc<dyn for<'a> EventFn<State, <E as Event>::Data<'a>>>);
+pub struct TypeEventManager<State, E: Event> {
+    // TODO: reduce visiblity!!
+    pub active: HashMap<LayerId, HashMap<WidgetId, E::State>>,
+    map: HashMap<WidgetId, Vec<EventData<State, E>>>,
+}
+
+impl<State, E: Event> EventManagerLike<State> for TypeEventManager<State, E> {
+    fn remove(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
+        self.map.remove(&id);
+        for layer in self.active.values_mut() {
+            layer.remove(&id);
+        }
+    }
+    fn draw(&mut self, data: &ActiveData) {
+        self.active
+            .entry(data.layer)
+            .or_default()
+            .entry(data.id)
+            .or_default();
+    }
+    fn undraw(&mut self, data: &ActiveData) {
+        if let Some(layer) = self.active.get_mut(&data.layer) {
+            layer.remove(&data.id);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<State, E: Event> Default for TypeEventManager<State, E> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            active: Default::default(),
+            map: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<State: 'static, E: Event> TypeEventManager<State, E> {
+    fn register<W: Widget + ?Sized>(
+        &mut self,
+        widget: WidgetRef<W>,
+        event: impl EventLike<Event = E>,
+        f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<State, E::Data<'a>, W>,
+    ) {
+        let event = event.into_event();
+        self.map.entry(widget.id()).or_default().push((
+            event,
+            Rc::new(move |ctx| {
+                let mut test = EventIdCtx {
+                    widget,
+                    state: ctx.state,
+                    data: ctx.data,
+                };
+                f(&mut test);
+            }),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    pub fn run_fn<'a>(
+        &mut self,
+        id: impl IdLike,
+    ) -> impl for<'b> FnOnce(EventCtx<'_, State, E::Data<'b>>) + 'a {
+        let fs = self.map.get(&id.id()).cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+        move |ctx| {
+            for (e, f) in fs {
+                if e.should_run(ctx.data) {
+                    f(&mut EventCtx {
+                        state: ctx.state,
+                        data: ctx.data,
+                    })
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

core/src/event/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+mod ctx;
+mod manager;
+mod rsc;
+
+pub use ctx::*;
+pub use manager::*;
+pub use rsc::*;
+
+pub trait Event: Sized + 'static + Clone {
+    type Data<'a> = ();
+    type State: Default = ();
+    #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    fn should_run(&self, data: &mut Self::Data<'_>) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait EventLike {
+    type Event: Event;
+    fn into_event(self) -> Self::Event;
+}
+
+impl<E: Event> EventLike for E {
+    type Event = Self;
+
+    fn into_event(self) -> Self::Event {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait EventFn<State, Data>: Fn(&mut EventCtx<State, Data>) + 'static {}
+impl<State, F: Fn(&mut EventCtx<State, Data>) + 'static, Data> EventFn<State, Data> for F {}
+
+pub trait WidgetEventFn<State, Data, W: ?Sized>:
+    Fn(&mut EventIdCtx<State, Data, W>) + 'static
+{
+}
+impl<State, F: Fn(&mut EventIdCtx<State, Data, W>) + 'static, Data, W: ?Sized>
+    WidgetEventFn<State, Data, W> for F
+{
+}

core/src/event/rsc.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+use crate::{
+    Event, EventCtx, EventLike, EventManager, HasUi, IdLike, Widget, WidgetEventFn, WidgetRef,
+};
+
+pub trait HasState {
+    type State: HasUi;
+}
+
+pub trait HasEvents: Sized + HasState + HasUi {
+    fn get(&self) -> &EventManager<Self::State>;
+    fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut EventManager<Self::State>;
+    fn events(&self) -> &EventManager<Self::State> {
+        HasEvents::get(self)
+    }
+    fn events_mut(&mut self) -> &mut EventManager<Self::State> {
+        HasEvents::get_mut(self)
+    }
+
+    fn register_event<W: Widget + ?Sized, E: EventLike>(
+        &mut self,
+        id: WidgetRef<W>,
+        event: E,
+        f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<Self::State, <E::Event as Event>::Data<'a>, W>,
+    ) where
+        Self::State: 'static,
+    {
+        self.events_mut().register(id, event, f);
+        self.ui_mut()
+            .widgets
+            .data_mut(id)
+            .unwrap()
+            .event_mgrs
+            .insert(EventManager::<Self::State>::type_key::<E>());
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait RunEvents: HasEvents + HasState<State = Self> + 'static {
+    fn run_event<E: EventLike>(
+        &mut self,
+        id: impl IdLike,
+        data: &mut <E::Event as Event>::Data<'_>,
+    ) {
+        let f = self.events_mut().get_type::<E>().run_fn(id);
+        f(EventCtx { state: self, data })
+    }
+}
+impl<T: HasEvents + HasState<State = Self> + 'static> RunEvents for T {}

core/src/layout/attr.rs

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-use crate::layout::{Ui, WidgetIdFn, WidgetLike, WidgetRef};
-
-pub trait WidgetAttr<W: ?Sized> {
-    type Input;
-    fn run(ui: &mut Ui, id: &WidgetRef<W>, input: Self::Input);
-}
-
-pub trait Attrable<W: ?Sized, Tag> {
-    fn attr<A: WidgetAttr<W>>(self, input: A::Input) -> impl WidgetIdFn<W>;
-}
-
-impl<WL: WidgetLike<Tag>, Tag> Attrable<WL::Widget, Tag> for WL {
-    fn attr<A: WidgetAttr<WL::Widget>>(self, input: A::Input) -> impl WidgetIdFn<WL::Widget> {
-        |ui| {
-            let id = self.add(ui);
-            A::run(ui, &id, input);
-            id
-        }
-    }
-}

core/src/layout/event.rs

@@ -1,187 +0,0 @@
-use std::{hash::Hash, rc::Rc};
-
-use crate::{
-    layout::{IdFnTag, Ui, UiModule, WidgetIdFn, WidgetLike, WidgetRef},
-    util::{HashMap, Id},
-};
-
-pub trait Event: Sized {
-    type Module<Ctx: 'static>: EventModule<Self, Ctx>;
-    type Data: Clone;
-}
-
-pub struct EventCtx<'a, Ctx, Data> {
-    pub ui: &'a mut Ui,
-    pub state: &'a mut Ctx,
-    pub data: Data,
-}
-
-pub type ECtx<'a, Ctx, Data, W> = EventIdCtx<'a, Ctx, Data, W>;
-pub struct EventIdCtx<'a, Ctx, Data, W: ?Sized> {
-    pub widget: &'a WidgetRef<W>,
-    pub ui: &'a mut Ui,
-    pub state: &'a mut Ctx,
-    pub data: Data,
-}
-
-pub trait EventFn<Ctx, Data>: Fn(EventCtx<Ctx, Data>) + 'static {}
-impl<F: Fn(EventCtx<Ctx, Data>) + 'static, Ctx, Data> EventFn<Ctx, Data> for F {}
-
-pub trait WidgetEventFn<Ctx, Data, W: ?Sized>: Fn(EventIdCtx<Ctx, Data, W>) + 'static {}
-impl<F: Fn(EventIdCtx<Ctx, Data, W>) + 'static, Ctx, Data, W: ?Sized> WidgetEventFn<Ctx, Data, W>
-    for F
-{
-}
-
-
-impl Ui {
-    pub fn register_event<W: ?Sized, E: Event, Ctx: 'static>(
-        &mut self,
-        id: &WidgetRef<W>,
-        event: E,
-        f: impl EventFn<Ctx, E::Data>,
-    ) {
-        self.data
-            .modules
-            .get_mut::<E::Module<Ctx>>()
-            .register(id.id(), event, f);
-    }
-
-    pub fn register_widget_event<W: ?Sized + 'static, E: Event, Ctx: 'static>(
-        &mut self,
-        id: &WidgetRef<W>,
-        event: E,
-        f: impl WidgetEventFn<Ctx, E::Data, W>,
-    ) {
-        let id_ = id.weak();
-        self.data
-            .modules
-            .get_mut::<E::Module<Ctx>>()
-            .register(id.id(), event, move |ctx| {
-                f(EventIdCtx {
-                    widget: &id_.expect_strong(),
-                    ui: ctx.ui,
-                    state: ctx.state,
-                    data: ctx.data,
-                })
-            });
-    }
-}
-
-pub trait DefaultEvent: Hash + Eq + 'static {
-    type Data: Clone;
-}
-
-impl<E: DefaultEvent> Event for E {
-    type Module<Ctx: 'static> = DefaultEventModule<E, Ctx>;
-    type Data = E::Data;
-}
-
-pub trait EventModule<E: Event, Ctx>: UiModule + Default {
-    fn register(&mut self, id: Id, event: E, f: impl EventFn<Ctx, E::Data>);
-    fn run<'a>(
-        &self,
-        id: &Id,
-        event: E,
-    ) -> Option<impl Fn(EventCtx<Ctx, E::Data>) + use<'a, Self, E, Ctx>>;
-}
-
-type EventFnMap<Ctx, Data> = HashMap<Id, Vec<Rc<dyn EventFn<Ctx, Data>>>>;
-pub struct DefaultEventModule<E: Event, Ctx> {
-    map: HashMap<E, EventFnMap<Ctx, <E as Event>::Data>>,
-}
-
-impl<E: Event + 'static, Ctx: 'static> UiModule for DefaultEventModule<E, Ctx> {
-    fn on_remove(&mut self, id: &Id) {
-        for map in self.map.values_mut() {
-            map.remove(id);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub trait HashableEvent: Event + Hash + Eq + 'static {}
-impl<E: Event + Hash + Eq + 'static> HashableEvent for E {}
-
-impl<E: HashableEvent, Ctx: 'static> EventModule<E, Ctx> for DefaultEventModule<E, Ctx> {
-    fn register(&mut self, id: Id, event: E, f: impl EventFn<Ctx, <E as Event>::Data>) {
-        self.map
-            .entry(event)
-            .or_default()
-            .entry(id)
-            .or_default()
-            .push(Rc::new(f));
-    }
-
-    fn run<'a>(
-        &self,
-        id: &Id,
-        event: E,
-    ) -> Option<impl Fn(EventCtx<Ctx, E::Data>) + use<'a, E, Ctx>> {
-        if let Some(map) = self.map.get(&event)
-            && let Some(fs) = map.get(id)
-        {
-            let fs = fs.clone();
-            Some(move |ctx: EventCtx<Ctx, <E as Event>::Data>| {
-                for f in &fs {
-                    f(EventCtx {
-                        ui: ctx.ui,
-                        state: ctx.state,
-                        data: ctx.data.clone(),
-                    })
-                }
-            })
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<E: HashableEvent, Ctx: 'static> DefaultEventModule<E, Ctx> {
-    pub fn run_all(&self, event: E, ctx: EventCtx<Ctx, E::Data>)
-    where
-        E::Data: Clone,
-    {
-        if let Some(map) = self.map.get(&event) {
-            for fs in map.values() {
-                for f in fs {
-                    f(EventCtx {
-                        ui: ctx.ui,
-                        state: ctx.state,
-                        data: ctx.data.clone(),
-                    })
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<E: Event + 'static, Ctx: 'static> Default for DefaultEventModule<E, Ctx> {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            map: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Ui {
-    pub fn run_event<E: Event, Ctx: 'static, W: ?Sized>(
-        &mut self,
-        ctx: &mut Ctx,
-        id: &WidgetRef<W>,
-        event: E,
-        data: E::Data,
-    ) {
-        if let Some(f) = self
-            .data
-            .modules
-            .get_mut::<E::Module<Ctx>>()
-            .run(&id.id(), event)
-        {
-            f(EventCtx {
-                ui: self,
-                state: ctx,
-                data,
-            });
-        }
-    }
-}

core/src/layout/mod.rs

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-mod attr;
-mod event;
-mod module;
-mod num;
-mod orientation;
-mod painter;
-mod primitive;
-mod ui;
-mod view;
-mod widget;
-
-pub use attr::*;
-pub use event::*;
-pub use module::*;
-pub use num::*;
-pub use orientation::*;
-pub use painter::*;
-pub use primitive::*;
-pub use ui::*;
-pub use view::*;
-pub use widget::*;
-
-pub use crate::util::Vec2;
-pub type UiColor = Color<u8>;

core/src/layout/module.rs

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-use std::any::{Any, TypeId};
-
-use crate::{
-    layout::WidgetInstance,
-    util::{HashMap, Id},
-};
-
-#[allow(unused_variables)]
-pub trait UiModule: Any {
-    fn on_draw(&mut self, inst: &WidgetInstance) {}
-    fn on_undraw(&mut self, inst: &WidgetInstance) {}
-    fn on_remove(&mut self, id: &Id) {}
-    fn on_move(&mut self, inst: &WidgetInstance) {}
-}
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub struct Modules {
-    map: HashMap<TypeId, Box<dyn UiModule>>,
-}
-
-impl Modules {
-    pub fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &mut (dyn UiModule + 'static)> {
-        self.map.values_mut().map(|m| m.as_mut())
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_mut<M: UiModule + Default>(&mut self) -> &mut M {
-        let rf = self
-            .map
-            .entry(TypeId::of::<M>())
-            .or_insert_with(|| Box::new(M::default()))
-            .as_mut();
-        let any: &mut dyn Any = &mut *rf;
-        any.downcast_mut().unwrap()
-    }
-}

core/src/layout/painter.rs

@@ -1,609 +0,0 @@
-use std::{cell::Ref, marker::Unsize, sync::mpsc::Sender};
-
-use crate::{
-    layout::{
-        Axis, Len, Modules, PrimitiveLayers, RenderedText, Size, TextAttrs, TextBuffer, TextData,
-        TextureHandle, Textures, UiRegion, UiVec2, Vec2, Widget, WidgetRef, WidgetUpdate, Widgets,
-    },
-    render::{Mask, MaskIdx, Primitive, PrimitiveHandle, PrimitiveInst},
-    util::{HashMap, HashSet, Id, TrackedArena},
-};
-
-/// makes your surfaces look pretty
-pub struct Painter<'a, 'c> {
-    ctx: &'a mut PainterCtx<'c>,
-    widget: WidgetRef,
-    id: Id,
-    region: UiRegion,
-    mask: MaskIdx,
-    textures: Vec<TextureHandle>,
-    primitives: Vec<PrimitiveHandle>,
-    children: Vec<Id>,
-    children_width: HashMap<Id, (UiVec2, Len)>,
-    children_height: HashMap<Id, (UiVec2, Len)>,
-    pub layer: usize,
-}
-
-/// context for a painter; lets you draw and redraw widgets
-struct PainterCtx<'a> {
-    pub widgets: &'a Widgets,
-    pub active: &'a mut HashMap<Id, WidgetInstance>,
-    pub layers: &'a mut PrimitiveLayers,
-    pub textures: &'a mut Textures,
-    pub masks: &'a mut TrackedArena<Mask, u32>,
-    pub text: &'a mut TextData,
-    pub output_size: Vec2,
-    pub modules: &'a mut Modules,
-    pub cache_width: HashMap<Id, (UiVec2, Len)>,
-    pub cache_height: HashMap<Id, (UiVec2, Len)>,
-    pub needs_redraw: HashSet<Id>,
-    draw_started: HashSet<Id>,
-}
-
-/// stores information for children about the highest level parent that needed their size
-/// so that they can redraw the parent if their size changes
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default)]
-pub struct ResizeRef {
-    x: Option<(Id, (UiVec2, Len))>,
-    y: Option<(Id, (UiVec2, Len))>,
-}
-
-/// important non rendering data for retained drawing
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct WidgetInstance {
-    pub id: Id,
-    pub region: UiRegion,
-    pub parent: Option<Id>,
-    pub textures: Vec<TextureHandle>,
-    pub primitives: Vec<PrimitiveHandle>,
-    pub children: Vec<Id>,
-    pub resize: ResizeRef,
-    pub mask: MaskIdx,
-    pub layer: usize,
-}
-
-/// data to be stored in Ui to create PainterCtxs easily
-pub struct PainterData {
-    pub widgets: Widgets,
-    pub active: HashMap<Id, WidgetInstance>,
-    pub layers: PrimitiveLayers,
-    pub textures: Textures,
-    pub text: TextData,
-    pub output_size: Vec2,
-    pub modules: Modules,
-    pub px_dependent: HashSet<Id>,
-    pub masks: TrackedArena<Mask, u32>,
-}
-
-impl PainterData {
-    pub fn new(send: Sender<WidgetUpdate>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            widgets: Widgets::new(send),
-            active: Default::default(),
-            layers: Default::default(),
-            textures: Default::default(),
-            text: Default::default(),
-            output_size: Default::default(),
-            modules: Default::default(),
-            px_dependent: Default::default(),
-            masks: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> PainterCtx<'a> {
-    /// redraws a widget that's currently active (drawn)
-    /// can be called on something already drawn or removed,
-    /// will just return if so
-    pub fn redraw<W: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>>(&mut self, widget: &WidgetRef<W>) {
-        let id = widget.id();
-        self.needs_redraw.remove(&id);
-        if self.draw_started.contains(&id) {
-            return;
-        }
-        let Some(active) = self.active.get(&id) else {
-            return;
-        };
-        let mut resize = active.resize;
-
-        // set resize back after redrawing
-        let finish = |s: &mut Self, resize| {
-            if let Some(active) = s.active.get_mut(&id) {
-                // might need to get_or_insert here instead of just assuming
-                active.resize = resize;
-            }
-        };
-
-        // check if a parent depends on the desired size of this, if so then redraw it first
-        // TODO: this is stupid having 2 of these, don't ask me what the consequences are
-        let mut ret = false;
-        if let Some((rid, (outer, old_desired))) = &mut resize.x {
-            let new_desired = SizeCtx {
-                source: id,
-                cache_width: &mut self.cache_width,
-                cache_height: &mut self.cache_height,
-                text: self.text,
-                textures: self.textures,
-                outer: *outer,
-                output_size: self.output_size,
-                checked_width: &mut Default::default(),
-                checked_height: &mut Default::default(),
-                id,
-            }
-            .width(widget);
-            if new_desired != *old_desired {
-                // unsure if I need to walk down the tree here
-                self.redraw(&self.widgets.get(*rid));
-                *old_desired = new_desired;
-                if self.draw_started.contains(&id) {
-                    ret = true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if let Some((rid, (outer, old_desired))) = &mut resize.y {
-            // NOTE: might need hack in Span here (or also do it properly here)
-            let new_desired = SizeCtx {
-                source: id,
-                cache_width: &mut self.cache_width,
-                cache_height: &mut self.cache_height,
-                text: self.text,
-                textures: self.textures,
-                outer: *outer,
-                output_size: self.output_size,
-                checked_width: &mut Default::default(),
-                checked_height: &mut Default::default(),
-                id,
-            }
-            .height(widget);
-            if new_desired != *old_desired {
-                self.redraw(&self.widgets.get(*rid));
-                *old_desired = new_desired;
-                if self.draw_started.contains(&id) {
-                    ret = true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if ret {
-            return finish(self, resize);
-        }
-
-        let Some(active) = self.remove(id) else {
-            return;
-        };
-
-        self.draw_inner(
-            active.layer,
-            widget,
-            active.region,
-            active.parent,
-            active.mask,
-            Some(active.children),
-        );
-        finish(self, resize);
-    }
-
-    fn draw_inner<W: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>>(
-        &mut self,
-        layer: usize,
-        widget: &WidgetRef<W>,
-        region: UiRegion,
-        parent: Option<Id>,
-        mask: MaskIdx,
-        old_children: Option<Vec<Id>>,
-    ) {
-        let id = widget.id();
-        // I have no idea if these checks work lol
-        // the idea is u can't redraw stuff u already drew,
-        // and if parent is different then there's another copy with a different parent
-        // but this has a very weird issue where you can't move widgets unless u remove first
-        // so swapping is impossible rn I think?
-        // there's definitely better solutions like a counter (>1 = panic) but don't care rn
-        // if self.draw_started.contains(&id) {
-        //     panic!(
-        //         "Cannot draw the same widget ({}) twice (1)",
-        //         self.widgets.data(&id).unwrap().label
-        //     );
-        // }
-        let mut old_children = old_children.unwrap_or_default();
-        let mut resize = ResizeRef::default();
-        if let Some(active) = self.active.get_mut(&id)
-            && !self.needs_redraw.contains(&id)
-        {
-            // check to see if we can skip drawing first
-            if active.parent != parent {
-                panic!("Cannot draw the same widget twice (2)");
-            }
-            if active.region == region {
-                return;
-            } else if active.region.size() == region.size() {
-                // TODO: epsilon?
-                let from = active.region;
-                self.mov(id, from, region);
-                return;
-            }
-            // if not, then maintain resize and track old children to remove unneeded
-            let active = self.remove(id).unwrap();
-            old_children = active.children;
-            resize = active.resize;
-        }
-
-        // draw widget
-        self.draw_started.insert(id);
-
-        let mut painter = Painter {
-            region,
-            mask,
-            layer,
-            widget: widget.as_any(),
-            id,
-            textures: Vec::new(),
-            primitives: Vec::new(),
-            ctx: self,
-            children: Vec::new(),
-            children_width: Default::default(),
-            children_height: Default::default(),
-        };
-
-        widget.get_mut_quiet().draw(&mut painter);
-
-        let children_width = painter.children_width;
-        let children_height = painter.children_height;
-
-        // add to active
-        let instance = WidgetInstance {
-            id,
-            region,
-            parent,
-            textures: painter.textures,
-            primitives: painter.primitives,
-            children: painter.children,
-            resize,
-            mask: painter.mask,
-            layer,
-        };
-        // set resize for children who's size this widget depends on
-        for (cid, outer) in children_width {
-            if let Some(w) = self.active.get_mut(&cid)
-                && w.resize.x.is_none()
-            {
-                w.resize.x = Some((id, outer))
-            }
-        }
-        for (cid, outer) in children_height {
-            if let Some(w) = self.active.get_mut(&cid)
-                && w.resize.y.is_none()
-            {
-                w.resize.y = Some((id, outer))
-            }
-        }
-
-        // remove old children that weren't kept
-        for c in &old_children {
-            if !instance.children.contains(c) {
-                self.remove_rec(*c);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // update modules
-        for m in self.modules.iter_mut() {
-            m.on_draw(&instance);
-        }
-        self.active.insert(id, instance);
-    }
-
-    fn mov(&mut self, id: Id, from: UiRegion, to: UiRegion) {
-        let active = self.active.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
-        for h in &active.primitives {
-            let region = self.layers[h.layer].region_mut(h);
-            *region = region.outside(&from).within(&to);
-        }
-        active.region = active.region.outside(&from).within(&to);
-        for m in self.modules.iter_mut() {
-            m.on_move(active);
-        }
-        // children will not be changed, so this technically should not be needed
-        // probably need unsafe
-        let children = active.children.clone();
-        for child in children {
-            self.mov(child, from, to);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// NOTE: instance textures are cleared and self.textures freed
-    fn remove(&mut self, id: Id) -> Option<WidgetInstance> {
-        let mut inst = self.active.remove(&id);
-        if let Some(inst) = &mut inst {
-            for h in &inst.primitives {
-                let mask = self.layers.free(h);
-                if mask != MaskIdx::NONE {
-                    self.masks.remove(mask);
-                }
-            }
-            inst.textures.clear();
-            self.textures.free();
-            for m in self.modules.iter_mut() {
-                m.on_undraw(inst);
-            }
-        }
-        inst
-    }
-
-    fn remove_rec(&mut self, id: Id) -> Option<WidgetInstance> {
-        let inst = self.remove(id);
-        if let Some(inst) = &inst {
-            for c in &inst.children {
-                self.remove_rec(*c);
-            }
-        }
-        inst
-    }
-}
-
-impl PainterData {
-    fn ctx(&mut self, needs_redraw: HashSet<Id>) -> PainterCtx<'_> {
-        PainterCtx {
-            widgets: &self.widgets,
-            active: &mut self.active,
-            layers: &mut self.layers,
-            textures: &mut self.textures,
-            text: &mut self.text,
-            output_size: self.output_size,
-            modules: &mut self.modules,
-            masks: &mut self.masks,
-            cache_width: Default::default(),
-            cache_height: Default::default(),
-            draw_started: Default::default(),
-            needs_redraw,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn draw<W: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>>(&mut self, id: &WidgetRef<W>) {
-        let mut ctx = self.ctx(Default::default());
-        ctx.draw_started.clear();
-        ctx.layers.clear();
-        ctx.draw_inner(0, id, UiRegion::FULL, None, MaskIdx::NONE, None);
-    }
-
-    pub fn redraw(&mut self, ids: HashSet<Id>) {
-        let mut ctx = self.ctx(ids);
-        while let Some(&id) = ctx.needs_redraw.iter().next() {
-            ctx.redraw(&ctx.widgets.get(id));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a, 'c> Painter<'a, 'c> {
-    fn primitive_at<P: Primitive>(&mut self, primitive: P, region: UiRegion) {
-        let h = self.ctx.layers.write(
-            self.layer,
-            PrimitiveInst {
-                id: self.id(),
-                primitive,
-                region,
-                mask_idx: self.mask,
-            },
-        );
-        if self.mask != MaskIdx::NONE {
-            // TODO: I have no clue if this works at all :joy:
-            self.ctx.masks.push_ref(self.mask);
-        }
-        self.primitives.push(h);
-    }
-
-    /// Writes a primitive to be rendered
-    pub fn primitive<P: Primitive>(&mut self, primitive: P) {
-        self.primitive_at(primitive, self.region)
-    }
-
-    pub fn primitive_within<P: Primitive>(&mut self, primitive: P, region: UiRegion) {
-        self.primitive_at(primitive, region.within(&self.region));
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_mask(&mut self, region: UiRegion) {
-        assert!(self.mask == MaskIdx::NONE);
-        self.mask = self.ctx.masks.push(Mask { region });
-    }
-
-    /// Draws a widget within this widget's region.
-    pub fn widget<W: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>>(&mut self, id: &WidgetRef<W>) {
-        self.widget_at(id, self.region);
-    }
-
-    /// Draws a widget somewhere within this one.
-    /// Useful for drawing child widgets in select areas.
-    pub fn widget_within<W: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>>(
-        &mut self,
-        id: &WidgetRef<W>,
-        region: UiRegion,
-    ) {
-        self.widget_at(id, region.within(&self.region));
-    }
-
-    fn widget_at<W: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>>(
-        &mut self,
-        id: &WidgetRef<W>,
-        region: UiRegion,
-    ) {
-        self.children.push(id.id());
-        self.ctx
-            .draw_inner(self.layer, id, region, Some(self.id()), self.mask, None);
-    }
-
-    pub fn texture_within(&mut self, handle: &TextureHandle, region: UiRegion) {
-        self.textures.push(handle.clone());
-        self.primitive_at(handle.primitive(), region.within(&self.region));
-    }
-
-    pub fn texture(&mut self, handle: &TextureHandle) {
-        self.textures.push(handle.clone());
-        self.primitive(handle.primitive());
-    }
-
-    pub fn texture_at(&mut self, handle: &TextureHandle, region: UiRegion) {
-        self.textures.push(handle.clone());
-        self.primitive_at(handle.primitive(), region);
-    }
-
-    /// returns (handle, offset from top left)
-    pub fn render_text(&mut self, buffer: &mut TextBuffer, attrs: &TextAttrs) -> RenderedText {
-        self.ctx
-            .text
-            .get_mut()
-            .draw(buffer, attrs, self.ctx.textures)
-    }
-
-    pub fn region(&self) -> UiRegion {
-        self.region
-    }
-
-    pub fn size<W: Widget + ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &WidgetRef<W>) -> Size {
-        self.size_ctx().size(id)
-    }
-
-    pub fn len_axis<W: Widget + ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &WidgetRef<W>, axis: Axis) -> Len {
-        match axis {
-            Axis::X => self.size_ctx().width(id),
-            Axis::Y => self.size_ctx().height(id),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn size_ctx(&mut self) -> SizeCtx<'_> {
-        SizeCtx {
-            source: self.id(),
-            id: self.id(),
-            text: self.ctx.text,
-            textures: self.ctx.textures,
-            output_size: self.ctx.output_size,
-            checked_width: &mut self.children_width,
-            checked_height: &mut self.children_height,
-            cache_width: &mut self.ctx.cache_width,
-            cache_height: &mut self.ctx.cache_height,
-            outer: self.region.size(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn output_size(&self) -> Vec2 {
-        self.ctx.output_size
-    }
-
-    pub fn px_size(&mut self) -> Vec2 {
-        self.region.size().to_abs(self.ctx.output_size)
-    }
-
-    pub fn text_data(&mut self) -> &mut TextData {
-        self.ctx.text
-    }
-
-    pub fn child_layer(&mut self) {
-        self.layer = self.ctx.layers.child(self.layer);
-    }
-
-    pub fn next_layer(&mut self) {
-        self.layer = self.ctx.layers.next(self.layer);
-    }
-
-    pub fn label(&self) -> Ref<'_, String> {
-        self.widget.get_label()
-    }
-
-    pub fn id(&self) -> Id {
-        self.id
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct SizeCtx<'a> {
-    pub text: &'a mut TextData,
-    pub textures: &'a mut Textures,
-    source: Id,
-    cache_width: &'a mut HashMap<Id, (UiVec2, Len)>,
-    cache_height: &'a mut HashMap<Id, (UiVec2, Len)>,
-    checked_width: &'a mut HashMap<Id, (UiVec2, Len)>,
-    checked_height: &'a mut HashMap<Id, (UiVec2, Len)>,
-    /// TODO: should this be pub? rn used for sized
-    pub outer: UiVec2,
-    output_size: Vec2,
-    id: Id,
-}
-
-impl SizeCtx<'_> {
-    pub fn id(&self) -> &Id {
-        &self.id
-    }
-
-    pub fn source(&self) -> &Id {
-        &self.source
-    }
-
-    pub fn width<W: Widget + ?Sized>(&mut self, widget: &WidgetRef<W>) -> Len {
-        // first check cache
-        // TODO: is this needed? broken rn bc does not store children during upper size check,
-        // so if something actually using check_* hits cache it fails to add them
-        // if let Some(&(outer, len)) = self.cache_width.get(&id)
-        //     && outer == self.outer
-        // {
-        //     self.checked_width.insert(id, (self.outer, len));
-        //     return len;
-        // }
-        // store self vars that need to be maintained
-        let id = widget.id();
-        let self_outer = self.outer;
-        let self_id = self.id;
-        // get size of input id
-        self.id = id;
-        let len = widget.get_mut_quiet().desired_width(self);
-        // restore vars & update cache + checked
-        self.outer = self_outer;
-        self.id = self_id;
-        self.cache_width.insert(id, (self.outer, len));
-        self.checked_width.insert(id, (self.outer, len));
-        len
-    }
-
-    // TODO: should be refactored to share code w width_inner
-    pub fn height<W: Widget + ?Sized>(&mut self, widget: &WidgetRef<W>) -> Len {
-        // if let Some(&(outer, len)) = self.cache_height.get(&id)
-        //     && outer == self.outer
-        // {
-        //     self.checked_height.insert(id, (self.outer, len));
-        //     return len;
-        // }
-        let id = widget.id();
-        let self_outer = self.outer;
-        let self_id = self.id;
-        self.id = id;
-        let len = widget.get_mut_quiet().desired_height(self);
-        self.outer = self_outer;
-        self.id = self_id;
-        self.cache_height.insert(id, (self.outer, len));
-        self.checked_height.insert(id, (self.outer, len));
-        len
-    }
-
-    pub fn len_axis<W: Widget + ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &WidgetRef<W>, axis: Axis) -> Len {
-        match axis {
-            Axis::X => self.width(id),
-            Axis::Y => self.height(id),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn size<W: Widget + ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &WidgetRef<W>) -> Size {
-        Size {
-            x: self.width(id),
-            y: self.height(id),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn px_size(&mut self) -> Vec2 {
-        self.outer.to_abs(self.output_size)
-    }
-
-    pub fn output_size(&mut self) -> Vec2 {
-        self.output_size
-    }
-
-    pub fn draw_text(&mut self, buffer: &mut TextBuffer, attrs: &TextAttrs) -> RenderedText {
-        self.text.get_mut().draw(buffer, attrs, self.textures)
-    }
-}

core/src/layout/primitive/mask.rs

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-//! tree structure for masking
-
-use crate::layout::UiRegion;
-
-pub struct Masks {
-    data: Vec<MaskNode>,
-}
-
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct MaskPtr(u32);
-
-#[repr(C)]
-pub struct MaskNode {
-    /// TODO: this is just a rect for now,
-    /// but would like to support arbitrary masks
-    /// at some point; custom shader
-    /// would probably handle that case
-    /// bc you'd need to render to a special target
-    /// anyways
-    region: UiRegion,
-    prev: MaskPtr,
-}
-
-impl MaskPtr {
-    const NONE: Self = Self(u32::MAX);
-}
-
-impl Masks {
-    pub fn push(&mut self, parent: MaskPtr, region: UiRegion) -> MaskPtr {
-        match parent.0 {
-            _ => {
-            }
-            u32::MAX => {
-                let i = self.data.len();
-                self.data.push(MaskNode {
-                    region,
-                    prev: parent,
-                });
-                MaskPtr(i as u32)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn pop(&mut self, i: usize) {}
-}

core/src/layout/ui.rs

@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-use image::DynamicImage;
-
-use crate::{
-    layout::{
-        IdLike, PainterData, PixelRegion, TextureHandle, Vec2, Widget, WidgetInstance, WidgetLike,
-        WidgetRef, WidgetUpdate,
-    },
-    util::{HashSet, Id},
-};
-use std::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, channel};
-
-pub struct Ui {
-    pub(crate) data: PainterData,
-    root: Option<WidgetRef>,
-    updates: HashSet<Id>,
-    free: Vec<Id>,
-    recv: Receiver<WidgetUpdate>,
-    full_redraw: bool,
-    resized: bool,
-}
-
-impl Ui {
-    pub fn add<W: Widget, Tag>(&mut self, w: impl WidgetLike<Tag, Widget = W>) -> WidgetRef<W> {
-        w.add(self)
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_widget<W: Widget>(&mut self, w: W) -> WidgetRef<W> {
-        self.data.widgets.insert(w)
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_root<Tag>(&mut self, w: impl WidgetLike<Tag>) {
-        self.root = Some(w.add(self));
-        self.full_redraw = true;
-    }
-
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self::default()
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_texture(&mut self, image: DynamicImage) -> TextureHandle {
-        self.data.textures.add(image)
-    }
-
-    pub fn resize(&mut self, size: impl Into<Vec2>) {
-        self.data.output_size = size.into();
-        self.resized = true;
-    }
-
-    fn redraw_all(&mut self) {
-        for (_, inst) in self.data.active.drain() {
-            for m in self.data.modules.iter_mut() {
-                m.on_undraw(&inst);
-            }
-        }
-        // free before bc nothing should exist
-        self.free();
-        if let Some(root) = &self.root {
-            self.data.draw(root);
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn update(&mut self) -> bool {
-        for update in self.recv.try_iter() {
-            match update {
-                WidgetUpdate::Drop(id) => {
-                    self.free.push(id);
-                }
-                WidgetUpdate::Mutate(id) => {
-                    self.updates.insert(id);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if self.full_redraw {
-            self.redraw_all();
-            self.full_redraw = false;
-            true
-        } else if self.resized {
-            self.resized = false;
-            self.redraw_all();
-            true
-        } else if !self.updates.is_empty() {
-            self.redraw_updates();
-            true
-        } else {
-            false
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn redraw_updates(&mut self) {
-        self.data.redraw(std::mem::take(&mut self.updates));
-        self.free();
-    }
-
-    /// free any resources that don't have references anymore
-    fn free(&mut self) {
-        for id in self.free.drain(..) {
-            for m in self.data.modules.iter_mut() {
-                m.on_remove(&id);
-            }
-            self.data.widgets.delete(id);
-        }
-        self.data.textures.free();
-    }
-
-    pub fn needs_redraw(&self) -> bool {
-        self.full_redraw || !self.updates.is_empty()
-    }
-
-    pub fn num_widgets(&self) -> usize {
-        self.data.widgets.len()
-    }
-
-    pub fn active_widgets(&self) -> usize {
-        self.data.active.len()
-    }
-
-    pub fn debug_layers(&self) {
-        for ((idx, depth), primitives) in self.data.layers.iter_depth() {
-            let indent = " ".repeat(depth * 2);
-            let len = primitives.instances().len();
-            print!("{indent}{idx}: {len} primitives");
-            if len >= 1 {
-                print!(" ({})", primitives.instances()[0].binding);
-            }
-            println!();
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn window_region<W>(&self, id: &impl IdLike<W>) -> Option<PixelRegion> {
-        let region = self.data.active.get(&id.id())?.region;
-        Some(region.to_px(self.data.output_size))
-    }
-
-    pub fn debug(&self, label: &str) -> impl Iterator<Item = &WidgetInstance> {
-        self.data.active.iter().filter_map(move |(id, inst)| {
-            let widget = &self.data.widgets.get(*id);
-            if widget.get_label().as_str() == label {
-                Some(inst)
-            } else {
-                None
-            }
-        })
-    }
-
-    pub fn data(&self) -> &PainterData {
-        &self.data
-    }
-
-    pub fn data_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PainterData {
-        &mut self.data
-    }
-}
-
-impl Default for Ui {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        let (send, recv) = channel();
-        Self {
-            data: PainterData::new(send),
-            root: Default::default(),
-            updates: Default::default(),
-            free: Default::default(),
-            full_redraw: false,
-            recv,
-            resized: false,
-        }
-    }
-}

core/src/layout/view.rs

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-use crate::layout::{Widget, WidgetLike, WidgetRef};
-use std::marker::Unsize;
-
-pub trait WidgetView {
-    type Widget: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget> = dyn Widget;
-    fn view(&self) -> &WidgetRef<Self::Widget>;
-}
-
-pub struct ViewTag;
-
-impl<WV: WidgetView> WidgetLike<ViewTag> for WV {
-    type Widget = WV::Widget;
-
-    fn add(self, _ui: &mut super::Ui) -> WidgetRef<Self::Widget> {
-        self.view().clone()
-    }
-}

core/src/layout/widget/handle.rs

@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-use std::{
-    cell::{Ref, RefMut},
-    marker::Unsize,
-    ops::CoerceUnsized,
-    sync::mpsc::Sender,
-};
-
-use crate::{
-    layout::{IdFnTag, IdTag, Ui, Widget, WidgetLike},
-    util::{Handle, Id, WeakHandle},
-};
-
-/// An handle for a widget in a UI.
-///
-/// TODO: ergonomic clones when they get put in rust-analyzer & don't cause ICEs?
-pub struct WidgetRef<W: ?Sized = dyn Widget>(Handle<Inner<W>>);
-pub struct WeakWidgetRef<W: ?Sized = dyn Widget>(WeakHandle<Inner<W>>);
-
-struct Inner<W: ?Sized> {
-    id: Id,
-    send: Sender<WidgetUpdate>,
-    label: String,
-    widget: W,
-}
-
-pub enum WidgetUpdate {
-    Drop(Id),
-    Mutate(Id),
-}
-
-impl<W> PartialEq for WidgetRef<W> {
-    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.id() == other.id()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<W> std::fmt::Debug for WidgetRef<W> {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        self.id().fmt(f)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<W: ?Sized> Clone for WidgetRef<W> {
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        Self(self.0.clone())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<W: Widget> WidgetRef<W> {
-    pub(super) fn new(id: Id, widget: W, send: Sender<WidgetUpdate>) -> Self {
-        let mut label = std::any::type_name::<W>().to_string();
-        if let (Some(first), Some(last)) = (label.find(":"), label.rfind(":")) {
-            label = label.split_at(first).0.to_string() + "::" + label.split_at(last + 1).1;
-        }
-        Self(
-            Inner {
-                widget,
-                id,
-                send,
-                label,
-            }
-            .into(),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl<W: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>> WidgetRef<W> {
-    pub fn any(self) -> WidgetRef<dyn Widget> {
-        WidgetRef(self.0)
-    }
-    pub fn as_any(&self) -> WidgetRef<dyn Widget> {
-        WidgetRef(self.0.clone())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<W: ?Sized> WidgetRef<W> {
-    pub fn id(&self) -> Id {
-        self.0.get().id
-    }
-
-    pub fn get(&self) -> Ref<'_, W> {
-        Ref::map(self.0.get(), |i| &i.widget)
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_mut(&self) -> RefMut<'_, W> {
-        let inner = self.0.get_mut();
-        let _ = inner.send.send(WidgetUpdate::Mutate(inner.id));
-        RefMut::map(inner, |i| &mut i.widget)
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_mut_quiet(&self) -> RefMut<'_, W> {
-        RefMut::map(self.0.get_mut(), |i| &mut i.widget)
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_label(&self) -> Ref<'_, String> {
-        Ref::map(self.0.get(), |i| &i.label)
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_label(&self, label: impl Into<String>) {
-        self.0.get_mut().label = label.into();
-    }
-
-    pub fn refs(&self) -> usize {
-        self.0.refs()
-    }
-
-    pub fn weak(&self) -> WeakWidgetRef<W> {
-        WeakWidgetRef(self.0.weak())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<W: ?Sized> WeakWidgetRef<W> {
-    /// should guarantee that widget is still valid to prevent indexing failures
-    pub(crate) fn expect_strong(&self) -> WidgetRef<W> {
-        WidgetRef(self.0.strong().expect("widget should not be dropped"))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<W: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>> WeakWidgetRef<W> {
-    pub fn any(self) -> WeakWidgetRef<dyn Widget> {
-        WeakWidgetRef(self.0.clone())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<W: ?Sized> Drop for Inner<W> {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        let _ = self.send.send(WidgetUpdate::Drop(self.id));
-    }
-}
-
-pub trait WidgetIdFn<W: ?Sized = dyn Widget>: FnOnce(&mut Ui) -> WidgetRef<W> {}
-impl<W: ?Sized, F: FnOnce(&mut Ui) -> WidgetRef<W>> WidgetIdFn<W> for F {}
-
-pub trait WidgetRet: FnOnce(&mut Ui) -> WidgetRef {}
-impl<F: FnOnce(&mut Ui) -> WidgetRef> WidgetRet for F {}
-
-impl<W: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget> + 'static> WidgetLike<IdTag> for WidgetRef<W> {
-    type Widget = W;
-    fn add(self, _: &mut Ui) -> WidgetRef<W> {
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-impl<W: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget> + 'static, F: FnOnce(&mut Ui) -> WidgetRef<W>>
-    WidgetLike<IdFnTag> for F
-{
-    type Widget = W;
-    fn add(self, ui: &mut Ui) -> WidgetRef<W> {
-        self(ui)
-    }
-}
-
-pub trait IdLike<W> {
-    fn id(&self) -> Id;
-}
-
-impl<W> IdLike<W> for WidgetRef<W> {
-    fn id(&self) -> Id {
-        self.id()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<W: ?Sized + Unsize<U>, U: ?Sized> CoerceUnsized<WidgetRef<U>> for WidgetRef<W> {}

core/src/layout/widget/like.rs

@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-use super::*;
-use std::marker::Unsize;
-
-pub trait WidgetLike<Tag> {
-    type Widget: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget> + 'static;
-
-    fn add(self, ui: &mut Ui) -> WidgetRef<Self::Widget>;
-
-    fn with_id<W2>(
-        self,
-        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Ui, WidgetRef<Self::Widget>) -> WidgetRef<W2>,
-    ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<W2>
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-    {
-        move |ui| {
-            let id = self.add(ui);
-            f(ui, id)
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn set_root(self, ui: &mut Ui)
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-    {
-        ui.set_root(self);
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct WidgetArr<const LEN: usize> {
-    pub arr: [WidgetRef; LEN],
-}
-
-impl<const LEN: usize> WidgetArr<LEN> {
-    pub fn new(arr: [WidgetRef; LEN]) -> Self {
-        Self { arr }
-    }
-}
-
-pub trait WidgetArrLike<const LEN: usize, Tag> {
-    fn ui(self, ui: &mut Ui) -> WidgetArr<LEN>;
-}
-
-impl<const LEN: usize> WidgetArrLike<LEN, ArrTag> for WidgetArr<LEN> {
-    fn ui(self, _: &mut Ui) -> WidgetArr<LEN> {
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-// I hate this language it's so bad why do I even use it
-macro_rules! impl_widget_arr {
-    ($n:expr;$($W:ident)*) => {
-        impl_widget_arr!($n;$($W)*;$(${concat($W,Tag)})*);
-    };
-    ($n:expr;$($W:ident)*;$($Tag:ident)*) => {
-        impl<$($W: WidgetLike<$Tag>,$Tag,)*> WidgetArrLike<$n, ($($Tag,)*)> for ($($W,)*) {
-            fn ui(self, ui: &mut Ui) -> WidgetArr<$n> {
-                #[allow(non_snake_case)]
-                let ($($W,)*) = self;
-                WidgetArr::new(
-                    [$($W.add(ui),)*],
-                )
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-impl_widget_arr!(1;A);
-impl_widget_arr!(2;A B);
-impl_widget_arr!(3;A B C);
-impl_widget_arr!(4;A B C D);
-impl_widget_arr!(5;A B C D E);
-impl_widget_arr!(6;A B C D E F);
-impl_widget_arr!(7;A B C D E F G);
-impl_widget_arr!(8;A B C D E F G H);
-impl_widget_arr!(9;A B C D E F G H I);
-impl_widget_arr!(10;A B C D E F G H I J);
-impl_widget_arr!(11;A B C D E F G H I J K);
-impl_widget_arr!(12;A B C D E F G H I J K L);

core/src/layout/widget/mod.rs

@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-mod handle;
-mod like;
-mod tag;
-mod widgets;
-
-pub use handle::*;
-pub use like::*;
-pub use tag::*;
-pub use widgets::*;
-
-use crate::layout::{Len, Painter, SizeCtx, Ui};
-
-pub trait Widget: 'static {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter);
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len;
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len;
-}
-
-impl Widget for () {
-    fn draw(&mut self, _: &mut Painter) {}
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, _: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        Len::ZERO
-    }
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, _: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        Len::ZERO
-    }
-}
-
-/// A function that returns a widget given a UI.
-/// Useful for defining trait functions on widgets that create a parent widget so that the children
-/// don't need to be IDs yet
-pub trait WidgetFn<W: Widget + ?Sized>: FnOnce(&mut Ui) -> W {}
-impl<W: Widget, F: FnOnce(&mut Ui) -> W> WidgetFn<W> for F {}
-
-impl<W: Widget, F: FnOnce(&mut Ui) -> W> WidgetLike<FnTag> for F {
-    type Widget = W;
-    fn add(self, ui: &mut Ui) -> WidgetRef<W> {
-        self(ui).add(ui)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<W: Widget> WidgetLike<WidgetTag> for W {
-    type Widget = W;
-    fn add(self, ui: &mut Ui) -> WidgetRef<W> {
-        ui.add_widget(self)
-    }
-}
-
-pub trait WidgetOption {
-    fn get(self, ui: &mut Ui) -> Option<WidgetRef>;
-}
-
-impl WidgetOption for () {
-    fn get(self, _: &mut Ui) -> Option<WidgetRef> {
-        None
-    }
-}
-
-impl<F: FnOnce(&mut Ui) -> Option<WidgetRef>> WidgetOption for F {
-    fn get(self, ui: &mut Ui) -> Option<WidgetRef> {
-        self(ui)
-    }
-}

core/src/layout/widget/tag.rs

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-pub struct WidgetTag;
-pub struct FnTag;
-pub struct IdTag;
-pub struct IdFnTag;
-pub struct ArrTag;

core/src/layout/widget/widgets.rs

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-use std::sync::mpsc::Sender;
-
-use crate::{
-    layout::{WeakWidgetRef, Widget, WidgetRef, WidgetUpdate},
-    util::{HashMap, Id, IdTracker},
-};
-
-pub struct Widgets {
-    ids: IdTracker,
-    map: HashMap<Id, WeakWidgetRef>,
-    send: Sender<WidgetUpdate>,
-}
-
-impl Widgets {
-    pub fn new(send: Sender<WidgetUpdate>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            ids: IdTracker::default(),
-            map: HashMap::default(),
-            send,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn get(&self, id: Id) -> WidgetRef {
-        self.map.get(&id).unwrap().expect_strong()
-    }
-
-    pub fn insert<W: Widget>(&mut self, widget: W) -> WidgetRef<W> {
-        let id = self.ids.next();
-        let rf = WidgetRef::new(id, widget, self.send.clone());
-        self.map.insert(id, rf.weak().any());
-        rf
-    }
-
-    pub fn delete(&mut self, id: Id) {
-        self.map.remove(&id);
-        self.ids.free(id);
-    }
-
-    pub fn reserve(&mut self) -> Id {
-        self.ids.next()
-    }
-
-    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.map.len()
-    }
-
-    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.map.is_empty()
-    }
-}

core/src/lib.rs

@@ -12,8 +12,24 @@
 #![feature(unsize)]
 #![feature(coerce_unsized)]
 
-pub mod layout;
-pub mod render;
+mod attr;
+mod event;
+mod num;
+mod orientation;
+mod primitive;
+mod render;
+mod ui;
+mod widget;
+
 pub mod util;
 
-pub use image;
+pub use attr::*;
+pub use event::*;
+pub use num::*;
+pub use orientation::*;
+pub use primitive::*;
+pub use render::*;
+pub use ui::*;
+pub use widget::*;
+
+pub type UiColor = primitive::Color<u8>;

core/src/num.rs

@@ -23,16 +23,8 @@ impl const UiNum for i32 {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: const UiNum, U: const UiNum> const From<(T, U)> for Vec2
-where
-    (T, U): const Destruct,
-{
-    fn from((x, y): (T, U)) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            x: x.to_f32(),
-            y: y.to_f32(),
-        }
-    }
+pub const fn vec2(x: impl const UiNum, y: impl const UiNum) -> Vec2 {
+    Vec2::new(x.to_f32(), y.to_f32())
 }
 
 impl<T: const UiNum + Copy> const From<T> for Vec2 {
@@ -44,6 +36,14 @@ impl<T: const UiNum + Copy> const From<T> for Vec2 {
     }
 }
 
-pub const fn vec2(x: impl const UiNum, y: impl const UiNum) -> Vec2 {
-    Vec2::new(x.to_f32(), y.to_f32())
+impl<T: const UiNum, U: const UiNum> const From<(T, U)> for Vec2
+where
+    (T, U): const Destruct,
+{
+    fn from((x, y): (T, U)) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            x: x.to_f32(),
+            y: y.to_f32(),
+        }
+    }
 }

core/src/orientation/align.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::layout::vec2;
+use crate::vec2;
 
 use super::*;
 

core/src/orientation/axis.rs

@@ -6,9 +6,6 @@ pub enum Axis {
     Y,
 }
 
-pub trait Axis_ {
-}
-
 impl std::ops::Not for Axis {
     type Output = Self;
 
@@ -71,3 +68,48 @@ impl Vec2 {
         }
     }
 }
+
+pub const trait AxisT {
+    fn get() -> Axis;
+}
+
+pub struct XAxis;
+impl const AxisT for XAxis {
+    fn get() -> Axis {
+        Axis::X
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct YAxis;
+impl const AxisT for YAxis {
+    fn get() -> Axis {
+        Axis::Y
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct BothAxis<T> {
+    pub x: T,
+    pub y: T,
+}
+
+impl<T> BothAxis<T> {
+    pub const fn axis<A: const AxisT>(&mut self) -> &mut T {
+        match A::get() {
+            Axis::X => &mut self.x,
+            Axis::Y => &mut self.y,
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn take_axis<A: const AxisT>(self) -> T {
+        match A::get() {
+            Axis::X => self.x,
+            Axis::Y => self.y,
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn axis_dyn(&mut self, axis: Axis) -> &mut T {
+        match axis {
+            Axis::X => &mut self.x,
+            Axis::Y => &mut self.y,
+        }
+    }
+}

core/src/orientation/len.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use super::*;
-use crate::{layout::UiNum, util::impl_op};
+use crate::{UiNum, util::impl_op};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Size {

core/src/orientation/mod.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ mod axis;
 mod len;
 mod pos;
 
-use super::Vec2;
+use crate::util::Vec2;
+
 pub use align::*;
 pub use axis::*;
 pub use len::*;

core/src/orientation/pos.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::{fmt::Display, hash::Hash, marker::Destruct};
 
 use super::*;
 use crate::{
-    layout::UiNum,
+    UiNum,
     util::{LerpUtil, impl_op},
 };
 

core/src/primitive/color.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-#![allow(clippy::multiple_bound_locations)]
-
 use std::marker::Destruct;
 
 /// stored in linear for sane manipulation
 #[repr(C)]
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, bytemuck::Zeroable, Debug)]
-pub struct Color<T: ColorNum> {
+pub struct Color<T> {
     pub r: T,
     pub g: T,
     pub b: T,

core/src/primitive/layer.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 use std::ops::{Index, IndexMut};
 
-use crate::render::{MaskIdx, Primitive, PrimitiveHandle, PrimitiveInst, Primitives};
+use crate::{
+    render::{MaskIdx, Primitive, PrimitiveHandle, PrimitiveInst, Primitives},
+    util::to_mut,
+};
+
+pub type LayerId = usize;
 
 struct LayerNode<T> {
     next: Ptr,
@@ -49,13 +54,13 @@ impl<T: Default> Layers<T> {
         self.vec.push(LayerNode::head());
     }
 
-    fn push(&mut self, node: LayerNode<T>) -> usize {
+    fn push(&mut self, node: LayerNode<T>) -> LayerId {
         let i = self.vec.len();
         self.vec.push(node);
         i
     }
 
-    pub fn next(&mut self, i: usize) -> usize {
+    pub fn next(&mut self, i: LayerId) -> LayerId {
         if let Ptr::Next(i) = self.vec[i].next {
             return i;
         }
@@ -75,7 +80,7 @@ impl<T: Default> Layers<T> {
         i_new
     }
 
-    pub fn child(&mut self, i: usize) -> usize {
+    pub fn child(&mut self, i: LayerId) -> LayerId {
         if let Some(c) = self.vec[i].child {
             return c.head;
         }
@@ -100,11 +105,11 @@ impl<T: Default> Layers<T> {
         self.vec.iter_mut().map(|n| &mut n.data).enumerate()
     }
 
-    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (usize, &T)> {
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (LayerId, &T)> {
         self.indices().map(|i| (i, &self.vec[i].data))
     }
 
-    pub fn iter_depth(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ((usize, usize), &T)> {
+    pub fn iter_depth(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ((LayerId, usize), &T)> {
         self.indices()
             .map(|i| ((i, self.vec[i].depth), &self.vec[i].data))
     }
@@ -115,7 +120,11 @@ impl<T: Default> Layers<T> {
 }
 
 impl PrimitiveLayers {
-    pub fn write<P: Primitive>(&mut self, layer: usize, info: PrimitiveInst<P>) -> PrimitiveHandle {
+    pub fn write<P: Primitive>(
+        &mut self,
+        layer: LayerId,
+        info: PrimitiveInst<P>,
+    ) -> PrimitiveHandle {
         self[layer].write(layer, info)
     }
 
@@ -130,16 +139,16 @@ impl<T: Default> Default for Layers<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> Index<usize> for Layers<T> {
+impl<T> Index<LayerId> for Layers<T> {
     type Output = T;
 
-    fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &Self::Output {
+    fn index(&self, index: LayerId) -> &Self::Output {
         &self.vec[index].data
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> IndexMut<usize> for Layers<T> {
-    fn index_mut(&mut self, index: usize) -> &mut Self::Output {
+impl<T> IndexMut<LayerId> for Layers<T> {
+    fn index_mut(&mut self, index: LayerId) -> &mut Self::Output {
         &mut self.vec[index].data
     }
 }
@@ -170,8 +179,7 @@ impl<'a, T> Iterator for LayerIteratorMut<'a, T> {
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         let i = self.inner.next()?;
         // SAFETY: requires index iterator to work properly
-        #[allow(mutable_transmutes)]
-        let layer = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<&T, &mut T>(&self.inner.vec[i].data) };
+        let layer = unsafe { to_mut(&self.inner.vec[i].data) };
         Some((i, layer))
     }
 }
@@ -180,8 +188,7 @@ impl<'a, T> DoubleEndedIterator for LayerIteratorMut<'a, T> {
     fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         let i = self.inner.next_back()?;
         // SAFETY: requires index iterator to work properly
-        #[allow(mutable_transmutes)]
-        let layer = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<&T, &mut T>(&self.inner.vec[i].data) };
+        let layer = unsafe { to_mut(&self.inner.vec[i].data) };
         Some((i, layer))
     }
 }

core/src/primitive/text.rs

@@ -1,29 +1,23 @@
-use std::simd::{Simd, num::SimdUint};
-
-use crate::{
-    layout::{Align, RegionAlign, TextureHandle, Textures, UiColor, Vec2},
-    util::Handle,
-};
+use crate::{Align, RegionAlign, TextureHandle, Textures, UiColor, util::Vec2};
 use cosmic_text::{
     Attrs, AttrsList, Buffer, CacheKey, Color, Family, FontSystem, Metrics, Placement, SwashCache,
     SwashContent,
 };
 use image::{GenericImageView, RgbaImage};
+use std::simd::{Simd, num::SimdUint};
 
 /// TODO: properly wrap this
 pub mod text_lib {
     pub use cosmic_text::*;
 }
 
-pub type TextData = Handle<TextDataInner>;
-
-pub struct TextDataInner {
+pub struct TextData {
     pub font_system: FontSystem,
     pub swash_cache: SwashCache,
     glyph_cache: Vec<(Placement, CacheKey, Color)>,
 }
 
-impl Default for TextDataInner {
+impl Default for TextData {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
             font_system: FontSystem::new(),
@@ -64,7 +58,7 @@ pub type TextBuffer = Buffer;
 
 impl Default for TextAttrs {
     fn default() -> Self {
-        let size = 14.0;
+        let size = 16.0;
         Self {
             color: UiColor::WHITE,
             font_size: size,
@@ -78,7 +72,7 @@ impl Default for TextAttrs {
 
 pub const LINE_HEIGHT_MULT: f32 = 1.1;
 
-impl TextDataInner {
+impl TextData {
     pub fn draw(
         &mut self,
         buffer: &mut TextBuffer,

core/src/primitive/texture.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
+use crate::{
+    render::TexturePrimitive,
+    util::{RefCounter, Vec2},
+};
+use image::{DynamicImage, GenericImageView};
 use std::{
     ops::Index,
     sync::mpsc::{Receiver, Sender, channel},
 };
 
-use image::{DynamicImage, GenericImageView};
-
-use crate::{layout::Vec2, render::TexturePrimitive, util::RefCounter};
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct TextureHandle {
     inner: TexturePrimitive,

core/src/render/data.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{layout::UiRegion, util::Id};
+use crate::{UiRegion, util::Id};
 use wgpu::*;
 
 #[repr(C)]

core/src/render/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::num::NonZero;
 
 use crate::{
-    layout::Ui,
+    Ui,
     render::{data::PrimitiveInstance, texture::GpuTextures, util::ArrBuf},
     util::HashMap,
 };
@@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ impl UiRenderNode {
 
     pub fn update(&mut self, device: &Device, queue: &Queue, ui: &mut Ui) {
         self.active.clear();
-        for (i, primitives) in ui.data.layers.iter_mut() {
+        for (i, primitives) in ui.layers.iter_mut() {
             self.active.push(i);
             for change in primitives.apply_free() {
-                if let Some(inst) = ui.data.active.get_mut(&change.id) {
+                if let Some(inst) = ui.active.get_mut(&change.id) {
                     for h in &mut inst.primitives {
                         if h.layer == i && h.inst_idx == change.old {
                             h.inst_idx = change.new;
@@ -101,10 +101,10 @@ impl UiRenderNode {
             }
         }
         let mut changed = false;
-        changed |= self.textures.update(&mut ui.data.textures);
-        if ui.data.masks.changed {
-            ui.data.masks.changed = false;
-            self.masks.update(device, queue, &ui.data.masks[..]);
+        changed |= self.textures.update(&mut ui.textures);
+        if ui.masks.changed {
+            ui.masks.changed = false;
+            self.masks.update(device, queue, &ui.masks[..]);
             changed = true;
         }
         if changed {

core/src/render/primitive.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 
 use crate::{
-    layout::{Color, UiRegion},
+    Color, UiRegion, WidgetId,
     render::{
         ArrBuf,
         data::{MaskIdx, PrimitiveInstance},
     },
-    util::Id,
 };
 use bytemuck::Pod;
 use wgpu::*;
 
 pub struct Primitives {
     instances: Vec<PrimitiveInstance>,
-    assoc: Vec<Id>,
+    assoc: Vec<WidgetId>,
     data: PrimitiveData,
     free: Vec<usize>,
     pub updated: bool,
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ macro_rules! primitives {
 }
 
 pub struct PrimitiveInst<P> {
-    pub id: Id,
+    pub id: WidgetId,
     pub primitive: P,
     pub region: UiRegion,
     pub mask_idx: MaskIdx,
@@ -175,7 +174,7 @@ impl Primitives {
 }
 
 pub struct PrimitiveChange {
-    pub id: Id,
+    pub id: WidgetId,
     pub old: usize,
     pub new: usize,
 }

core/src/render/texture.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use image::{DynamicImage, EncodableLayout};
 use wgpu::{util::DeviceExt, *};
 
-use crate::layout::{TextureUpdate, Textures};
+use crate::{TextureUpdate, Textures};
 
 pub struct GpuTextures {
     device: Device,

core/src/ui/active.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+use crate::{LayerId, MaskIdx, PrimitiveHandle, TextureHandle, UiRegion, WidgetId};
+
+/// important non rendering data for retained drawing
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ActiveData {
+    pub id: WidgetId,
+    pub region: UiRegion,
+    pub parent: Option<WidgetId>,
+    pub textures: Vec<TextureHandle>,
+    pub primitives: Vec<PrimitiveHandle>,
+    pub children: Vec<WidgetId>,
+    pub mask: MaskIdx,
+    pub layer: LayerId,
+}

core/src/ui/cache.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+use crate::{BothAxis, Len, UiVec2, WidgetId, util::HashMap};
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Cache {
+    pub size: BothAxis<HashMap<WidgetId, (UiVec2, Len)>>,
+}
+
+impl Cache {
+    pub fn remove(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
+        self.size.x.remove(&id);
+        self.size.y.remove(&id);
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.size.x.clear();
+        self.size.y.clear();
+    }
+}

core/src/ui/draw_state.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+use crate::{
+    ActiveData, Axis, EventsLike, Painter, SizeCtx, Ui, UiRegion, UiVec2, WidgetId,
+    render::MaskIdx,
+    util::{HashSet, forget_ref},
+};
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+
+/// state maintained between widgets during painting
+pub struct DrawState<'a> {
+    pub(super) ui: &'a mut Ui,
+    pub(super) events: &'a mut dyn EventsLike,
+    draw_started: HashSet<WidgetId>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> DrawState<'a> {
+    pub fn new(ui: &'a mut Ui, events: &'a mut dyn EventsLike) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            ui,
+            events,
+            draw_started: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn redraw_updates(&mut self) {
+        while let Some(&id) = self.widgets.needs_redraw.iter().next() {
+            self.redraw(id);
+        }
+        self.ui.free(self.events);
+    }
+
+    /// redraws a widget that's currently active (drawn)
+    pub fn redraw(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
+        self.widgets.needs_redraw.remove(&id);
+        self.draw_started.remove(&id);
+        // check if parent depends on the desired size of this, if so then redraw it first
+        for axis in [Axis::X, Axis::Y] {
+            if let Some(&(outer, old)) = self.cache.size.axis_dyn(axis).get(&id)
+                && let Some(current) = self.active.get(&id)
+                && let Some(pid) = current.parent
+            {
+                self.cache.size.axis_dyn(axis).remove(&id);
+                let new = self.size_ctx(id, outer).len_axis(id, axis);
+                self.cache.size.axis_dyn(axis).insert(id, (outer, new));
+                if new != old {
+                    self.redraw(pid);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if self.draw_started.contains(&id) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let Some(active) = self.remove(id, false) else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        self.draw_inner(
+            active.layer,
+            id,
+            active.region,
+            active.parent,
+            active.mask,
+            Some(active.children),
+        );
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn size_ctx<'b>(&'b mut self, source: WidgetId, outer: UiVec2) -> SizeCtx<'b> {
+        SizeCtx {
+            source,
+            cache: &mut self.ui.cache,
+            text: &mut self.ui.text,
+            textures: &mut self.ui.textures,
+            widgets: &self.ui.widgets,
+            outer,
+            output_size: self.ui.output_size,
+            id: source,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn redraw_all(&mut self) {
+        // free all resources & cache
+        for (id, active) in self.ui.active.drain() {
+            let data = self.ui.widgets.data(id).unwrap();
+            self.events.undraw(data, &active);
+        }
+        self.ui.cache.clear();
+        self.ui.free(self.events);
+        self.layers.clear();
+        self.widgets.needs_redraw.clear();
+
+        if let Some(id) = &self.ui.root {
+            self.draw_inner(0, id.id(), UiRegion::FULL, None, MaskIdx::NONE, None);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn draw_inner(
+        &mut self,
+        layer: usize,
+        id: WidgetId,
+        region: UiRegion,
+        parent: Option<WidgetId>,
+        mask: MaskIdx,
+        old_children: Option<Vec<WidgetId>>,
+    ) {
+        let mut old_children = old_children.unwrap_or_default();
+        if let Some(active) = self.ui.active.get_mut(&id)
+            && !self.ui.widgets.needs_redraw.contains(&id)
+        {
+            // check to see if we can skip drawing first
+            if active.region == region {
+                return;
+            } else if active.region.size() == region.size() {
+                // TODO: epsilon?
+                let from = active.region;
+                self.mov(id, from, region);
+                return;
+            }
+            // if not, then maintain resize and track old children to remove unneeded
+            let active = self.remove(id, false).unwrap();
+            old_children = active.children;
+        }
+
+        // draw widget
+        self.draw_started.insert(id);
+
+        let mut painter = Painter {
+            state: self,
+            region,
+            mask,
+            layer,
+            id,
+            textures: Vec::new(),
+            primitives: Vec::new(),
+            children: Vec::new(),
+        };
+
+        let mut widget = painter.state.widgets.get_dyn_dynamic(id);
+        widget.draw(&mut painter);
+        drop(widget);
+
+        let Painter {
+            state: _,
+            region,
+            mask,
+            textures,
+            primitives,
+            children,
+            layer,
+            id,
+        } = painter;
+
+        // add to active
+        let active = ActiveData {
+            id,
+            region,
+            parent,
+            textures,
+            primitives,
+            children,
+            mask,
+            layer,
+        };
+
+        // remove old children that weren't kept
+        for c in &old_children {
+            if !active.children.contains(c) {
+                self.remove_rec(*c);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // update modules
+        let data = self.ui.widgets.data(id).unwrap();
+        self.events.draw(data, &active);
+        self.active.insert(id, active);
+    }
+
+    fn mov(&mut self, id: WidgetId, from: UiRegion, to: UiRegion) {
+        let active = self.ui.active.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
+        for h in &active.primitives {
+            let region = self.ui.layers[h.layer].region_mut(h);
+            *region = region.outside(&from).within(&to);
+        }
+        active.region = active.region.outside(&from).within(&to);
+        // SAFETY: children cannot be recursive
+        let children = unsafe { forget_ref(&active.children) };
+        for child in children {
+            self.mov(*child, from, to);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// NOTE: instance textures are cleared and self.textures freed
+    fn remove(&mut self, id: WidgetId, undraw: bool) -> Option<ActiveData> {
+        let mut active = self.active.remove(&id);
+        if let Some(active) = &mut active {
+            for h in &active.primitives {
+                let mask = self.layers.free(h);
+                if mask != MaskIdx::NONE {
+                    self.masks.remove(mask);
+                }
+            }
+            active.textures.clear();
+            self.textures.free();
+            if undraw {
+                let data = self.ui.widgets.data(id).unwrap();
+                self.events.undraw(data, active);
+            }
+        }
+        active
+    }
+
+    fn remove_rec(&mut self, id: WidgetId) -> Option<ActiveData> {
+        self.cache.remove(id);
+        let inst = self.remove(id, true);
+        if let Some(inst) = &inst {
+            for c in &inst.children {
+                self.remove_rec(*c);
+            }
+        }
+        inst
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for DrawState<'_> {
+    type Target = Ui;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        self.ui
+    }
+}
+impl DerefMut for DrawState<'_> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        self.ui
+    }
+}

core/src/ui/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+use crate::{
+    EventsLike, IdLike, Mask, PixelRegion, PrimitiveLayers, TextData, TextureHandle, Textures,
+    Widget, WidgetHandle, WidgetId, Widgets,
+    ui::draw_state::DrawState,
+    util::{HashMap, TrackedArena, Vec2},
+};
+use image::DynamicImage;
+use std::{
+    ops::{Index, IndexMut},
+    sync::mpsc::{Receiver, channel},
+};
+
+mod active;
+mod cache;
+mod draw_state;
+mod painter;
+mod size;
+mod state;
+
+pub use active::*;
+use cache::*;
+pub use painter::Painter;
+pub use size::*;
+
+pub struct Ui {
+    // TODO: edit visibilities
+    pub widgets: Widgets,
+
+    // retained painter state
+    pub active: HashMap<WidgetId, ActiveData>,
+    pub layers: PrimitiveLayers,
+    pub textures: Textures,
+    pub text: TextData,
+    output_size: Vec2,
+    pub masks: TrackedArena<Mask, u32>,
+    pub cache: Cache,
+
+    pub root: Option<WidgetHandle>,
+    old_root: Option<WidgetId>,
+    recv: Receiver<WidgetId>,
+    resized: bool,
+}
+
+pub trait HasUi: Sized {
+    fn get(&self) -> &Ui;
+    fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Ui;
+    fn ui(&self) -> &Ui {
+        self.get()
+    }
+    fn ui_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Ui {
+        self.get_mut()
+    }
+}
+
+impl HasUi for Ui {
+    fn get(&self) -> &Ui {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Ui {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ui {
+    /// useful for debugging
+    pub fn set_label(&mut self, id: impl IdLike, label: String) {
+        self.widgets.data_mut(id.id()).unwrap().label = label;
+    }
+
+    pub fn label(&self, id: impl IdLike) -> &String {
+        &self.widgets.data(id.id()).unwrap().label
+    }
+
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get<I: IdLike>(&self, id: &I) -> Option<&I::Widget>
+    where
+        I::Widget: Sized + Widget,
+    {
+        self.widgets.get(id)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_mut<I: IdLike>(&mut self, id: &I) -> Option<&mut I::Widget>
+    where
+        I::Widget: Sized + Widget,
+    {
+        self.widgets.get_mut(id)
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_texture(&mut self, image: DynamicImage) -> TextureHandle {
+        self.textures.add(image)
+    }
+
+    pub fn resize(&mut self, size: impl Into<Vec2>) {
+        self.output_size = size.into();
+        self.resized = true;
+    }
+
+    pub fn update(&mut self, events: &mut dyn EventsLike) {
+        if !self.widgets.waiting.is_empty() {
+            let len = self.widgets.waiting.len();
+            let all: Vec<_> = self
+                .widgets
+                .waiting
+                .iter()
+                .map(|&w| format!("'{}' ({w:?})", self.label(w)))
+                .collect();
+            panic!(
+                "{len} widget(s) were never upgraded\n\
+                this is likely a memory leak; consider upgrading to strong if you plan on using it later\n\
+                weak widgets: {all:#?}"
+            );
+        }
+        if self.root_changed() {
+            DrawState::new(self, events).redraw_all();
+            self.old_root = self.root.as_ref().map(|r| r.id());
+        } else if self.widgets.has_updates() {
+            DrawState::new(self, events).redraw_updates();
+        }
+        if self.resized {
+            self.resized = false;
+            DrawState::new(self, events).redraw_all();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// free any resources that don't have references anymore
+    fn free(&mut self, events: &mut dyn EventsLike) {
+        for id in self.recv.try_iter() {
+            events.remove(id);
+            self.widgets.delete(id);
+        }
+        self.textures.free();
+    }
+
+    pub fn root_changed(&self) -> bool {
+        self.root.as_ref().map(|r| r.id()) != self.old_root
+    }
+
+    pub fn needs_redraw(&self) -> bool {
+        self.root_changed() || self.widgets.has_updates()
+    }
+
+    pub fn num_widgets(&self) -> usize {
+        self.widgets.len()
+    }
+
+    pub fn active_widgets(&self) -> usize {
+        self.active.len()
+    }
+
+    pub fn debug_layers(&self) {
+        for ((idx, depth), primitives) in self.layers.iter_depth() {
+            let indent = " ".repeat(depth * 2);
+            let len = primitives.instances().len();
+            print!("{indent}{idx}: {len} primitives");
+            if len >= 1 {
+                print!(" ({})", primitives.instances()[0].binding);
+            }
+            println!();
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn window_region(&self, id: &impl IdLike) -> Option<PixelRegion> {
+        let region = self.active.get(&id.id())?.region;
+        Some(region.to_px(self.output_size))
+    }
+
+    pub fn debug(&self, label: &str) -> impl Iterator<Item = &ActiveData> {
+        self.active.iter().filter_map(move |(&id, inst)| {
+            let l = self.widgets.label(id);
+            if l == label { Some(inst) } else { None }
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<I: IdLike> Index<I> for Ui
+where
+    I::Widget: Sized + Widget,
+{
+    type Output = I::Widget;
+
+    fn index(&self, id: I) -> &Self::Output {
+        self.get(&id).unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<I: IdLike> IndexMut<I> for Ui
+where
+    I::Widget: Sized + Widget,
+{
+    fn index_mut(&mut self, id: I) -> &mut Self::Output {
+        self.get_mut(&id).unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Ui {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        let (send, recv) = channel();
+        Self {
+            widgets: Widgets::new(send),
+            active: Default::default(),
+            layers: Default::default(),
+            masks: Default::default(),
+            text: Default::default(),
+            textures: Default::default(),
+            cache: Default::default(),
+            output_size: Vec2::ZERO,
+            root: None,
+            old_root: None,
+            recv,
+            resized: false,
+        }
+    }
+}

core/src/ui/painter.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+use crate::{
+    Axis, Len, RenderedText, Size, SizeCtx, TextAttrs, TextBuffer, TextData, TextureHandle,
+    UiRegion, Widget, WidgetHandle, WidgetId,
+    render::{Mask, MaskIdx, Primitive, PrimitiveHandle, PrimitiveInst},
+    ui::draw_state::DrawState,
+    util::Vec2,
+};
+
+/// makes your surfaces look pretty
+pub struct Painter<'a, 'b> {
+    pub(super) state: &'a mut DrawState<'b>,
+
+    pub(super) region: UiRegion,
+    pub(super) mask: MaskIdx,
+    pub(super) textures: Vec<TextureHandle>,
+    pub(super) primitives: Vec<PrimitiveHandle>,
+    pub(super) children: Vec<WidgetId>,
+    pub layer: usize,
+    pub(super) id: WidgetId,
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'c> Painter<'a, 'c> {
+    fn primitive_at<P: Primitive>(&mut self, primitive: P, region: UiRegion) {
+        let h = self.state.layers.write(
+            self.layer,
+            PrimitiveInst {
+                id: self.id,
+                primitive,
+                region,
+                mask_idx: self.mask,
+            },
+        );
+        if self.mask != MaskIdx::NONE {
+            // TODO: I have no clue if this works at all :joy:
+            self.state.masks.push_ref(self.mask);
+        }
+        self.primitives.push(h);
+    }
+
+    /// Writes a primitive to be rendered
+    pub fn primitive<P: Primitive>(&mut self, primitive: P) {
+        self.primitive_at(primitive, self.region)
+    }
+
+    pub fn primitive_within<P: Primitive>(&mut self, primitive: P, region: UiRegion) {
+        self.primitive_at(primitive, region.within(&self.region));
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_mask(&mut self, region: UiRegion) {
+        assert!(self.mask == MaskIdx::NONE);
+        self.mask = self.state.masks.push(Mask { region });
+    }
+
+    /// Draws a widget within this widget's region.
+    pub fn widget<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &WidgetHandle<W>) {
+        self.widget_at(id, self.region);
+    }
+
+    /// Draws a widget somewhere within this one.
+    /// Useful for drawing child widgets in select areas.
+    pub fn widget_within<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &WidgetHandle<W>, region: UiRegion) {
+        self.widget_at(id, region.within(&self.region));
+    }
+
+    fn widget_at<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &WidgetHandle<W>, region: UiRegion) {
+        self.children.push(id.id());
+        self.state
+            .draw_inner(self.layer, id.id(), region, Some(self.id), self.mask, None);
+    }
+
+    pub fn texture_within(&mut self, handle: &TextureHandle, region: UiRegion) {
+        self.textures.push(handle.clone());
+        self.primitive_at(handle.primitive(), region.within(&self.region));
+    }
+
+    pub fn texture(&mut self, handle: &TextureHandle) {
+        self.textures.push(handle.clone());
+        self.primitive(handle.primitive());
+    }
+
+    pub fn texture_at(&mut self, handle: &TextureHandle, region: UiRegion) {
+        self.textures.push(handle.clone());
+        self.primitive_at(handle.primitive(), region);
+    }
+
+    /// returns (handle, offset from top left)
+    pub fn render_text(&mut self, buffer: &mut TextBuffer, attrs: &TextAttrs) -> RenderedText {
+        self.state
+            .ui
+            .text
+            .draw(buffer, attrs, &mut self.state.ui.textures)
+    }
+
+    pub fn region(&self) -> UiRegion {
+        self.region
+    }
+
+    pub fn size<W: ?Sized + Widget>(&mut self, id: &WidgetHandle<W>) -> Size {
+        self.size_ctx().size(id)
+    }
+
+    pub fn len_axis<W: ?Sized + Widget>(&mut self, id: &WidgetHandle<W>, axis: Axis) -> Len {
+        match axis {
+            Axis::X => self.size_ctx().width(id),
+            Axis::Y => self.size_ctx().height(id),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn output_size(&self) -> Vec2 {
+        self.state.output_size
+    }
+
+    pub fn px_size(&mut self) -> Vec2 {
+        self.region.size().to_abs(self.state.output_size)
+    }
+
+    pub fn text_data(&mut self) -> &mut TextData {
+        &mut self.state.text
+    }
+
+    pub fn child_layer(&mut self) {
+        self.layer = self.state.layers.child(self.layer);
+    }
+
+    pub fn next_layer(&mut self) {
+        self.layer = self.state.layers.next(self.layer);
+    }
+
+    pub fn label(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.state.widgets.data(self.id).unwrap().label
+    }
+
+    pub fn id(&self) -> &WidgetId {
+        &self.id
+    }
+
+    pub fn size_ctx(&mut self) -> SizeCtx<'_> {
+        self.state.size_ctx(self.id, self.region.size())
+    }
+}

core/src/ui/size.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+use crate::{
+    Axis, AxisT, IdLike, Len, RenderedText, Size, TextAttrs, TextBuffer, TextData, Textures,
+    UiVec2, WidgetAxisFns, WidgetId, Widgets, XAxis, YAxis, ui::cache::Cache, util::Vec2,
+};
+
+pub struct SizeCtx<'a> {
+    pub text: &'a mut TextData,
+    pub textures: &'a mut Textures,
+    pub(super) source: WidgetId,
+    pub(super) widgets: &'a Widgets,
+    pub(super) cache: &'a mut Cache,
+    /// TODO: should this be pub? rn used for sized
+    pub outer: UiVec2,
+    pub(super) output_size: Vec2,
+    pub(super) id: WidgetId,
+}
+
+impl SizeCtx<'_> {
+    pub fn id(&self) -> &WidgetId {
+        &self.id
+    }
+
+    pub fn source(&self) -> &WidgetId {
+        &self.source
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn len_inner<A: const AxisT>(&mut self, id: WidgetId) -> Len {
+        if let Some((_, len)) = self.cache.size.axis::<A>().get(&id) {
+            return *len;
+        }
+        let len = self
+            .widgets
+            .get_dyn_dynamic(id)
+            .desired_len::<A>(&mut SizeCtx {
+                text: self.text,
+                textures: self.textures,
+                source: self.source,
+                widgets: self.widgets,
+                cache: self.cache,
+                outer: self.outer,
+                output_size: self.output_size,
+                id,
+            });
+        self.cache.size.axis::<A>().insert(id, (self.outer, len));
+        len
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&mut self, id: impl IdLike) -> Len {
+        self.len_inner::<XAxis>(id.id())
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&mut self, id: impl IdLike) -> Len {
+        self.len_inner::<YAxis>(id.id())
+    }
+
+    pub fn len_axis(&mut self, id: impl IdLike, axis: Axis) -> Len {
+        match axis {
+            Axis::X => self.width(id),
+            Axis::Y => self.height(id),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn size(&mut self, id: impl IdLike) -> Size {
+        let id = id.id();
+        Size {
+            x: self.width(id),
+            y: self.height(id),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn px_size(&mut self) -> Vec2 {
+        self.outer.to_abs(self.output_size)
+    }
+
+    pub fn output_size(&mut self) -> Vec2 {
+        self.output_size
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw_text(&mut self, buffer: &mut TextBuffer, attrs: &TextAttrs) -> RenderedText {
+        self.text.draw(buffer, attrs, self.textures)
+    }
+
+    pub fn label(&self, id: WidgetId) -> &String {
+        self.widgets.label(id)
+    }
+}

core/src/ui/state.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// pub struct DynState {
+//
+// }

core/src/util/borrow.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+
+pub struct DynBorrower<'a, T: ?Sized> {
+    data: &'a mut T,
+    borrowed: &'a mut bool,
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: ?Sized> DynBorrower<'a, T> {
+    pub fn new(data: &'a mut T, borrowed: &'a mut bool) -> Self {
+        if *borrowed {
+            panic!("tried to mutably borrow the same thing twice");
+        }
+        Self { data, borrowed }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: ?Sized> Drop for DynBorrower<'_, T> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        *self.borrowed = false;
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: ?Sized> Deref for DynBorrower<'_, T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        self.data
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: ?Sized> DerefMut for DynBorrower<'_, T> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        self.data
+    }
+}

core/src/util/handle.rs

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-use std::{
-    cell::{Ref, RefCell, RefMut},
-    marker::Unsize,
-    ops::CoerceUnsized,
-    rc::{Rc, Weak},
-};
-
-pub struct Handle<T: ?Sized>(Rc<RefCell<T>>);
-pub struct WeakHandle<T: ?Sized>(Weak<RefCell<T>>);
-
-impl<T: ?Sized> Handle<T> {
-    pub fn get(&self) -> Ref<'_, T> {
-        self.0.borrow()
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_mut(&self) -> RefMut<'_, T> {
-        self.0.borrow_mut()
-    }
-
-    pub fn refs(&self) -> usize {
-        Rc::strong_count(&self.0)
-    }
-
-    pub fn weak(&self) -> WeakHandle<T> {
-        WeakHandle(Rc::downgrade(&self.0))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: ?Sized> WeakHandle<T> {
-    pub fn strong(&self) -> Option<Handle<T>> {
-        Some(Handle(self.0.upgrade()?))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: ?Sized> Clone for Handle<T> {
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        Self(self.0.clone())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: ?Sized> Clone for WeakHandle<T> {
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        Self(self.0.clone())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: Default> Default for Handle<T> {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self(Default::default())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> From<T> for Handle<T> {
-    fn from(value: T) -> Self {
-        Self(Rc::new(RefCell::new(value)))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: ?Sized + Unsize<U>, U: ?Sized> CoerceUnsized<Handle<U>> for Handle<T> {}
-impl<T: ?Sized + Unsize<U>, U: ?Sized> CoerceUnsized<WeakHandle<U>> for WeakHandle<T> {}

core/src/util/mod.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
 mod arena;
+mod borrow;
 mod change;
-mod handle;
 mod id;
 mod math;
 mod refcount;
+mod slot;
+mod trust;
+mod typemap;
 mod vec2;
 
 pub use arena::*;
+pub use borrow::*;
 pub use change::*;
-pub use handle::*;
 pub use id::*;
 pub use math::*;
 pub use refcount::*;
+pub use slot::*;
+pub use trust::*;
+pub use typemap::*;
 pub use vec2::*;
 
 pub type HashMap<K, V> = fxhash::FxHashMap<K, V>;

core/src/util/refcount.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ impl RefCounter {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self(Arc::new(0.into()))
     }
-    #[allow(unused)]
     pub fn refs(&self) -> u32 {
         self.0.load(Ordering::Acquire)
     }
@@ -18,12 +17,17 @@ impl RefCounter {
         let refs = self.0.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Release);
         refs == 0
     }
-    #[allow(unused)]
     pub fn quiet_clone(&self) -> Self {
         Self(self.0.clone())
     }
 }
 
+impl Default for RefCounter {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
 impl Clone for RefCounter {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
         self.0.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Release);

core/src/util/slot.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct SlotId {
+    idx: u32,
+    genr: u32,
+}
+
+pub struct SlotVec<T> {
+    data: Vec<(u32, Option<T>)>,
+    free: Vec<u32>,
+}
+
+impl<T> SlotVec<T> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            data: Default::default(),
+            free: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn add(&mut self, x: T) -> SlotId {
+        if let Some(idx) = self.free.pop() {
+            let (genr, data) = &mut self.data[idx as usize];
+            *data = Some(x);
+            SlotId { idx, genr: *genr }
+        } else {
+            let idx = self.data.len() as u32;
+            let genr = 0;
+            self.data.push((genr, Some(x)));
+            SlotId { idx, genr }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn free(&mut self, id: SlotId) {
+        let (genr, data) = &mut self.data[id.idx as usize];
+        *genr += 1;
+        *data = None;
+        self.free.push(id.idx);
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(&self, id: SlotId) -> Option<&T> {
+        let slot = &self.data[id.idx as usize];
+        if slot.0 != id.genr {
+            return None;
+        }
+        slot.1.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_mut(&mut self, id: SlotId) -> Option<&mut T> {
+        let slot = &mut self.data[id.idx as usize];
+        if slot.0 != id.genr {
+            return None;
+        }
+        slot.1.as_mut()
+    }
+
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.data.len() - self.free.len()
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.len() == 0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Default for SlotVec<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}

core/src/util/trust.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#[allow(clippy::missing_safety_doc)]
+pub unsafe fn forget_ref<'a, T>(x: &T) -> &'a T {
+    unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<&T, &T>(x) }
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::missing_safety_doc)]
+pub unsafe fn forget_mut<'a, T>(x: &mut T) -> &'a mut T {
+    unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<&mut T, &mut T>(x) }
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::mut_from_ref, clippy::missing_safety_doc)]
+pub unsafe fn to_mut<T>(x: &T) -> &mut T {
+    #[allow(mutable_transmutes)]
+    unsafe {
+        std::mem::transmute::<&T, &mut T>(x)
+    }
+}

core/src/util/typemap.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+use crate::util::HashMap;
+use std::{
+    any::TypeId,
+    marker::Unsize,
+    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
+};
+
+pub struct TypeMap<Trait: ?Sized> {
+    map: HashMap<TypeId, Box<Trait>>,
+}
+
+impl<Trait: ?Sized> TypeMap<Trait> {
+    pub fn set_type<T: Unsize<Trait> + 'static>(&mut self, val: T) {
+        self.map
+            .insert(TypeId::of::<T>(), Box::new(val) as Box<Trait>);
+    }
+
+    pub fn type_mut<T: Unsize<Trait> + 'static>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> {
+        Some(Self::convert_mut(self.map.get_mut(&TypeId::of::<T>())?))
+    }
+
+    pub fn type_or_default<T: Default + Unsize<Trait> + 'static>(&mut self) -> &mut T {
+        Self::convert_mut(
+            self.map
+                .entry(TypeId::of::<T>())
+                .or_insert(Box::new(T::default()) as Box<Trait>),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn convert_mut<T: Unsize<Trait>>(entry: &mut Box<Trait>) -> &mut T {
+        // allegedly this is just what Any does...
+        unsafe { &mut *(entry.as_mut() as *mut Trait as *mut T) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: ?Sized> Deref for TypeMap<T> {
+    type Target = HashMap<TypeId, Box<T>>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.map
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: ?Sized> DerefMut for TypeMap<T> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        &mut self.map
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: ?Sized> Default for TypeMap<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            map: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}

core/src/widget/data.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+use std::any::TypeId;
+
+use crate::{Widget, util::HashSet};
+
+pub struct WidgetData {
+    pub widget: Box<dyn Widget>,
+    pub label: String,
+    pub event_mgrs: HashSet<TypeId>,
+    /// dynamic borrow checking
+    pub borrowed: bool,
+}
+
+impl WidgetData {
+    pub fn new<W: Widget>(widget: W) -> Self {
+        let mut label = std::any::type_name::<W>().to_string();
+        if let (Some(first), Some(last)) = (label.find(":"), label.rfind(":")) {
+            label = label.split_at(first).0.to_string() + "::" + label.split_at(last + 1).1;
+        }
+        Self {
+            widget: Box::new(widget),
+            label,
+            borrowed: false,
+            event_mgrs: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}

core/src/widget/handle.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+use std::{marker::Unsize, ops::CoerceUnsized, sync::mpsc::Sender};
+
+use crate::{
+    HasUi, Widget,
+    util::{RefCounter, SlotId},
+};
+
+pub type WidgetId = SlotId;
+
+/// An identifier for a widget that can index a UI or event ctx to get it.
+/// This is a strong handle that does not impl Clone, and when it is dropped,
+/// a signal is sent to the owning UI to clean up the resources.
+///
+/// TODO: ergonomic clones when they get put in rust-analyzer & don't cause ICEs?
+pub struct WidgetHandle<W: ?Sized = dyn Widget> {
+    pub(super) id: WidgetId,
+    counter: RefCounter,
+    send: Sender<WidgetId>,
+    ty: *const W,
+}
+
+/// A weak handle to a widget.
+/// Will not keep it alive, but can still be used for indexing like WidgetHandle.
+pub struct WidgetRef<W: ?Sized = dyn Widget> {
+    pub(super) id: WidgetId,
+    #[allow(unused)]
+    ty: *const W,
+}
+
+pub struct WidgetHandles<W: ?Sized = dyn Widget> {
+    pub h: WidgetHandle<W>,
+    pub r: WidgetRef<W>,
+}
+
+impl<W: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>> WidgetHandle<W> {
+    pub fn any(self) -> WidgetHandle<dyn Widget> {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W: ?Sized> WidgetHandle<W> {
+    pub(crate) fn new(id: WidgetId, send: Sender<WidgetId>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id,
+            counter: RefCounter::new(),
+            send,
+            ty: null_ptr(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn id(&self) -> WidgetId {
+        self.id
+    }
+
+    pub fn refs(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.counter.refs()
+    }
+
+    pub fn weak(&self) -> WidgetRef<W> {
+        let Self { ty, id, .. } = *self;
+        WidgetRef { ty, id }
+    }
+
+    pub fn handles(self) -> WidgetHandles<W> {
+        let r = self.weak();
+        WidgetHandles { h: self, r }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W: ?Sized> WidgetRef<W> {
+    pub(crate) fn new(id: WidgetId) -> Self {
+        Self { id, ty: null_ptr() }
+    }
+
+    pub fn id(&self) -> WidgetId {
+        self.id
+    }
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn upgrade(self, ui: &mut impl HasUi) -> WidgetHandle<W> {
+        ui.ui_mut().widgets.upgrade(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W: ?Sized> Drop for WidgetHandle<W> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if self.counter.drop() {
+            let _ = self.send.send(self.id);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait WidgetIdFn<State, W: ?Sized = dyn Widget>: FnOnce(&mut State) -> WidgetRef<W> {}
+impl<State, W: ?Sized, F: FnOnce(&mut State) -> WidgetRef<W>> WidgetIdFn<State, W> for F {}
+
+pub trait IdLike {
+    type Widget: ?Sized;
+    fn id(&self) -> WidgetId;
+}
+
+impl<W: ?Sized> IdLike for &WidgetHandle<W> {
+    type Widget = W;
+    fn id(&self) -> WidgetId {
+        self.id
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W: ?Sized> IdLike for WidgetHandle<W> {
+    type Widget = W;
+    fn id(&self) -> WidgetId {
+        self.id
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W: ?Sized> IdLike for WidgetRef<W> {
+    type Widget = W;
+    fn id(&self) -> WidgetId {
+        self.id
+    }
+}
+
+impl IdLike for WidgetId {
+    type Widget = dyn Widget;
+    fn id(&self) -> WidgetId {
+        *self
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: ?Sized + Unsize<U>, U: ?Sized> CoerceUnsized<WidgetHandle<U>> for WidgetHandle<T> {}
+impl<T: ?Sized + Unsize<U>, U: ?Sized> CoerceUnsized<WidgetRef<U>> for WidgetRef<T> {}
+
+impl<W: ?Sized> Clone for WidgetRef<W> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        *self
+    }
+}
+impl<W: ?Sized> Copy for WidgetRef<W> {}
+impl<W: ?Sized> PartialEq for WidgetRef<W> {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.id == other.id
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W> PartialEq for WidgetHandle<W> {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.id == other.id
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W> std::fmt::Debug for WidgetHandle<W> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        self.id.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, W: Widget + 'a, State: HasUi> FnOnce<(&'a mut State,)> for WidgetRef<W> {
+    type Output = &'a mut W;
+
+    extern "rust-call" fn call_once(self, args: (&'a mut State,)) -> Self::Output {
+        &mut args.0.ui_mut()[self]
+    }
+}
+
+fn null_ptr<W: ?Sized>() -> *const W {
+    if size_of::<&W>() == size_of::<*const dyn Widget>() {
+        let w: *const dyn Widget = &();
+        unsafe { std::mem::transmute_copy(&w) }
+    } else {
+        unsafe { std::mem::transmute_copy(&[0usize; 1]) }
+    }
+}

core/src/widget/like.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+use crate::{HasUi, Ui};
+
+use super::*;
+use std::marker::Unsize;
+
+pub trait StateLike<State> {
+    fn as_state(&mut self) -> &mut State;
+}
+
+impl StateLike<Ui> for Ui {
+    fn as_state(&mut self) -> &mut Ui {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait WidgetLike<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, Tag>: Sized {
+    type Widget: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>;
+
+    fn add(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetRef<Self::Widget>;
+
+    fn add_strong(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetHandle<Self::Widget> {
+        self.add(state).upgrade(state.as_state().ui_mut())
+    }
+
+    fn with_id<W2>(
+        self,
+        f: impl FnOnce(&mut State, WidgetRef<Self::Widget>) -> WidgetRef<W2>,
+    ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State, W2> {
+        move |state| {
+            let id = self.add(state);
+            f(state, id)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_root(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) {
+        let id = self.add(state);
+        let ui = state.as_state().ui_mut();
+        ui.root = Some(id.upgrade(ui));
+    }
+
+    fn handles(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetHandles<Self::Widget> {
+        self.add(state).upgrade(state.as_state().ui_mut()).handles()
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait WidgetArrLike<State, const LEN: usize, Tag> {
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn add(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetArr<LEN>;
+}
+
+impl<State, const LEN: usize> WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, ArrTag> for WidgetArr<LEN> {
+    fn add(self, _: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetArr<LEN> {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+// variadic generics please save us
+macro_rules! impl_widget_arr {
+    ($n:expr;$($W:ident)*) => {
+        impl_widget_arr!($n;$($W)*;$(${concat($W,Tag)})*);
+    };
+    ($n:expr;$($W:ident)*;$($Tag:ident)*) => {
+        impl<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, $($W: WidgetLike<State, $Tag>,$Tag,)*> WidgetArrLike<State, $n, ($($Tag,)*)> for ($($W,)*) {
+            fn add(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetArr<$n> {
+                #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+                let ($($W,)*) = self;
+                WidgetArr::new(
+                    [$($W.add(state).upgrade(state.as_state().ui_mut()),)*],
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+impl_widget_arr!(1;A);
+impl_widget_arr!(2;A B);
+impl_widget_arr!(3;A B C);
+impl_widget_arr!(4;A B C D);
+impl_widget_arr!(5;A B C D E);
+impl_widget_arr!(6;A B C D E F);
+impl_widget_arr!(7;A B C D E F G);
+impl_widget_arr!(8;A B C D E F G H);
+impl_widget_arr!(9;A B C D E F G H I);
+impl_widget_arr!(10;A B C D E F G H I J);
+impl_widget_arr!(11;A B C D E F G H I J K);
+impl_widget_arr!(12;A B C D E F G H I J K L);

core/src/widget/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+use crate::{Axis, AxisT, Len, Painter, SizeCtx};
+use std::any::Any;
+
+mod data;
+mod handle;
+mod like;
+mod tag;
+mod widgets;
+
+pub use data::*;
+pub use handle::*;
+pub use like::*;
+pub use tag::*;
+pub use widgets::*;
+
+pub trait Widget: Any {
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter);
+    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len;
+    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len;
+}
+
+pub trait WidgetAxisFns {
+    fn desired_len<A: AxisT>(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len;
+}
+
+impl<W: Widget + ?Sized> WidgetAxisFns for W {
+    fn desired_len<A: AxisT>(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
+        match A::get() {
+            Axis::X => self.desired_width(ctx),
+            Axis::Y => self.desired_height(ctx),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Widget for () {
+    fn draw(&mut self, _: &mut Painter) {}
+    fn desired_width(&mut self, _: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
+        Len::ZERO
+    }
+    fn desired_height(&mut self, _: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
+        Len::ZERO
+    }
+}
+
+impl dyn Widget {
+    pub fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// A function that returns a widget given a UI.
+/// Useful for defining trait functions on widgets that create a parent widget so that the children
+/// don't need to be IDs yet
+pub trait WidgetFn<State, W: Widget + ?Sized>: FnOnce(&mut State) -> W {}
+impl<State, W: Widget + ?Sized, F: FnOnce(&mut State) -> W> WidgetFn<State, W> for F {}
+
+pub struct WidgetArr<const LEN: usize> {
+    pub arr: [WidgetHandle; LEN],
+}
+
+impl<const LEN: usize> WidgetArr<LEN> {
+    pub fn new(arr: [WidgetHandle; LEN]) -> Self {
+        Self { arr }
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait WidgetOption<State> {
+    fn get(self, state: &mut State) -> Option<WidgetHandle>;
+}
+
+impl<State> WidgetOption<State> for () {
+    fn get(self, _: &mut State) -> Option<WidgetHandle> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+impl<State, F: FnOnce(&mut State) -> Option<WidgetHandle>> WidgetOption<State> for F {
+    fn get(self, state: &mut State) -> Option<WidgetHandle> {
+        self(state)
+    }
+}

core/src/widget/tag.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+use super::*;
+use crate::HasUi;
+use std::marker::Unsize;
+
+pub struct WidgetTag;
+impl<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, W: Widget> WidgetLike<State, WidgetTag> for W {
+    type Widget = W;
+    fn add(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetRef<W> {
+        state.as_state().get_mut().widgets.add_weak(self)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct FnTag;
+impl<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, W: Widget, F: FnOnce(&mut State) -> W>
+    WidgetLike<State, FnTag> for F
+{
+    type Widget = W;
+    fn add(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetRef<W> {
+        self(state.as_state()).add(state)
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait WidgetFnTrait<State> {
+    type Widget: Widget;
+    fn run(self, state: &mut State) -> Self::Widget;
+}
+pub struct FnTraitTag;
+impl<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, T: WidgetFnTrait<State>> WidgetLike<State, FnTraitTag> for T {
+    type Widget = T::Widget;
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn add(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetRef<T::Widget> {
+        self.run(state.as_state()).add(state)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct IdTag;
+impl<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, W: ?Sized + Widget + Unsize<dyn Widget>>
+    WidgetLike<State, IdTag> for WidgetRef<W>
+{
+    type Widget = W;
+    fn add(self, _: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetRef<W> {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct IdFnTag;
+impl<
+    State: HasUi + StateLike<State>,
+    W: ?Sized + Widget + Unsize<dyn Widget>,
+    F: FnOnce(&mut State) -> WidgetRef<W>,
+> WidgetLike<State, IdFnTag> for F
+{
+    type Widget = W;
+    fn add(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetRef<W> {
+        self(state.as_state())
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ArrTag;

core/src/widget/widgets.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+use std::sync::mpsc::Sender;
+
+use crate::{
+    IdLike, Widget, WidgetData, WidgetHandle, WidgetId, WidgetRef,
+    util::{DynBorrower, HashSet, SlotVec, forget_mut, to_mut},
+};
+
+pub struct Widgets {
+    pub needs_redraw: HashSet<WidgetId>,
+    vec: SlotVec<WidgetData>,
+    send: Sender<WidgetId>,
+    pub(crate) waiting: HashSet<WidgetId>,
+}
+
+impl Widgets {
+    pub fn new(send: Sender<WidgetId>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            needs_redraw: Default::default(),
+            vec: Default::default(),
+            waiting: Default::default(),
+            send,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn has_updates(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.needs_redraw.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_dyn(&self, id: WidgetId) -> Option<&dyn Widget> {
+        Some(self.vec.get(id)?.widget.as_ref())
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_dyn_mut(&mut self, id: WidgetId) -> Option<&mut dyn Widget> {
+        self.needs_redraw.insert(id);
+        Some(self.vec.get_mut(id)?.widget.as_mut())
+    }
+
+    /// get_dyn but dynamic borrow checking of widgets
+    /// lets you do recursive (tree) operations, like the painter does
+    pub(crate) fn get_dyn_dynamic<'a>(&self, id: WidgetId) -> WidgetWrapper<'a> {
+        // SAFETY: must guarantee no other mutable references to this widget exist
+        // done through the borrow variable
+        let data = unsafe { forget_mut(to_mut(self.vec.get(id).unwrap())) };
+        if data.borrowed {
+            panic!("tried to mutably borrow the same widget twice");
+        }
+        WidgetWrapper::new(data.widget.as_mut(), &mut data.borrowed)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get<I: IdLike>(&self, id: &I) -> Option<&I::Widget>
+    where
+        I::Widget: Sized + Widget,
+    {
+        self.get_dyn(id.id())?.as_any().downcast_ref()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_mut<I: IdLike>(&mut self, id: &I) -> Option<&mut I::Widget>
+    where
+        I::Widget: Sized + Widget,
+    {
+        self.get_dyn_mut(id.id())?.as_any_mut().downcast_mut()
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_strong<W: Widget>(&mut self, widget: W) -> WidgetHandle<W> {
+        let id = self.vec.add(WidgetData::new(widget));
+        WidgetHandle::new(id, self.send.clone())
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_weak<W: Widget>(&mut self, widget: W) -> WidgetRef<W> {
+        let id = self.vec.add(WidgetData::new(widget));
+        self.waiting.insert(id);
+        WidgetRef::new(id)
+    }
+
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn upgrade<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, rf: WidgetRef<W>) -> WidgetHandle<W> {
+        if !self.waiting.remove(&rf.id()) {
+            let label = self.label(rf);
+            let id = rf.id();
+            panic!("widget '{label}' ({id:?}) was already added\ncannot add a widget twice; consider creating two")
+        }
+        WidgetHandle::new(rf.id(), self.send.clone())
+    }
+
+    pub fn data(&self, id: impl IdLike) -> Option<&WidgetData> {
+        self.vec.get(id.id())
+    }
+
+    pub fn label(&self, id: impl IdLike) -> &String {
+        &self.data(id.id()).unwrap().label
+    }
+
+    pub fn data_mut(&mut self, id: impl IdLike) -> Option<&mut WidgetData> {
+        self.vec.get_mut(id.id())
+    }
+
+    pub fn delete(&mut self, id: impl IdLike) {
+        self.vec.free(id.id());
+        // not sure if there's any point in this
+        // self.updates.remove(&id);
+    }
+
+    #[allow(clippy::len_without_is_empty)]
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.vec.len()
+    }
+}
+
+pub type WidgetWrapper<'a> = DynBorrower<'a, dyn Widget>;

examples/minimal.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
-use iris::{prelude::*};
+use iris::prelude::*;
 
 fn main() {
-    DefaultApp::<State>::run();
+    App::<State>::run();
 }
 
-struct State;
+#[default_ui_state]
+struct State {}
 
 impl DefaultAppState for State {
-    fn new(ui: &mut Ui, _state: &UiState, _proxy: Proxy<Self::Event>) -> Self {
-        rect(Color::RED).set_root(ui);
-        Self
+    fn new(ui_state: DefaultUiState, _proxy: Proxy<Self::Event>) -> Self {
+        let mut ui = Ui::new();
+        rect(Color::RED).set_root(&mut ui);
+        Self {
+            ui,
+            ui_state,
+            events: EventManager::default(),
+        }
     }
 }

macro/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ version.workspace = true
 edition.workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
+proc-macro2 = "1.0.103"
 quote = "1.0.42"
 syn = { version = "2.0.111", features = ["full"] }
 

macro/src/lib.rs

@@ -2,14 +2,18 @@ extern crate proc_macro;
 use proc_macro::TokenStream;
 use quote::quote;
 use syn::{
-    Block, Ident, Signature, Token, Visibility,
+    Attribute, Block, Error, Fields, FieldsNamed, GenericParam, Generics, Ident, ItemStruct,
+    ItemTrait, Meta, Signature, Token, Visibility,
     parse::{Parse, ParseStream, Result},
-    parse_macro_input,
+    parse_macro_input, parse_quote,
+    spanned::Spanned,
 };
 
 struct Input {
+    attrs: Vec<Attribute>,
     vis: Visibility,
     name: Ident,
+    generics: Generics,
     fns: Vec<InputFn>,
 }
 
@@ -20,9 +24,11 @@ struct InputFn {
 
 impl Parse for Input {
     fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> Result<Self> {
+        let attrs = input.call(Attribute::parse_outer)?;
         let vis = input.parse()?;
         input.parse::<Token![trait]>()?;
         let name = input.parse()?;
+        let generics = input.parse::<Generics>()?;
         input.parse::<Token![;]>()?;
         let mut fns = Vec::new();
         while !input.is_empty() {
@@ -33,27 +39,25 @@ impl Parse for Input {
         if !input.is_empty() {
             input.error("function expected");
         }
-        Ok(Input { vis, name, fns })
+        Ok(Input {
+            attrs,
+            vis,
+            name,
+            generics,
+            fns,
+        })
     }
 }
 
-// pub trait $name<W: WidgetLike<Tag>, Tag> {
-//     $(
-//     fn $fn $(<$($T $(: $TT $(+ $TL)?)?,)*>)?($self $(, $arg: $ty)*) -> $ret;
-//     )*
-// }
-//
-// impl<W: WidgetLike<Tag>, Tag> $name<W, Tag> for W {
-//     $(
-//     fn $fn $(<$($T $(: $TT $(+ $TL)?)?,)*>)?($self $(, $arg: $ty)*) -> $ret {
-//         $code
-//     }
-//     )*
-// }
-
 #[proc_macro]
 pub fn widget_trait(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
-    let Input { vis, name, fns } = parse_macro_input!(input as Input);
+    let Input {
+        attrs,
+        vis,
+        name,
+        mut generics,
+        fns,
+    } = parse_macro_input!(input as Input);
 
     let sigs: Vec<_> = fns.iter().map(|f| f.sig.clone()).collect();
     let impls: Vec<_> = fns
@@ -61,13 +65,128 @@ pub fn widget_trait(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
         .map(|InputFn { sig, body }| quote! { #sig #body })
         .collect();
 
-    TokenStream::from(quote! {
-        #vis trait #name<WL: WidgetLike<Tag>, Tag> {
+    let Some(GenericParam::Type(state)) = generics.params.first() else {
+        return Error::new(name.span(), "expected state generic parameter")
+            .into_compile_error()
+            .into();
+    };
+
+    let state = &state.ident;
+
+    generics
+        .params
+        .push(parse_quote!(WL: WidgetLike<#state, Tag>));
+    generics.params.push(parse_quote!(Tag));
+
+    let mut trai: ItemTrait = parse_quote!(
+        #vis trait #name #generics {
             #(#sigs;)*
         }
+    );
 
-        impl<WL: WidgetLike<Tag>, Tag> #name<WL, Tag> for WL {
+    trai.attrs = attrs;
+
+    quote! {
+        #trai
+
+        impl #generics #name<State, WL, Tag> for WL {
             #(#impls)*
         }
-    })
+    }
+    .into()
+}
+
+#[proc_macro_derive(UiState, attributes(rsc))]
+pub fn derive_ui_state(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    let mut output = proc_macro2::TokenStream::new();
+
+    let state: ItemStruct = parse_macro_input!(input);
+    let sname = state.ident;
+    let rscname = Ident::new(&(sname.to_string() + "Rsc"), sname.span());
+    let mut rsc_fields = Vec::new();
+
+    for field in state.fields {
+        let Some(attr) = field.attrs.iter().find(|a| a.path().is_ident("rsc")) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let Meta::List(list) = &attr.meta else {
+            output.extend(Error::new(attr.span(), "invalid attr syntax").into_compile_error());
+            continue;
+        };
+        let tname: Ident = match list.parse_args::<Ident>() {
+            Ok(ident) => ident,
+            Err(err) => {
+                output.extend(err.to_compile_error());
+                continue;
+            }
+        };
+        let fty = &field.ty;
+        let fname = &field.ident.unwrap();
+        rsc_fields.extend(quote! {#fname: #fty,});
+        output.extend(quote! {
+            impl #tname for #sname {
+                fn get(&self) -> &#fty {
+                    &self.#fname
+                }
+                fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut #fty {
+                    &mut self.#fname
+                }
+            }
+            impl #tname for #rscname {
+                fn get(&self) -> &#fty {
+                    &self.#fname
+                }
+                fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut #fty {
+                    &mut self.#fname
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    let vis = state.vis;
+    output.extend(quote! {
+        #vis struct #rscname {
+            #(#rsc_fields)*
+        }
+
+        impl HasState for #sname {
+            type State = #sname;
+        }
+
+        impl HasState for #rscname {
+            type State = #sname;
+        }
+
+        impl StateLike<#sname> for #sname {
+            fn as_state(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+                self
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl StateLike<#rscname> for #rscname {
+            fn as_state(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+                self
+            }
+        }
+    });
+    output.into()
+}
+
+#[proc_macro_attribute]
+pub fn default_ui_state(_attr: TokenStream, input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    let mut state: ItemStruct = parse_macro_input!(input);
+    let Fields::Named(fields) = &mut state.fields else {
+        panic!("must be on named fields struct");
+    };
+    let name = &state.ident;
+    state.attrs.push(parse_quote! {#[derive(UiState)]});
+    let new: FieldsNamed = parse_quote! {{
+        #[rsc(HasUi)]
+        pub ui: Ui,
+        #[rsc(HasDefaultUiState)]
+        pub ui_state: DefaultUiState,
+        #[rsc(HasEvents)]
+        pub events: iris::prelude::EventManager<#name>,
+    }};
+    fields.named.extend(new.named);
+    quote! {#state}.into()
 }

readme.md

@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
 # iris
 
-my fisrt attempt at a rust ui library
+My experimental attempt at a rust ui library (also my first ui library).
 
-it's called iris because it's the structure around what you actually want to display and colorful
+It's currently designed around using retained data structures (widgets), rather than diffing generated trees from data like xilem or iced. This is an experiment and I'm not sure if it's a good idea or not.
 
-there's a `main.rs` that runs a testing window, so can just `cargo run` to see it working
+There's a `main.rs` that runs a testing window, so you can just `cargo run` to see it working.
 
-goals, in general order:
+Goals, in general order:
 1. does what I want it to (text, images, video, animations)
 2. very easy to use ignoring ergonomic ref counting
 3. reasonably fast / efficient (a lot faster than electron, save battery life)
 
-not targeting web rn cause wanna use actual nice gpu features & entire point of this is to make desktop apps
+## dev details
+
+not targeting web rn cause wanna use actual nice gpu features & entire point of this is to make desktop apps / not need a web browser
 
 general ideas trynna use rn / experiment with:
 - retained mode
-- specifically designed around wgpu
+- specifically designed around wgpu so there's no translation
 - postfix functions for most things to prevent unreadable indentation (going very well)
+- events can be done directly where you draw the widgets
 - almost no macros in user code & actual LSP typechecking (variadic generics if you can hear me please save us)
 - relative anchor + absolute offset coord system (+ "rest" / leftover during widget layout)
 - single threaded ui & pass context around to make non async usage straightforward (pretty unsure about this)
@@ -24,3 +27,5 @@ general ideas trynna use rn / experiment with:
 
 under heavy initial development so not gonna try to explain status, maybe check TODO for that;
 sizable chance it gets a rewrite once I know everything I need and what seems to work best
+
+it's called iris because it's the structure around what you actually want to display and colorful

src/bin/test/main.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,26 @@
 use cosmic_text::Family;
-use iris::prelude::*;
-use len_fns::*;
+use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
 use winit::event::WindowEvent;
 
+iris::state_prelude!(ClientRsc);
+
 fn main() {
-    DefaultApp::<Client>::run();
+    App::<Client>::run();
 }
 
+#[default_ui_state]
 pub struct Client {
     info: WidgetRef<Text>,
 }
 
-event_ctx!(Client);
-
 impl DefaultAppState for Client {
-    fn new(ui: &mut Ui, _state: &UiState, _proxy: Proxy<Self::Event>) -> Self {
+    fn new(ui_state: DefaultUiState, _proxy: Proxy<Self::Event>) -> Self {
+        let mut rsc = ClientRsc {
+            ui: Ui::new(),
+            ui_state,
+            events: EventManager::default(),
+        };
+
         let rrect = rect(Color::WHITE).radius(20);
         let pad_test = (
             rrect.color(Color::BLUE),
@@ -37,7 +43,7 @@ impl DefaultAppState for Client {
                 .width(rest(3)),
         )
             .span(Dir::RIGHT)
-            .add(ui);
+            .add(&mut rsc);
 
         let span_test = (
             rrect.color(Color::GREEN).width(100),
@@ -48,32 +54,30 @@ impl DefaultAppState for Client {
             rrect.color(Color::RED).width(100),
         )
             .span(Dir::LEFT)
-            .add(ui);
+            .add(&mut rsc);
 
-        let span_add = Span::empty(Dir::RIGHT).add(ui);
-        let span_add_ = span_add.clone();
+        let span_add = Span::empty(Dir::RIGHT).add(&mut rsc);
 
         let add_button = rect(Color::LIME)
             .radius(30)
             .on(CursorSense::click(), move |ctx| {
                 let child = image(include_bytes!("assets/sungals.png"))
                     .center()
-                    .add(ctx.ui);
-                span_add_.get_mut().children.push(child);
+                    .add_strong(ctx);
+                span_add(ctx).push(child);
             })
             .sized((150, 150))
             .align(Align::BOT_RIGHT);
 
-        let span_add_ = span_add.clone();
         let del_button = rect(Color::RED)
             .radius(30)
-            .on(CursorSense::click(), move |_| {
-                span_add_.get_mut().children.pop();
+            .on(CursorSense::click(), move |ctx| {
+                span_add(ctx).pop();
             })
             .sized((150, 150))
             .align(Align::BOT_LEFT);
 
-        let span_add_test = (span_add, add_button, del_button).stack().add(ui);
+        let span_add_test = (span_add, add_button, del_button).stack().add(&mut rsc);
 
         let btext = |content| wtext(content).size(30);
 
@@ -96,36 +100,39 @@ impl DefaultAppState for Client {
             wtext("pretty cool right?").size(50),
         )
             .span(Dir::DOWN)
-            .add(ui);
+            .add(&mut rsc);
 
-        let texts = Span::empty(Dir::DOWN).gap(10).add(ui);
-        let msg_area = texts.clone().scroll().masked().background(rect(Color::SKY));
+        let texts = Span::empty(Dir::DOWN).gap(10).add(&mut rsc);
+        let msg_area = texts.scrollable().masked().background(rect(Color::SKY));
         let add_text = wtext("add")
-            .editable(false)
+            .editable(EditMode::MultiLine)
             .text_align(Align::LEFT)
             .size(30)
             .attr::<Selectable>(())
             .on(Submit, move |ctx| {
-                let content = ctx.widget.get_mut().take();
+                let w = ctx.widget;
+                let content = w.edit(ctx).take();
                 let text = wtext(content)
-                    .editable(false)
+                    .editable(EditMode::MultiLine)
                     .size(30)
                     .text_align(Align::LEFT)
                     .wrap(true)
                     .attr::<Selectable>(());
-                let msg_box = text.background(rect(Color::WHITE.darker(0.5))).add(ctx.ui);
-                texts.get_mut().children.push(msg_box);
+                let msg_box = text
+                    .background(rect(Color::WHITE.darker(0.5)))
+                    .add_strong(ctx);
+                texts(ctx).push(msg_box);
             })
-            .add(ui);
+            .add(&mut rsc);
         let text_edit_scroll = (
             msg_area.height(rest(1)),
             (
                 Rect::new(Color::WHITE.darker(0.9)),
                 (
-                    add_text.clone().width(rest(1)),
+                    add_text.width(rest(1)),
                     Rect::new(Color::GREEN)
                         .on(CursorSense::click(), move |ctx| {
-                            ctx.ui.run_event(ctx.state, &add_text, Submit, ());
+                            ctx.state.run_event::<Submit>(add_text, &mut ());
                         })
                         .sized((40, 40)),
                 )
@@ -138,25 +145,39 @@ impl DefaultAppState for Client {
                 .align(Align::BOT),
         )
             .span(Dir::DOWN)
-            .add(ui);
+            .add(&mut rsc);
 
-        let main = pad_test.clone().pad(10).add(ui);
+        let main = WidgetPtr::new().add(&mut rsc);
 
-        let switch_button = |color, to: WidgetRef, label| {
-            let main_ = main.clone();
+        let vals = Rc::new(RefCell::new((0, Vec::new())));
+        let mut switch_button = |color, to: WidgetRef, label| {
+            let to = to.upgrade(&mut rsc);
+            let vec = &mut vals.borrow_mut().1;
+            let i = vec.len();
+            if vec.is_empty() {
+                vec.push(None);
+                rsc.ui[main].set(to);
+            } else {
+                vec.push(Some(to));
+            }
+            let vals = vals.clone();
             let rect = rect(color)
                 .on(CursorSense::click(), move |ctx| {
-                    main_.get_mut().inner = to.clone();
-                    ctx.widget.get_mut().color = color.darker(0.3);
+                    let (prev, vec) = &mut *vals.borrow_mut();
+                    if let Some(h) = vec[i].take() {
+                        vec[*prev] = main(ctx).replace(h);
+                        *prev = i;
+                    }
+                    ctx.widget().color = color.darker(0.3);
                 })
                 .on(
                     CursorSense::HoverStart | CursorSense::unclick(),
                     move |ctx| {
-                        ctx.widget.get_mut().color = color.brighter(0.2);
+                        ctx.widget().color = color.brighter(0.2);
                     },
                 )
                 .on(CursorSense::HoverEnd, move |ctx| {
-                    ctx.widget.get_mut().color = color;
+                    ctx.widget().color = color;
                 });
             (rect, wtext(label).size(30).text_align(Align::CENTER)).stack()
         };
@@ -174,25 +195,30 @@ impl DefaultAppState for Client {
         )
             .span(Dir::RIGHT);
 
-        let info = wtext("").add(ui);
-        let info_sect = info.clone().pad(10).align(Align::RIGHT);
+        let info = wtext("").add(&mut rsc);
+        let info_sect = info.pad(10).align(Align::RIGHT);
 
-        ((tabs.height(40), main).span(Dir::DOWN), info_sect)
+        ((tabs.height(40), main.pad(10)).span(Dir::DOWN), info_sect)
             .stack()
-            .set_root(ui);
+            .set_root(&mut rsc);
 
-        Self { info }
+        Self {
+            ui: rsc.ui,
+            ui_state: rsc.ui_state,
+            events: rsc.events,
+            info,
+        }
     }
 
-    fn window_event(&mut self, _: WindowEvent, ui: &mut Ui, state: &UiState) {
+    fn window_event(&mut self, _: WindowEvent) {
         let new = format!(
             "widgets: {}\nactive:{}\nviews: {}",
-            ui.num_widgets(),
-            ui.active_widgets(),
-            state.renderer.ui.view_count()
+            self.ui.num_widgets(),
+            self.ui.active_widgets(),
+            self.ui_state.renderer.ui.view_count()
         );
-        if new != *self.info.get().content {
-            *self.info.get_mut().content = new;
+        if new != *self.ui[self.info].content {
+            *self.ui[self.info].content = new;
         }
     }
 }

src/default/attr.rs

@@ -1,49 +1,60 @@
-use crate::{prelude::*, default::UiState};
+use crate::prelude::*;
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 use winit::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize};
 
 pub struct Selector;
 
-impl<W: 'static> WidgetAttr<W> for Selector {
+impl<State: HasEvents, W: Widget + 'static> WidgetAttr<State, W> for Selector
+where
+    State::State: HasDefaultUiState,
+{
     type Input = WidgetRef<TextEdit>;
 
-    fn run(ui: &mut Ui, container: &WidgetRef<W>, id: Self::Input) {
-        let container = container.clone();
-        ui.register_event(
-            &container.clone(),
-            CursorSense::click_or_drag(),
-            move |mut ctx| {
-                let ui = ctx.ui;
-                let region = ui.window_region(&id).unwrap();
-                let id_pos = region.top_left;
-                let container_pos = ui.window_region(&container).unwrap().top_left;
-                ctx.data.cursor += container_pos - id_pos;
-                ctx.data.size = region.size();
-                select(ui, id.clone(), ctx.state, ctx.data);
-            },
-        );
+    fn run(state: &mut State, container: WidgetRef<W>, id: Self::Input) {
+        state.register_event(container, CursorSense::click_or_drag(), move |ctx| {
+            let region = ctx.ui().window_region(&id).unwrap();
+            let id_pos = region.top_left;
+            let container_pos = ctx.state.ui().window_region(&container).unwrap().top_left;
+            let pos = ctx.data.pos + container_pos - id_pos;
+            let size = region.size();
+            select(ctx.state, id, pos, size, ctx.data.sense.is_dragging());
+        });
     }
 }
 
 pub struct Selectable;
 
-impl WidgetAttr<TextEdit> for Selectable {
+impl<State: HasEvents> WidgetAttr<State, TextEdit> for Selectable
+where
+    State::State: HasDefaultUiState,
+{
     type Input = ();
 
-    fn run(ui: &mut Ui, id: &WidgetRef<TextEdit>, _: Self::Input) {
-        let id = id.clone();
-        ui.register_event(&id.clone(), CursorSense::click_or_drag(), move |ctx| {
-            select(ctx.ui, id.clone(), ctx.state, ctx.data);
+    fn run(state: &mut State, id: WidgetRef<TextEdit>, _: Self::Input) {
+        state.register_event(id, CursorSense::click_or_drag(), move |ctx| {
+            select(
+                ctx.state,
+                id,
+                ctx.data.pos,
+                ctx.data.size,
+                ctx.data.sense.is_dragging(),
+            );
         });
     }
 }
 
-fn select(ui: &mut Ui, id: WidgetRef<TextEdit>, state: &mut UiState, data: CursorData) {
+fn select(
+    state: &mut impl HasDefaultUiState,
+    id: WidgetRef<TextEdit>,
+    pos: Vec2,
+    size: Vec2,
+    dragging: bool,
+) {
+    let (ui, state) = HasDefaultUiState::ui_with_state(state);
     let now = Instant::now();
     let recent = (now - state.last_click) < Duration::from_millis(300);
     state.last_click = now;
-    id.get_mut()
-        .select(data.cursor, data.size, data.sense.is_dragging(), recent);
+    id.edit(ui).select(pos, size, dragging, recent);
     if let Some(region) = ui.window_region(&id) {
         state.window.set_ime_allowed(true);
         state.window.set_ime_cursor_area(

src/default/event.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,9 @@
-use crate::layout::DefaultEvent;
+use iris_core::Event;
 
 #[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Clone)]
 pub struct Submit;
+impl Event for Submit {}
 
 #[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Clone)]
 pub struct Edited;
-
-impl DefaultEvent for Submit {
-    type Data = ();
-}
-
-impl DefaultEvent for Edited {
-    type Data = ();
-}
+impl Event for Edited {}

src/default/input.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{
-    widget::{CursorState, Modifiers},
-    layout::Vec2,
-    default::UiState,
-};
+use crate::prelude::*;
 use winit::{
     event::{MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, WindowEvent},
     keyboard::{Key, NamedKey},
@@ -70,7 +66,7 @@ impl Input {
     }
 }
 
-impl UiState {
+impl DefaultUiState {
     pub fn window_size(&self) -> Vec2 {
         let size = self.renderer.window().inner_size();
         (size.width, size.height).into()

src/default/mod.rs

@@ -1,33 +1,30 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 use arboard::Clipboard;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::Instant;
-use winit::event::{Ime, WindowEvent};
-use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoopProxy};
-use winit::window::{Window, WindowAttributes};
+use iris_core::util::forget_mut;
+use std::{marker::Sized, sync::Arc, time::Instant};
+use winit::{
+    event::{Ime, WindowEvent},
+    event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoopProxy},
+    window::{Window, WindowAttributes},
+};
 
 mod app;
 mod attr;
 mod event;
 mod input;
 mod render;
+mod sense;
 
 pub use app::*;
 pub use attr::*;
 pub use event::*;
 pub use input::*;
 pub use render::*;
+pub use sense::*;
 
 pub type Proxy<Event> = EventLoopProxy<Event>;
-pub type DefaultApp<Data> = App<DefaultState<Data>>;
 
-pub struct DefaultState<AppState> {
-    ui: Ui,
-    ui_state: UiState,
-    app_state: AppState,
-}
-
-pub struct UiState {
+pub struct DefaultUiState {
     pub renderer: UiRenderer,
     pub input: Input,
     pub focus: Option<WidgetRef<TextEdit>>,
@@ -37,31 +34,10 @@ pub struct UiState {
     pub last_click: Instant,
 }
 
-pub trait DefaultAppState: 'static {
-    type Event: 'static = ();
-    fn new(ui: &mut Ui, state: &UiState, proxy: Proxy<Self::Event>) -> Self;
-    #[allow(unused_variables)]
-    fn event(&mut self, event: Self::Event, ui: &mut Ui, state: &UiState) {}
-    #[allow(unused_variables)]
-    fn exit(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui, state: &UiState) {}
-    #[allow(unused_variables)]
-    fn window_event(&mut self, event: WindowEvent, ui: &mut Ui, state: &UiState) {}
-    fn window_attrs() -> WindowAttributes {
-        WindowAttributes::default()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<State: DefaultAppState> AppState for DefaultState<State> {
-    type Event = State::Event;
-
-    fn new(event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, proxy: EventLoopProxy<Self::Event>) -> Self {
-        let window = Arc::new(
-            event_loop
-                .create_window(State::window_attrs())
-                .expect("failed to create window "),
-        );
-        let mut ui = Ui::new();
-        let ui_state = UiState {
+impl DefaultUiState {
+    pub fn new(window: impl Into<Arc<Window>>) -> Self {
+        let window = window.into();
+        Self {
             renderer: UiRenderer::new(window.clone()),
             window,
             input: Input::default(),
@@ -69,49 +45,77 @@ impl<State: DefaultAppState> AppState for DefaultState<State> {
             ime: 0,
             last_click: Instant::now(),
             focus: None,
-        };
-        let app_state = State::new(&mut ui, &ui_state, proxy);
-        Self {
-            ui,
-            ui_state,
-            app_state,
         }
     }
+}
+
+pub trait HasDefaultUiState: Sized + 'static + HasUi {
+    fn get(&self) -> &DefaultUiState;
+    fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut DefaultUiState;
+    fn ui_state(&self) -> &DefaultUiState {
+        HasDefaultUiState::get(self)
+    }
+    fn ui_state_mut(&mut self) -> &mut DefaultUiState {
+        HasDefaultUiState::get_mut(self)
+    }
+    fn ui_with_state(&mut self) -> (&mut Ui, &mut DefaultUiState) {
+        // as long as you're not doing anything actually unhinged this should always work safely
+        (
+            unsafe { forget_mut(self.ui_mut()) },
+            HasDefaultUiState::get_mut(self),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait DefaultAppState: RunEvents + HasDefaultUiState {
+    type Event: 'static = ();
+    fn new(ui_state: DefaultUiState, proxy: Proxy<Self::Event>) -> Self;
+    #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    fn event(&mut self, event: Self::Event) {}
+    #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    fn exit(&mut self) {}
+    #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    fn window_event(&mut self, event: WindowEvent) {}
+    fn window_attributes() -> WindowAttributes {
+        Default::default()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<State: DefaultAppState> AppState for State {
+    type Event = State::Event;
+
+    fn new(event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, proxy: EventLoopProxy<Self::Event>) -> Self {
+        let window = event_loop.create_window(Self::window_attributes()).unwrap();
+        Self::new(DefaultUiState::new(window), proxy)
+    }
 
     fn event(&mut self, event: Self::Event, _: &ActiveEventLoop) {
-        self.app_state.event(event, &mut self.ui, &self.ui_state);
+        self.event(event);
     }
 
     fn window_event(&mut self, event: WindowEvent, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
-        let Self {
-            ui,
-            ui_state,
-            app_state,
-        } = self;
-
+        let events = unsafe { forget_mut(self.events_mut()) };
+        let ui_state = HasDefaultUiState::get_mut(self);
         let input_changed = ui_state.input.event(&event);
         let cursor_state = ui_state.cursor_state().clone();
-        let old = ui_state.focus.clone();
+        let old = ui_state.focus;
         if cursor_state.buttons.left.is_start() {
             ui_state.focus = None;
         }
         if input_changed {
             let window_size = ui_state.window_size();
-            // call sensors with all 3 important contexts
-            // TODO: allow user to specify custom contexts?
-            // and give them both states in case they need both
-            ui.run_sensors(&mut (), &cursor_state, window_size);
-            ui.run_sensors(ui_state, &cursor_state, window_size);
-            ui.run_sensors(app_state, &cursor_state, window_size);
+            self.run_sensors(&cursor_state, window_size);
         }
+        let (mut ui, mut ui_state) = self.ui_with_state();
         if old != ui_state.focus
             && let Some(old) = old
         {
-            old.get_mut().deselect();
+            old.edit(ui).deselect();
         }
         match &event {
             WindowEvent::CloseRequested => event_loop.exit(),
             WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
+                ui.update(events);
                 ui_state.renderer.update(ui);
                 ui_state.renderer.draw();
             }
@@ -120,24 +124,23 @@ impl<State: DefaultAppState> AppState for DefaultState<State> {
                 ui_state.renderer.resize(size)
             }
             WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { event, .. } => {
-                if let Some(sel) = &ui_state.focus
+                if let Some(sel) = ui_state.focus
                     && event.state.is_pressed()
                 {
-                    let sel = &sel.clone();
-                    let res = sel.get_mut().apply_event(event, &ui_state.input.modifiers);
-                    match res {
+                    let mut text = sel.edit(ui);
+                    match text.apply_event(event, &ui_state.input.modifiers) {
                         TextInputResult::Unfocus => {
                             ui_state.focus = None;
                             ui_state.window.set_ime_allowed(false);
                         }
                         TextInputResult::Submit => {
-                            ui.run_event(app_state, sel, Submit, ());
+                            self.run_event::<Submit>(sel, &mut ());
                         }
                         TextInputResult::Paste => {
                             if let Ok(t) = ui_state.clipboard.get_text() {
-                                sel.get_mut().insert(&t);
+                                text.insert(&t);
                             }
-                            ui.run_event(app_state, sel, Edited, ());
+                            self.run_event::<Edited>(sel, &mut ());
                         }
                         TextInputResult::Copy(text) => {
                             if let Err(err) = ui_state.clipboard.set_text(text) {
@@ -145,37 +148,39 @@ impl<State: DefaultAppState> AppState for DefaultState<State> {
                             }
                         }
                         TextInputResult::Used => {
-                            ui.run_event(app_state, sel, Edited, ());
+                            self.run_event::<Edited>(sel, &mut ());
                         }
                         TextInputResult::Unused => {}
                     }
                 }
             }
             WindowEvent::Ime(ime) => {
-                if let Some(sel) = &ui_state.focus {
+                if let Some(sel) = ui_state.focus {
+                    let mut text = sel.edit(ui);
                     match ime {
                         Ime::Enabled | Ime::Disabled => (),
                         Ime::Preedit(content, _pos) => {
                             // TODO: highlight once that's real
-                            sel.get_mut().replace(ui_state.ime, content);
+                            text.replace(ui_state.ime, content);
                             ui_state.ime = content.chars().count();
                         }
                         Ime::Commit(content) => {
-                            sel.get_mut().insert(content);
+                            text.insert(content);
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
             _ => (),
         }
-        app_state.window_event(event, ui, ui_state);
-        if ui.update() {
+        self.window_event(event);
+        (ui, ui_state) = self.ui_with_state();
+        if ui.needs_redraw() {
             ui_state.renderer.window().request_redraw();
         }
         ui_state.input.end_frame();
     }
 
     fn exit(&mut self) {
-        self.app_state.exit(&mut self.ui, &self.ui_state);
+        self.exit();
     }
 }

src/default/render.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{
-    layout::Ui,
-    render::{UiLimits, UiRenderNode},
-};
+use iris_core::{Ui, UiLimits, UiRenderNode};
 use pollster::FutureExt;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use wgpu::{util::StagingBelt, *};
@@ -21,8 +18,8 @@ pub struct UiRenderer {
 }
 
 impl UiRenderer {
-    pub fn update(&mut self, updates: &mut Ui) {
-        self.ui.update(&self.device, &self.queue, updates);
+    pub fn update(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui) {
+        self.ui.update(&self.device, &self.queue, ui);
     }
 
     pub fn draw(&mut self) {
@@ -72,7 +69,6 @@ impl UiRenderer {
 
         let instance = Instance::new(&InstanceDescriptor {
             backends: Backends::PRIMARY,
-            flags: InstanceFlags::empty(),
             ..Default::default()
         });
 
@@ -122,7 +118,7 @@ impl UiRenderer {
             format: surface_format,
             width: size.width,
             height: size.height,
-            present_mode: PresentMode::AutoVsync,
+            present_mode: PresentMode::AutoNoVsync,
             alpha_mode: surface_caps.alpha_modes[0],
             desired_maximum_frame_latency: 2,
             view_formats: vec![],

src/default/sense.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+use crate::prelude::*;
+use std::{
+    ops::{BitOr, Deref, DerefMut},
+    rc::Rc,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum CursorButton {
+    Left,
+    Right,
+    Middle,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum CursorSense {
+    PressStart(CursorButton),
+    Pressing(CursorButton),
+    PressEnd(CursorButton),
+    HoverStart,
+    Hovering,
+    HoverEnd,
+    Scroll,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct CursorSenses(Vec<CursorSense>);
+
+impl Event for CursorSenses {
+    type Data<'a> = CursorData<'a>;
+    type State = SensorState;
+    fn should_run(&self, data: &mut Self::Data<'_>) -> bool {
+        if let Some(sense) = should_run(self, data.cursor, data.hover) {
+            data.sense = sense;
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl CursorSense {
+    pub fn click() -> Self {
+        Self::PressStart(CursorButton::Left)
+    }
+    pub fn click_or_drag() -> CursorSenses {
+        Self::click() | Self::Pressing(CursorButton::Left)
+    }
+    pub fn unclick() -> Self {
+        Self::PressEnd(CursorButton::Left)
+    }
+    pub fn is_dragging(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, CursorSense::Pressing(CursorButton::Left))
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Clone)]
+pub struct CursorState {
+    pub pos: Vec2,
+    pub exists: bool,
+    pub buttons: CursorButtons,
+    pub scroll_delta: Vec2,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Clone)]
+pub struct CursorButtons {
+    pub left: ActivationState,
+    pub middle: ActivationState,
+    pub right: ActivationState,
+}
+
+impl CursorButtons {
+    pub fn select(&self, button: &CursorButton) -> &ActivationState {
+        match button {
+            CursorButton::Left => &self.left,
+            CursorButton::Right => &self.right,
+            CursorButton::Middle => &self.middle,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn end_frame(&mut self) {
+        self.left.end_frame();
+        self.middle.end_frame();
+        self.right.end_frame();
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (CursorButton, &ActivationState)> {
+        [
+            CursorButton::Left,
+            CursorButton::Middle,
+            CursorButton::Right,
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|b| (b, self.select(&b)))
+    }
+}
+
+impl CursorState {
+    pub fn end_frame(&mut self) {
+        self.buttons.end_frame();
+        self.scroll_delta = Vec2::ZERO;
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq)]
+pub enum ActivationState {
+    Start,
+    On,
+    End,
+    #[default]
+    Off,
+}
+
+/// this and other similar stuff has a generic
+/// because I kind of want to make CursorModule generic
+/// or basically have some way to have custom senses
+/// that depend on active widget positions
+/// but I'm not sure how or if worth it
+pub struct Sensor<Ctx, Data> {
+    pub senses: CursorSenses,
+    pub f: Rc<dyn EventFn<Ctx, Data>>,
+}
+
+pub type SenseShape = UiRegion;
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+pub struct SensorState {
+    pub hover: ActivationState,
+}
+
+pub struct CursorData<'a> {
+    /// where this widget was hit
+    pub pos: Vec2,
+    pub size: Vec2,
+    pub scroll_delta: Vec2,
+    pub hover: ActivationState,
+    pub cursor: &'a CursorState,
+    /// the first sense that triggered this
+    pub sense: CursorSense,
+}
+
+pub trait SensorUi<State> {
+    fn run_sensors(&mut self, cursor: &CursorState, window_size: Vec2);
+}
+
+impl<State: RunEvents> SensorUi<State> for State {
+    fn run_sensors(&mut self, cursor: &CursorState, window_size: Vec2) {
+        let layers = std::mem::take(&mut self.ui_mut().layers);
+        let mut active = std::mem::take(&mut self.events_mut().get_type::<CursorSense>().active);
+        for layer in layers.indices().rev() {
+            let mut sensed = false;
+            for (id, sensor) in active.get_mut(&layer).into_iter().flatten() {
+                let shape = self.ui().active.get(id).unwrap().region;
+                let region = shape.to_px(window_size);
+                let in_shape = cursor.exists && region.contains(cursor.pos);
+                sensor.hover.update(in_shape);
+                if sensor.hover == ActivationState::Off {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                sensed = true;
+
+                let mut data = CursorData {
+                    pos: cursor.pos - region.top_left,
+                    size: region.bot_right - region.top_left,
+                    scroll_delta: cursor.scroll_delta,
+                    hover: sensor.hover,
+                    cursor,
+                    // this does not have any meaning;
+                    // might wanna set up Event to have a prepare stage
+                    sense: CursorSense::Hovering,
+                };
+                self.run_event::<CursorSense>(*id, &mut data);
+            }
+            if sensed {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        self.events_mut().get_type::<CursorSense>().active = active;
+        self.ui_mut().layers = layers;
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn should_run(
+    senses: &CursorSenses,
+    cursor: &CursorState,
+    hover: ActivationState,
+) -> Option<CursorSense> {
+    for sense in senses.iter() {
+        if match sense {
+            CursorSense::PressStart(button) => cursor.buttons.select(button).is_start(),
+            CursorSense::Pressing(button) => cursor.buttons.select(button).is_on(),
+            CursorSense::PressEnd(button) => cursor.buttons.select(button).is_end(),
+            CursorSense::HoverStart => hover.is_start(),
+            CursorSense::Hovering => hover.is_on(),
+            CursorSense::HoverEnd => hover.is_end(),
+            CursorSense::Scroll => cursor.scroll_delta != Vec2::ZERO,
+        } {
+            return Some(*sense);
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+impl ActivationState {
+    pub fn is_start(&self) -> bool {
+        *self == Self::Start
+    }
+    pub fn is_on(&self) -> bool {
+        *self == Self::Start || *self == Self::On
+    }
+    pub fn is_end(&self) -> bool {
+        *self == Self::End
+    }
+    pub fn is_off(&self) -> bool {
+        *self == Self::End || *self == Self::Off
+    }
+    pub fn update(&mut self, on: bool) {
+        *self = match *self {
+            Self::Start => match on {
+                true => Self::On,
+                false => Self::End,
+            },
+            Self::On => match on {
+                true => Self::On,
+                false => Self::End,
+            },
+            Self::End => match on {
+                true => Self::Start,
+                false => Self::Off,
+            },
+            Self::Off => match on {
+                true => Self::Start,
+                false => Self::Off,
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn end_frame(&mut self) {
+        match self {
+            Self::Start => *self = Self::On,
+            Self::End => *self = Self::Off,
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl EventLike for CursorSense {
+    type Event = CursorSenses;
+    fn into_event(self) -> Self::Event {
+        self.into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for CursorSenses {
+    type Target = Vec<CursorSense>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for CursorSenses {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        &mut self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<CursorSense> for CursorSenses {
+    fn from(val: CursorSense) -> Self {
+        CursorSenses(vec![val])
+    }
+}
+
+impl BitOr for CursorSense {
+    type Output = CursorSenses;
+
+    fn bitor(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+        CursorSenses(vec![self, rhs])
+    }
+}
+
+impl BitOr<CursorSense> for CursorSenses {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    fn bitor(mut self, rhs: CursorSense) -> Self::Output {
+        self.0.push(rhs);
+        self
+    }
+}

src/event.rs

@@ -1,82 +1,25 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
-use iris_macro::widget_trait;
 
 pub mod eventable {
     use super::*;
-
     widget_trait! {
-        pub trait Eventable;
-        fn on<E: Event, Ctx: 'static>(
+        pub trait Eventable<State: HasEvents + StateLike<State> + 'static>;
+        fn on<E: EventLike>(
             self,
             event: E,
-            f: impl WidgetEventFn<Ctx, E::Data, WL::Widget>,
-        ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<WL::Widget> {
-            move |ui| {
-                let id = self.add(ui);
-                ui.register_widget_event(&id, event, f);
+            f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<State::State, <E::Event as Event>::Data<'a>, WL::Widget>,
+        ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State, WL::Widget> {
+            move |state| {
+                let id = self.add(state);
+                state.register_event(id, event.into_event(), move |ctx| {
+                    f(&mut EventIdCtx {
+                        widget: id,
+                        state: ctx.state,
+                        data: ctx.data,
+                    });
+                });
                 id
             }
         }
     }
 }
-
-// TODO: naming in here is a bit weird like eventable
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! event_ctx {
-    ($ty: ty) => {
-        mod local_event_trait {
-            use super::*;
-            use std::marker::Sized;
-            #[allow(unused_imports)]
-            use $crate::prelude::*;
-
-            #[allow(unused)]
-            pub trait EventableCtx<W: ?Sized, Tag, Ctx: 'static> {
-                fn on<E: Event>(
-                    self,
-                    event: E,
-                    f: impl WidgetEventFn<Ctx, E::Data, W>,
-                ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<W> + EventableCtx<W, IdFnTag, Ctx>;
-            }
-
-            impl<WL: WidgetLike<Tag>, Tag> EventableCtx<WL::Widget, Tag, $ty> for WL {
-                fn on<E: Event>(
-                    self,
-                    event: E,
-                    f: impl WidgetEventFn<$ty, E::Data, WL::Widget>,
-                ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<WL::Widget> + EventableCtx<WL::Widget, IdFnTag, $ty> {
-                    eventable::Eventable::on(self, event, f)
-                }
-            }
-
-            #[allow(unused)]
-            pub trait EventableCtxUi<W: ?Sized, Tag, Ctx: 'static>
-            where
-                WidgetRef<W>: EventableCtx<W, Tag, Ctx>,
-            {
-                fn on<E: Event>(
-                    &mut self,
-                    widget: &WidgetRef<W>,
-                    event: E,
-                    f: impl WidgetEventFn<Ctx, E::Data, W>,
-                );
-            }
-
-            impl<W: ?Sized + 'static, Tag> EventableCtxUi<W, Tag, $ty> for Ui
-            where
-                WidgetRef<W>: EventableCtx<W, Tag, $ty>,
-            {
-                fn on<E: Event>(
-                    &mut self,
-                    widget: &WidgetRef<W>,
-                    event: E,
-                    f: impl WidgetEventFn<$ty, E::Data, W>,
-                ) {
-                    self.register_widget_event(&widget, event, f);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        use local_event_trait::*;
-    };
-}
-pub use event_ctx;

src/lib.rs

@@ -2,22 +2,37 @@
 #![feature(fn_traits)]
 #![feature(gen_blocks)]
 #![feature(associated_type_defaults)]
+#![feature(unsize)]
 
-mod default;
-mod event;
-mod widget;
+pub mod default;
+pub mod event;
+pub mod typed;
+pub mod widget;
 
-pub use iris_core::*;
-pub use iris_macro::*;
+pub use iris_core as core;
+pub use iris_macro as macros;
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! state_prelude {
+    ($vis:vis $state:ty) => {
+        iris::event_state!($vis $state);
+        $vis use iris::{
+            default::*,
+            core::{len_fns::*, util::Vec2, *},
+            macros::*,
+            widget::*,
+        };
+    };
+}
 
 pub mod prelude {
-    pub use super::default::*;
-    pub use super::event::*;
-    pub use super::widget::*;
-
-    pub use iris_core::layout::*;
-    pub use iris_core::render::*;
-    pub use iris_core::util::Handle;
-
+    use super::*;
+    pub use default::*;
+    pub use event::*;
+    pub use iris_core::*;
     pub use iris_macro::*;
+    pub use widget::*;
+
+    pub use iris_core::util::Vec2;
+    pub use typed::*;
 }

src/typed.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! event_state {
+    ($vis:vis $state:ty) => {
+        mod local_event_trait {
+            use super::*;
+            #[allow(unused_imports)]
+            use $crate::prelude::*;
+            pub trait EventableCtx<WL: WidgetLike<$state, Tag>, Tag> {
+                fn on<E: EventLike>(
+                    self,
+                    event: E,
+                    f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<
+                        <$state as HasState>::State,
+                        <E::Event as Event>::Data<'a>,
+                        WL::Widget
+                    >,
+                ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<$state, WL::Widget>;
+            }
+            impl<WL: WidgetLike<$state, Tag>, Tag> EventableCtx<WL, Tag> for WL {
+                fn on<E: EventLike>(
+                    self,
+                    event: E,
+                    f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<
+                        <$state as HasState>::State,
+                        <E::Event as Event>::Data<'a>,
+                        WL::Widget
+                    >,
+                ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<$state, WL::Widget> {
+                    eventable::Eventable::on(self, event, f)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        $vis type EventManager = $crate::prelude::EventManager<<$state as HasState>::State>;
+        $vis use local_event_trait::*;
+    };
+}
+pub use event_state;

src/widget/image.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use image::DynamicImage;
 use crate::prelude::*;
+use image::DynamicImage;
 
 pub struct Image {
     handle: TextureHandle,
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ impl Widget for Image {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn image(image: impl LoadableImage) -> impl WidgetFn<Image> {
+pub fn image<State: HasUi>(image: impl LoadableImage) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Image> {
     let image = image.get_image().expect("Failed to load image");
-    move |ui| Image {
-        handle: ui.add_texture(image),
+    move |state| Image {
+        handle: state.get_mut().add_texture(image),
     }
 }
 

src/widget/mask.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct Masked {
-    pub inner: WidgetRef,
+    pub inner: WidgetHandle,
 }
 
 impl Widget for Masked {

src/widget/mod.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ mod mask;
 mod position;
 mod ptr;
 mod rect;
-mod sense;
 mod text;
 mod trait_fns;
 
@@ -12,6 +11,5 @@ pub use mask::*;
 pub use position::*;
 pub use ptr::*;
 pub use rect::*;
-pub use sense::*;
 pub use text::*;
 pub use trait_fns::*;

src/widget/position/align.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct Aligned {
-    pub inner: WidgetRef,
+    pub inner: WidgetHandle,
     pub align: Align,
 }
 

src/widget/position/layer.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct LayerOffset {
-    pub inner: WidgetRef,
+    pub inner: WidgetHandle,
     pub offset: usize,
 }
 

src/widget/position/max_size.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct MaxSize {
-    pub inner: WidgetRef,
+    pub inner: WidgetHandle,
     pub x: Option<Len>,
     pub y: Option<Len>,
 }

src/widget/position/offset.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct Offset {
-    pub inner: WidgetRef,
+    pub inner: WidgetHandle,
     pub amt: UiVec2,
 }
 

src/widget/position/pad.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct Pad {
     pub padding: Padding,
-    pub inner: WidgetRef,
+    pub inner: WidgetHandle,
 }
 
 impl Widget for Pad {

src/widget/position/scroll.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct Scroll {
-    inner: WidgetRef,
+    inner: WidgetHandle,
     axis: Axis,
     amt: f32,
     snap_end: bool,
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl Widget for Scroll {
 }
 
 impl Scroll {
-    pub fn new(inner: WidgetRef, axis: Axis) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(inner: WidgetHandle, axis: Axis) -> Self {
         Self {
             inner,
             axis,

src/widget/position/sized.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct Sized {
-    pub inner: WidgetRef,
+    pub inner: WidgetHandle,
     pub x: Option<Len>,
     pub y: Option<Len>,
 }

src/widget/position/span.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 pub struct Span {
-    pub children: Vec<WidgetRef>,
+    pub children: Vec<WidgetHandle>,
     pub dir: Dir,
     pub gap: f32,
 }
@@ -62,6 +62,14 @@ impl Span {
         self
     }
 
+    pub fn push(&mut self, w: WidgetHandle) {
+        self.children.push(w);
+    }
+
+    pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<WidgetHandle> {
+        self.children.pop()
+    }
+
     fn len_sum(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
         let gap = self.gap * self.children.len().saturating_sub(1) as f32;
         self.children.iter().fold(Len::abs(gap), |mut s, id| {
@@ -144,28 +152,31 @@ impl Span {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct SpanBuilder<const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<LEN, Tag>, Tag> {
+pub struct SpanBuilder<State, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, Tag>, Tag> {
     pub children: Wa,
     pub dir: Dir,
     pub gap: f32,
-    _pd: PhantomData<Tag>,
+    _pd: PhantomData<(State, Tag)>,
 }
 
-impl<const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<LEN, Tag>, Tag> FnOnce<(&mut Ui,)>
-    for SpanBuilder<LEN, Wa, Tag>
+impl<State: StateLike<State>, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, Tag>, Tag>
+    WidgetFnTrait<State> for SpanBuilder<State, LEN, Wa, Tag>
 {
-    type Output = Span;
+    type Widget = Span;
 
-    extern "rust-call" fn call_once(self, args: (&mut Ui,)) -> Self::Output {
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn run(self, state: &mut State) -> Self::Widget {
         Span {
-            children: self.children.ui(args.0).arr.to_vec(),
+            children: self.children.add(state).arr.into_iter().collect(),
             dir: self.dir,
             gap: self.gap,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<LEN, Tag>, Tag> SpanBuilder<LEN, Wa, Tag> {
+impl<State, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, Tag>, Tag>
+    SpanBuilder<State, LEN, Wa, Tag>
+{
     pub fn new(children: Wa, dir: Dir) -> Self {
         Self {
             children,
@@ -182,7 +193,7 @@ impl<const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<LEN, Tag>, Tag> SpanBuilder<LEN, Wa, Ta
 }
 
 impl std::ops::Deref for Span {
-    type Target = Vec<WidgetRef>;
+    type Target = Vec<WidgetHandle>;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
         &self.children

src/widget/position/stack.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct Stack {
-    pub children: Vec<WidgetRef>,
+    pub children: Vec<WidgetHandle>,
     pub size: StackSize,
 }
 
@@ -42,26 +42,28 @@ pub enum StackSize {
     Child(usize),
 }
 
-pub struct StackBuilder<const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<LEN, Tag>, Tag> {
+pub struct StackBuilder<State, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, Tag>, Tag> {
     pub children: Wa,
     pub size: StackSize,
-    _pd: PhantomData<Tag>,
+    _pd: PhantomData<(State, Tag)>,
 }
 
-impl<const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<LEN, Tag>, Tag> FnOnce<(&mut Ui,)>
-    for StackBuilder<LEN, Wa, Tag>
+impl<State: StateLike<State>, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, Tag>, Tag> FnOnce<(&mut State,)>
+    for StackBuilder<State, LEN, Wa, Tag>
 {
     type Output = Stack;
 
-    extern "rust-call" fn call_once(self, args: (&mut Ui,)) -> Self::Output {
+    extern "rust-call" fn call_once(self, args: (&mut State,)) -> Self::Output {
         Stack {
-            children: self.children.ui(args.0).arr.to_vec(),
+            children: self.children.add(args.0).arr.into_iter().collect(),
             size: self.size,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<LEN, Tag>, Tag> StackBuilder<LEN, Wa, Tag> {
+impl<State, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, Tag>, Tag>
+    StackBuilder<State, LEN, Wa, Tag>
+{
     pub fn new(children: Wa) -> Self {
         Self {
             children,

src/widget/ptr.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
+use std::marker::{Sized, Unsize};
 
-#[derive(Default)]
 pub struct WidgetPtr {
-    pub inner: Option<WidgetRef>,
+    pub inner: Option<WidgetHandle>,
 }
 
 impl Widget for WidgetPtr {
@@ -28,3 +28,30 @@ impl Widget for WidgetPtr {
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl WidgetPtr {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+    pub fn empty() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn set<W: ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>>(&mut self, to: WidgetHandle<W>) {
+        self.inner = Some(to)
+    }
+
+    pub fn replace<W: ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>>(
+        &mut self,
+        to: WidgetHandle<W>,
+    ) -> Option<WidgetHandle> {
+        self.inner.replace(to)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for WidgetPtr {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::empty()
+    }
+}

src/widget/sense.rs

@@ -1,404 +0,0 @@
-use crate::prelude::*;
-use crate::util::Id;
-
-use std::{
-    ops::{BitOr, Deref, DerefMut},
-    rc::Rc,
-};
-
-use crate::{
-    layout::{UiModule, UiRegion, Vec2},
-    util::HashMap,
-};
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
-pub enum CursorButton {
-    Left,
-    Right,
-    Middle,
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
-pub enum CursorSense {
-    PressStart(CursorButton),
-    Pressing(CursorButton),
-    PressEnd(CursorButton),
-    HoverStart,
-    Hovering,
-    HoverEnd,
-    Scroll,
-}
-
-pub struct CursorSenses(Vec<CursorSense>);
-
-impl CursorSense {
-    pub fn click() -> Self {
-        Self::PressStart(CursorButton::Left)
-    }
-    pub fn click_or_drag() -> CursorSenses {
-        Self::click() | Self::Pressing(CursorButton::Left)
-    }
-    pub fn unclick() -> Self {
-        Self::PressEnd(CursorButton::Left)
-    }
-    pub fn is_dragging(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, CursorSense::Pressing(CursorButton::Left))
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Clone)]
-pub struct CursorState {
-    pub pos: Vec2,
-    pub exists: bool,
-    pub buttons: CursorButtons,
-    pub scroll_delta: Vec2,
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Clone)]
-pub struct CursorButtons {
-    pub left: ActivationState,
-    pub middle: ActivationState,
-    pub right: ActivationState,
-}
-
-impl CursorButtons {
-    pub fn select(&self, button: &CursorButton) -> &ActivationState {
-        match button {
-            CursorButton::Left => &self.left,
-            CursorButton::Right => &self.right,
-            CursorButton::Middle => &self.middle,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn end_frame(&mut self) {
-        self.left.end_frame();
-        self.middle.end_frame();
-        self.right.end_frame();
-    }
-}
-
-impl CursorState {
-    pub fn end_frame(&mut self) {
-        self.buttons.end_frame();
-        self.scroll_delta = Vec2::ZERO;
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq)]
-pub enum ActivationState {
-    Start,
-    On,
-    End,
-    #[default]
-    Off,
-}
-
-/// this and other similar stuff has a generic
-/// because I kind of want to make CursorModule generic
-/// or basically have some way to have custom senses
-/// that depend on active widget positions
-/// but I'm not sure how or if worth it
-pub struct Sensor<Ctx, Data> {
-    pub senses: CursorSenses,
-    pub f: Rc<dyn EventFn<Ctx, Data>>,
-}
-
-pub type SensorMap<Ctx, Data> = HashMap<Id, SensorGroup<Ctx, Data>>;
-pub type SenseShape = UiRegion;
-pub struct SensorGroup<Ctx, Data> {
-    pub hover: ActivationState,
-    pub sensors: Vec<Sensor<Ctx, Data>>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct CursorData {
-    pub cursor: Vec2,
-    pub size: Vec2,
-    pub scroll_delta: Vec2,
-    /// the (first) sense that triggered this event
-    /// the senses are checked in order
-    pub sense: CursorSense,
-}
-
-pub struct CursorModule<Ctx> {
-    map: SensorMap<Ctx, CursorData>,
-    active: HashMap<usize, HashMap<Id, SenseShape>>,
-}
-
-impl<Ctx: 'static> UiModule for CursorModule<Ctx> {
-    fn on_draw(&mut self, inst: &WidgetInstance) {
-        if self.map.contains_key(&inst.id) {
-            self.active
-                .entry(inst.layer)
-                .or_default()
-                .insert(inst.id, inst.region);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn on_undraw(&mut self, inst: &WidgetInstance) {
-        if let Some(layer) = self.active.get_mut(&inst.layer) {
-            layer.remove(&inst.id);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn on_remove(&mut self, id: &Id) {
-        self.map.remove(id);
-        for layer in self.active.values_mut() {
-            layer.remove(id);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn on_move(&mut self, inst: &WidgetInstance) {
-        if let Some(map) = self.active.get_mut(&inst.layer)
-            && let Some(region) = map.get_mut(&inst.id)
-        {
-            *region = inst.region;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<Ctx> CursorModule<Ctx> {
-    pub fn merge(&mut self, other: Self) {
-        for (id, group) in other.map {
-            for sensor in group.sensors {
-                self.map.entry(id).or_default().sensors.push(sensor);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub trait SensorUi {
-    fn run_sensors<Ctx: 'static>(&mut self, ctx: &mut Ctx, cursor: &CursorState, window_size: Vec2);
-}
-
-impl SensorUi for Ui {
-    fn run_sensors<Ctx: 'static>(
-        &mut self,
-        ctx: &mut Ctx,
-        cursor: &CursorState,
-        window_size: Vec2,
-    ) {
-        CursorModule::<Ctx>::run(self, ctx, cursor, window_size);
-    }
-}
-
-impl<Ctx: 'static> CursorModule<Ctx> {
-    pub fn run(ui: &mut Ui, ctx: &mut Ctx, cursor: &CursorState, window_size: Vec2) {
-        let layers = std::mem::take(&mut ui.data_mut().layers);
-        let mut module = std::mem::take(ui.data_mut().modules.get_mut::<Self>());
-
-        for i in layers.indices().rev() {
-            let Some(list) = module.active.get_mut(&i) else {
-                continue;
-            };
-            let mut sensed = false;
-            for (id, shape) in list.iter() {
-                let group = module.map.get_mut(id).unwrap();
-                let region = shape.to_px(window_size);
-                let in_shape = cursor.exists && region.contains(cursor.pos);
-                group.hover.update(in_shape);
-                if group.hover == ActivationState::Off {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                sensed = true;
-
-                for sensor in &mut group.sensors {
-                    if let Some(sense) = should_run(&sensor.senses, cursor, group.hover) {
-                        let data = CursorData {
-                            cursor: cursor.pos - region.top_left,
-                            size: region.bot_right - region.top_left,
-                            scroll_delta: cursor.scroll_delta,
-                            sense,
-                        };
-                        (sensor.f)(EventCtx {
-                            ui,
-                            state: ctx,
-                            data,
-                        });
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            if sensed {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        let ui_mod = ui.data_mut().modules.get_mut::<Self>();
-        std::mem::swap(ui_mod, &mut module);
-        ui_mod.merge(module);
-        ui.data_mut().layers = layers;
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn should_run(
-    senses: &CursorSenses,
-    cursor: &CursorState,
-    hover: ActivationState,
-) -> Option<CursorSense> {
-    for sense in senses.iter() {
-        if match sense {
-            CursorSense::PressStart(button) => cursor.buttons.select(button).is_start(),
-            CursorSense::Pressing(button) => cursor.buttons.select(button).is_on(),
-            CursorSense::PressEnd(button) => cursor.buttons.select(button).is_end(),
-            CursorSense::HoverStart => hover.is_start(),
-            CursorSense::Hovering => hover.is_on(),
-            CursorSense::HoverEnd => hover.is_end(),
-            CursorSense::Scroll => cursor.scroll_delta != Vec2::ZERO,
-        } {
-            return Some(*sense);
-        }
-    }
-    None
-}
-
-impl ActivationState {
-    pub fn is_start(&self) -> bool {
-        *self == Self::Start
-    }
-    pub fn is_on(&self) -> bool {
-        *self == Self::Start || *self == Self::On
-    }
-    pub fn is_end(&self) -> bool {
-        *self == Self::End
-    }
-    pub fn is_off(&self) -> bool {
-        *self == Self::End || *self == Self::Off
-    }
-    pub fn update(&mut self, on: bool) {
-        *self = match *self {
-            Self::Start => match on {
-                true => Self::On,
-                false => Self::End,
-            },
-            Self::On => match on {
-                true => Self::On,
-                false => Self::End,
-            },
-            Self::End => match on {
-                true => Self::Start,
-                false => Self::Off,
-            },
-            Self::Off => match on {
-                true => Self::Start,
-                false => Self::Off,
-            },
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn end_frame(&mut self) {
-        match self {
-            Self::Start => *self = Self::On,
-            Self::End => *self = Self::Off,
-            _ => (),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Event for CursorSenses {
-    type Module<Ctx: 'static> = CursorModule<Ctx>;
-    type Data = CursorData;
-}
-
-impl Event for CursorSense {
-    type Module<Ctx: 'static> = CursorModule<Ctx>;
-    type Data = CursorData;
-}
-
-impl<E: Event<Data = <CursorSenses as Event>::Data> + Into<CursorSenses>, Ctx: 'static>
-    EventModule<E, Ctx> for CursorModule<Ctx>
-{
-    fn register(&mut self, id: Id, senses: E, f: impl EventFn<Ctx, <E as Event>::Data>) {
-        // TODO: does not add to active if currently active
-        self.map.entry(id).or_default().sensors.push(Sensor {
-            senses: senses.into(),
-            f: Rc::new(f),
-        });
-    }
-
-    fn run<'a>(
-        &self,
-        id: &Id,
-        event: E,
-    ) -> Option<impl Fn(EventCtx<Ctx, <E as Event>::Data>) + use<'a, E, Ctx>> {
-        let senses = event.into();
-        if let Some(group) = self.map.get(id) {
-            let fs: Vec<_> = group
-                .sensors
-                .iter()
-                .filter_map(|sensor| {
-                    if sensor.senses.iter().any(|s| senses.contains(s)) {
-                        Some(sensor.f.clone())
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                })
-                .collect();
-            Some(move |ctx: EventCtx<Ctx, CursorData>| {
-                for f in &fs {
-                    f(EventCtx {
-                        state: ctx.state,
-                        ui: ctx.ui,
-                        data: ctx.data.clone(),
-                    });
-                }
-            })
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<Ctx, Data> Default for SensorGroup<Ctx, Data> {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            hover: Default::default(),
-            sensors: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Deref for CursorSenses {
-    type Target = Vec<CursorSense>;
-
-    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        &self.0
-    }
-}
-
-impl DerefMut for CursorSenses {
-    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
-        &mut self.0
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<CursorSense> for CursorSenses {
-    fn from(val: CursorSense) -> Self {
-        CursorSenses(vec![val])
-    }
-}
-
-impl BitOr for CursorSense {
-    type Output = CursorSenses;
-
-    fn bitor(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
-        CursorSenses(vec![self, rhs])
-    }
-}
-
-impl BitOr<CursorSense> for CursorSenses {
-    type Output = Self;
-
-    fn bitor(mut self, rhs: CursorSense) -> Self::Output {
-        self.0.push(rhs);
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-impl<Ctx> Default for CursorModule<Ctx> {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            map: Default::default(),
-            active: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-}

src/widget/text/build.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 use cosmic_text::{Attrs, Family, Metrics};
-use std::marker::Sized;
+use std::marker::{PhantomData, Sized};
 
-pub struct TextBuilder<O = TextOutput, H: WidgetOption = ()> {
+pub struct TextBuilder<State, O = TextOutput, H: WidgetOption<State> = ()> {
     pub content: String,
     pub attrs: TextAttrs,
     pub hint: H,
     pub output: O,
+    state: PhantomData<State>,
 }
 
-impl<O, H: WidgetOption> TextBuilder<O, H> {
+impl<State, O, H: WidgetOption<State>> TextBuilder<State, O, H> {
     pub fn size(mut self, size: impl UiNum) -> Self {
         self.attrs.font_size = size.to_f32();
         self.attrs.line_height = self.attrs.font_size * LINE_HEIGHT_MULT;
@@ -39,43 +40,54 @@ impl<O, H: WidgetOption> TextBuilder<O, H> {
         self.attrs.wrap = wrap;
         self
     }
-    pub fn editable(self, single_line: bool) -> TextBuilder<TextEditOutput, H> {
+    pub fn editable(self, mode: EditMode) -> TextBuilder<State, TextEditOutput, H> {
         TextBuilder {
             content: self.content,
             attrs: self.attrs,
             hint: self.hint,
-            output: TextEditOutput { single_line },
+            output: TextEditOutput { mode },
+            state: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<O> TextBuilder<O> {
-    pub fn hint<W: WidgetLike<Tag>, Tag>(self, hint: W) -> TextBuilder<O, impl WidgetOption> {
+impl<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, O> TextBuilder<State, O> {
+    pub fn hint<W: WidgetLike<State, Tag>, Tag>(
+        self,
+        hint: W,
+    ) -> TextBuilder<State, O, impl WidgetOption<State>> {
         TextBuilder {
             content: self.content,
             attrs: self.attrs,
-            hint: move |ui: &mut Ui| Some(hint.add(ui).any()),
+            hint: move |ui: &mut State| Some(hint.add_strong(ui).any()),
             output: self.output,
+            state: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 }
 
-pub trait TextBuilderOutput: Sized {
+pub trait TextBuilderOutput<State>: Sized {
     type Output;
-    fn run<H: WidgetOption>(ui: &mut Ui, builder: TextBuilder<Self, H>) -> Self::Output;
+    fn run<H: WidgetOption<State>>(
+        state: &mut State,
+        builder: TextBuilder<State, Self, H>,
+    ) -> Self::Output;
 }
 
 pub struct TextOutput;
-impl TextBuilderOutput for TextOutput {
+impl<State: HasUi> TextBuilderOutput<State> for TextOutput {
     type Output = Text;
 
-    fn run<H: WidgetOption>(ui: &mut Ui, builder: TextBuilder<Self, H>) -> Self::Output {
+    fn run<H: WidgetOption<State>>(
+        state: &mut State,
+        builder: TextBuilder<State, Self, H>,
+    ) -> Self::Output {
         let mut buf = TextBuffer::new_empty(Metrics::new(
             builder.attrs.font_size,
             builder.attrs.line_height,
         ));
-        let hint = builder.hint.get(ui);
-        let font_system = &mut ui.data().text.get_mut().font_system;
+        let hint = builder.hint.get(state);
+        let font_system = &mut state.get_mut().text.font_system;
         buf.set_text(font_system, &builder.content, &Attrs::new(), SHAPING, None);
         let mut text = Text {
             content: builder.content.into(),
@@ -88,22 +100,25 @@ impl TextBuilderOutput for TextOutput {
 }
 
 pub struct TextEditOutput {
-    single_line: bool,
+    mode: EditMode,
 }
-impl TextBuilderOutput for TextEditOutput {
+
+impl<State: HasUi> TextBuilderOutput<State> for TextEditOutput {
     type Output = TextEdit;
 
-    fn run<H: WidgetOption>(ui: &mut Ui, builder: TextBuilder<Self, H>) -> Self::Output {
+    fn run<H: WidgetOption<State>>(
+        state: &mut State,
+        builder: TextBuilder<State, Self, H>,
+    ) -> Self::Output {
         let buf = TextBuffer::new_empty(Metrics::new(
             builder.attrs.font_size,
             builder.attrs.line_height,
         ));
         let mut text = TextEdit::new(
-            TextView::new(buf, builder.attrs, builder.hint.get(ui)),
-            builder.output.single_line,
-            ui.data().text.clone(),
+            TextView::new(buf, builder.attrs, builder.hint.get(state)),
+            builder.output.mode,
         );
-        let font_system = &mut ui.data().text.get_mut().font_system;
+        let font_system = &mut state.get_mut().text.font_system;
         text.buf
             .set_text(font_system, &builder.content, &Attrs::new(), SHAPING, None);
         builder.attrs.apply(font_system, &mut text.buf, None);
@@ -111,19 +126,22 @@ impl TextBuilderOutput for TextEditOutput {
     }
 }
 
-impl<O: TextBuilderOutput, H: WidgetOption> FnOnce<(&mut Ui,)> for TextBuilder<O, H> {
+impl<State, O: TextBuilderOutput<State>, H: WidgetOption<State>> FnOnce<(&mut State,)>
+    for TextBuilder<State, O, H>
+{
     type Output = O::Output;
 
-    extern "rust-call" fn call_once(self, args: (&mut Ui,)) -> Self::Output {
+    extern "rust-call" fn call_once(self, args: (&mut State,)) -> Self::Output {
         O::run(args.0, self)
     }
 }
 
-pub fn wtext(content: impl Into<String>) -> TextBuilder {
+pub fn wtext<State>(content: impl Into<String>) -> TextBuilder<State> {
     TextBuilder {
         content: content.into(),
         attrs: TextAttrs::default(),
         hint: (),
         output: TextOutput,
+        state: PhantomData,
     }
 }

src/widget/text/edit.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
-
 use crate::prelude::*;
-use cosmic_text::{Affinity, Attrs, Cursor, LayoutRun, Motion};
+use cosmic_text::{Affinity, Attrs, Cursor, FontSystem, LayoutRun, Motion};
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use unicode_segmentation::UnicodeSegmentation;
 use winit::{
     event::KeyEvent,
@@ -13,19 +12,23 @@ pub struct TextEdit {
     selection: TextSelection,
     history: Vec<(String, TextSelection)>,
     double_hit: Option<Cursor>,
-    data: TextData,
-    pub single_line: bool,
+    pub mode: EditMode,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum EditMode {
+    SingleLine,
+    MultiLine,
 }
 
 impl TextEdit {
-    pub fn new(view: TextView, single_line: bool, data: TextData) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(view: TextView, mode: EditMode) -> Self {
         Self {
             view,
             selection: Default::default(),
             history: Default::default(),
             double_hit: None,
-            single_line,
-            data,
+            mode,
         }
     }
     pub fn select_content(&self, start: Cursor, end: Cursor) -> String {
@@ -44,369 +47,6 @@ impl TextEdit {
             str
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn take(&mut self) -> String {
-        let text = self
-            .buf
-            .lines
-            .drain(..)
-            .map(|l| l.into_text())
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-            .join("\n");
-        self.set("");
-        text
-    }
-
-    pub fn set(&mut self, text: &str) {
-        let text = self.string(text);
-        self.view.buf.set_text(
-            &mut self.data.get_mut().font_system,
-            &text,
-            &Attrs::new(),
-            SHAPING,
-            None,
-        );
-        self.selection.clear();
-    }
-
-    pub fn motion(&mut self, motion: Motion, select: bool) {
-        if let TextSelection::Pos(cursor) = self.selection
-            && let Some(new) = self.buf_motion(cursor, motion)
-        {
-            self.selection = if select {
-                TextSelection::Span {
-                    start: cursor,
-                    end: new,
-                }
-            } else {
-                TextSelection::Pos(new)
-            };
-        } else if let TextSelection::Span { start, end } = self.selection {
-            if select {
-                if let Some(cursor) = self.buf_motion(end, motion) {
-                    self.selection = TextSelection::Span { start, end: cursor };
-                }
-            } else {
-                let (start, end) = sort_cursors(start, end);
-                match motion {
-                    Motion::Left | Motion::LeftWord => self.selection = TextSelection::Pos(start),
-                    Motion::Right | Motion::RightWord => self.selection = TextSelection::Pos(end),
-                    _ => {
-                        if let Some(cursor) = self.buf_motion(end, motion) {
-                            self.selection = TextSelection::Pos(cursor);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn replace(&mut self, len: usize, text: &str) {
-        let text = self.string(text);
-        for _ in 0..len {
-            self.delete(false);
-        }
-        self.insert_inner(&text, false);
-    }
-
-    fn string(&self, text: &str) -> String {
-        if self.single_line {
-            text.replace('\n', "")
-        } else {
-            text.to_string()
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, text: &str) {
-        let text = self.string(text);
-        let mut lines = text.split('\n');
-        let Some(first) = lines.next() else {
-            return;
-        };
-        self.insert_inner(first, true);
-        for line in lines {
-            self.newline();
-            self.insert_inner(line, true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn clear_span(&mut self) -> bool {
-        if let TextSelection::Span { start, end } = self.selection {
-            self.delete_between(start, end);
-            let (start, _) = sort_cursors(start, end);
-            self.selection = TextSelection::Pos(start);
-            true
-        } else {
-            false
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn delete_between(&mut self, start: Cursor, end: Cursor) {
-        let lines = &mut self.view.buf.lines;
-        let (start, end) = sort_cursors(start, end);
-        if start.line == end.line {
-            let line = &mut lines[start.line];
-            let text = line.text();
-            let text = text[..start.index].to_string() + &text[end.index..];
-            edit_line(line, text);
-        } else {
-            // start
-            let start_text = lines[start.line].text()[..start.index].to_string();
-            let end_text = &lines[end.line].text()[end.index..];
-            let text = start_text + end_text;
-            edit_line(&mut lines[start.line], text);
-        }
-        // between
-        let range = (start.line + 1)..=end.line;
-        if !range.is_empty() {
-            lines.splice(range, None);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn insert_inner(&mut self, text: &str, mov: bool) {
-        self.clear_span();
-        if let TextSelection::Pos(cursor) = self.selection {
-            let line = &mut self.view.buf.lines[cursor.line];
-            let mut line_text = line.text().to_string();
-            line_text.insert_str(cursor.index, text);
-            edit_line(line, line_text);
-            if mov {
-                for _ in 0..text.chars().count() {
-                    self.motion(Motion::Right, false);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn newline(&mut self) {
-        if self.single_line {
-            return;
-        }
-        self.clear_span();
-        if let TextSelection::Pos(cursor) = &mut self.selection {
-            let lines = &mut self.view.buf.lines;
-            let line = &mut lines[cursor.line];
-            let new = line.split_off(cursor.index);
-            cursor.line += 1;
-            lines.insert(cursor.line, new);
-            cursor.index = 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn backspace(&mut self, word: bool) {
-        if !self.clear_span()
-            && let TextSelection::Pos(cursor) = &mut self.selection
-            && (cursor.index != 0 || cursor.line != 0)
-        {
-            self.motion(if word { Motion::LeftWord } else { Motion::Left }, false);
-            self.delete(word);
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn delete(&mut self, word: bool) {
-        if self.clear_span() {
-            return;
-        }
-        if let TextSelection::Pos(cursor) = &mut self.selection {
-            if word {
-                let start = *cursor;
-                if let Some(end) = self.buf_motion(start, Motion::RightWord) {
-                    self.delete_between(start, end);
-                }
-            } else {
-                let lines = &mut self.view.buf.lines;
-                let line = &mut lines[cursor.line];
-                if cursor.index == line.text().len() {
-                    if cursor.line == lines.len() - 1 {
-                        return;
-                    }
-                    let add = lines.remove(cursor.line + 1).into_text();
-                    let line = &mut lines[cursor.line];
-                    let mut cur = line.text().to_string();
-                    cur.push_str(&add);
-                    edit_line(line, cur);
-                } else {
-                    let mut text = line.text().to_string();
-                    text.remove(cursor.index);
-                    edit_line(line, text);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn buf_motion(&mut self, cursor: Cursor, motion: Motion) -> Option<Cursor> {
-        self.view
-            .buf
-            .cursor_motion(
-                &mut self.data.get_mut().font_system,
-                cursor,
-                None,
-                motion,
-            )
-            .map(|r| r.0)
-    }
-
-    pub fn select_word_at(&mut self, cursor: Cursor) {
-        if let (Some(start), Some(end)) = (
-            self.buf_motion(cursor, Motion::LeftWord),
-            self.buf_motion(cursor, Motion::RightWord),
-        ) {
-            self.selection = TextSelection::Span { start, end };
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn select_line_at(&mut self, cursor: Cursor) {
-        let end = self.buf.lines[cursor.line].text().len();
-        self.selection = TextSelection::Span {
-            start: Cursor::new(cursor.line, 0),
-            end: Cursor::new(cursor.line, end),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn select(&mut self, pos: Vec2, size: Vec2, drag: bool, recent: bool) {
-        let pos = pos - self.region().top_left().to_abs(size);
-        let hit = self.buf.hit(pos.x, pos.y);
-        let sel = &mut self.selection;
-        match sel {
-            TextSelection::None => {
-                if !drag && let Some(hit) = hit {
-                    *sel = TextSelection::Pos(hit)
-                }
-            }
-            TextSelection::Pos(pos) => match (hit, drag) {
-                (None, false) => *sel = TextSelection::None,
-                (None, true) => (),
-                (Some(hit), false) => {
-                    if recent && hit == *pos {
-                        self.double_hit = Some(hit);
-                        return self.select_word_at(hit);
-                    } else {
-                        *pos = hit
-                    }
-                }
-                (Some(end), true) => *sel = TextSelection::Span { start: *pos, end },
-            },
-            TextSelection::Span { start, end } => match (hit, drag) {
-                (None, false) => *sel = TextSelection::None,
-                (None, true) => *sel = TextSelection::Pos(*start),
-                (Some(hit), false) => {
-                    if recent
-                        && let Some(double) = self.double_hit
-                        && double == hit
-                    {
-                        return self.select_line_at(hit);
-                    } else {
-                        *sel = TextSelection::Pos(hit)
-                    }
-                }
-                (Some(hit), true) => *end = hit,
-            },
-        }
-        if let TextSelection::Span { start, end } = sel
-            && start == end
-        {
-            *sel = TextSelection::Pos(*start);
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn deselect(&mut self) {
-        self.selection = TextSelection::None;
-    }
-
-    pub fn apply_event(&mut self, event: &KeyEvent, modifiers: &Modifiers) -> TextInputResult {
-        let old = (self.content(), self.selection);
-        let mut undo = false;
-        let res = self.apply_event_inner(event, modifiers, &mut undo);
-        if undo && let Some((old, selection)) = self.history.pop() {
-            self.set(&old);
-            self.selection = selection;
-        } else if self.content() != old.0 {
-            self.history.push(old);
-        }
-        res
-    }
-
-    fn apply_event_inner(
-        &mut self,
-        event: &KeyEvent,
-        modifiers: &Modifiers,
-        undo: &mut bool,
-    ) -> TextInputResult {
-        match &event.logical_key {
-            Key::Named(named) => match named {
-                NamedKey::Backspace => self.backspace(modifiers.control),
-                NamedKey::Delete => self.delete(modifiers.control),
-                NamedKey::Space => self.insert(" "),
-                NamedKey::Enter => {
-                    if modifiers.shift {
-                        self.newline();
-                    } else {
-                        return TextInputResult::Submit;
-                    }
-                }
-                NamedKey::ArrowRight => {
-                    if modifiers.control {
-                        self.motion(Motion::RightWord, modifiers.shift)
-                    } else {
-                        self.motion(Motion::Right, modifiers.shift)
-                    }
-                }
-                NamedKey::ArrowLeft => {
-                    if modifiers.control {
-                        self.motion(Motion::LeftWord, modifiers.shift)
-                    } else {
-                        self.motion(Motion::Left, modifiers.shift)
-                    }
-                }
-                NamedKey::ArrowUp => self.motion(Motion::Up, modifiers.shift),
-                NamedKey::ArrowDown => self.motion(Motion::Down, modifiers.shift),
-                NamedKey::Escape => {
-                    self.deselect();
-                    return TextInputResult::Unfocus;
-                }
-                _ => return TextInputResult::Unused,
-            },
-            Key::Character(text) => {
-                if modifiers.control {
-                    match text.as_str() {
-                        "v" => return TextInputResult::Paste,
-                        "c" => {
-                            if let TextSelection::Span { start, end } = self.selection {
-                                let content = self.select_content(start, end);
-                                return TextInputResult::Copy(content);
-                            }
-                        }
-                        "x" => {
-                            if let TextSelection::Span { start, end } = self.selection {
-                                let content = self.select_content(start, end);
-                                self.clear_span();
-                                return TextInputResult::Copy(content);
-                            }
-                        }
-                        "a" => {
-                            if !self.buf.lines[0].text().is_empty() || self.buf.lines.len() > 1 {
-                                let lines = &self.buf.lines;
-                                let last_line = lines.len() - 1;
-                                let last_idx = lines[last_line].text().len();
-                                self.selection = TextSelection::Span {
-                                    start: Cursor::new(0, 0),
-                                    end: Cursor::new(last_line, last_idx),
-                                };
-                            }
-                        }
-                        "z" => {
-                            *undo = true;
-                        }
-                        _ => self.insert(text),
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    self.insert(text);
-                }
-            }
-            _ => return TextInputResult::Unused,
-        }
-        TextInputResult::Used
-    }
 }
 
 impl Widget for TextEdit {
@@ -540,6 +180,373 @@ fn cursor_pos(cursor: Cursor, buf: &TextBuffer) -> Option<Vec2> {
     prev
 }
 
+pub struct TextEditCtx<'a> {
+    pub text: &'a mut TextEdit,
+    pub font_system: &'a mut FontSystem,
+}
+
+impl<'a> TextEditCtx<'a> {
+    pub fn take(&mut self) -> String {
+        let text = self
+            .text
+            .buf
+            .lines
+            .drain(..)
+            .map(|l| l.into_text())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join("\n");
+        self.text
+            .buf
+            .set_text(self.font_system, "", &Attrs::new(), SHAPING, None);
+        self.text.selection.clear();
+        text
+    }
+
+    pub fn set(&mut self, text: &str) {
+        let text = self.string(text);
+        self.text
+            .buf
+            .set_text(self.font_system, &text, &Attrs::new(), SHAPING, None);
+        self.text.selection.clear();
+    }
+
+    pub fn motion(&mut self, motion: Motion, select: bool) {
+        if let TextSelection::Pos(cursor) = self.text.selection
+            && let Some(new) = self.buf_motion(cursor, motion)
+        {
+            if select {
+                self.text.selection = TextSelection::Span {
+                    start: cursor,
+                    end: new,
+                };
+            } else {
+                self.text.selection = TextSelection::Pos(new);
+            }
+        } else if let TextSelection::Span { start, end } = self.text.selection {
+            if select {
+                if let Some(cursor) = self.buf_motion(end, motion) {
+                    self.text.selection = TextSelection::Span { start, end: cursor };
+                }
+            } else {
+                let (start, end) = sort_cursors(start, end);
+                let sel = &mut self.text.selection;
+                match motion {
+                    Motion::Left | Motion::LeftWord => *sel = TextSelection::Pos(start),
+                    Motion::Right | Motion::RightWord => *sel = TextSelection::Pos(end),
+                    _ => {
+                        if let Some(cursor) = self.buf_motion(end, motion) {
+                            self.text.selection = TextSelection::Pos(cursor);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn replace(&mut self, len: usize, text: &str) {
+        let text = self.string(text);
+        for _ in 0..len {
+            self.delete(false);
+        }
+        self.insert_inner(&text, false);
+    }
+
+    fn string(&self, text: &str) -> String {
+        if self.text.mode == EditMode::SingleLine {
+            text.replace('\n', "")
+        } else {
+            text.to_string()
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, text: &str) {
+        let text = self.string(text);
+        let mut lines = text.split('\n');
+        let Some(first) = lines.next() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        self.insert_inner(first, true);
+        for line in lines {
+            self.newline();
+            self.insert_inner(line, true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear_span(&mut self) -> bool {
+        if let TextSelection::Span { start, end } = self.text.selection {
+            self.delete_between(start, end);
+            let (start, _) = sort_cursors(start, end);
+            self.text.selection = TextSelection::Pos(start);
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn delete_between(&mut self, start: Cursor, end: Cursor) {
+        let lines = &mut self.text.view.buf.lines;
+        let (start, end) = sort_cursors(start, end);
+        if start.line == end.line {
+            let line = &mut lines[start.line];
+            let text = line.text();
+            let text = text[..start.index].to_string() + &text[end.index..];
+            edit_line(line, text);
+        } else {
+            // start
+            let start_text = lines[start.line].text()[..start.index].to_string();
+            let end_text = &lines[end.line].text()[end.index..];
+            let text = start_text + end_text;
+            edit_line(&mut lines[start.line], text);
+        }
+        // between
+        let range = (start.line + 1)..=end.line;
+        if !range.is_empty() {
+            lines.splice(range, None);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn insert_inner(&mut self, text: &str, mov: bool) {
+        self.clear_span();
+        if let TextSelection::Pos(cursor) = &mut self.text.selection {
+            let line = &mut self.text.view.buf.lines[cursor.line];
+            let mut line_text = line.text().to_string();
+            line_text.insert_str(cursor.index, text);
+            edit_line(line, line_text);
+            if mov {
+                for _ in 0..text.chars().count() {
+                    self.motion(Motion::Right, false);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn newline(&mut self) {
+        if self.text.mode == EditMode::SingleLine {
+            return;
+        }
+        self.clear_span();
+        if let TextSelection::Pos(cursor) = &mut self.text.selection {
+            let lines = &mut self.text.view.buf.lines;
+            let line = &mut lines[cursor.line];
+            let new = line.split_off(cursor.index);
+            cursor.line += 1;
+            lines.insert(cursor.line, new);
+            cursor.index = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn backspace(&mut self, word: bool) {
+        if !self.clear_span()
+            && let TextSelection::Pos(cursor) = &mut self.text.selection
+            && (cursor.index != 0 || cursor.line != 0)
+        {
+            self.motion(if word { Motion::LeftWord } else { Motion::Left }, false);
+            self.delete(word);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn delete(&mut self, word: bool) {
+        if !self.clear_span()
+            && let TextSelection::Pos(cursor) = &mut self.text.selection
+        {
+            if word {
+                let start = *cursor;
+                if let Some(end) = self.buf_motion(start, Motion::RightWord) {
+                    self.delete_between(start, end);
+                }
+            } else {
+                let lines = &mut self.text.view.buf.lines;
+                let line = &mut lines[cursor.line];
+                if cursor.index == line.text().len() {
+                    if cursor.line == lines.len() - 1 {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    let add = lines.remove(cursor.line + 1).into_text();
+                    let line = &mut lines[cursor.line];
+                    let mut cur = line.text().to_string();
+                    cur.push_str(&add);
+                    edit_line(line, cur);
+                } else {
+                    let mut text = line.text().to_string();
+                    text.remove(cursor.index);
+                    edit_line(line, text);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn buf_motion(&mut self, cursor: Cursor, motion: Motion) -> Option<Cursor> {
+        self.text
+            .buf
+            .cursor_motion(self.font_system, cursor, None, motion)
+            .map(|r| r.0)
+    }
+
+    pub fn select_word_at(&mut self, cursor: Cursor) {
+        if let (Some(start), Some(end)) = (
+            self.buf_motion(cursor, Motion::LeftWord),
+            self.buf_motion(cursor, Motion::RightWord),
+        ) {
+            self.text.selection = TextSelection::Span { start, end };
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn select_line_at(&mut self, cursor: Cursor) {
+        let end = self.text.buf.lines[cursor.line].text().len();
+        self.text.selection = TextSelection::Span {
+            start: Cursor::new(cursor.line, 0),
+            end: Cursor::new(cursor.line, end),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn select(&mut self, pos: Vec2, size: Vec2, drag: bool, recent: bool) {
+        let pos = pos - self.text.region().top_left().to_abs(size);
+        let hit = self.text.buf.hit(pos.x, pos.y);
+        let sel = &mut self.text.selection;
+        match sel {
+            TextSelection::None => {
+                if !drag && let Some(hit) = hit {
+                    *sel = TextSelection::Pos(hit)
+                }
+            }
+            TextSelection::Pos(pos) => match (hit, drag) {
+                (None, false) => *sel = TextSelection::None,
+                (None, true) => (),
+                (Some(hit), false) => {
+                    if recent && hit == *pos {
+                        self.text.double_hit = Some(hit);
+                        return self.select_word_at(hit);
+                    } else {
+                        *pos = hit
+                    }
+                }
+                (Some(end), true) => *sel = TextSelection::Span { start: *pos, end },
+            },
+            TextSelection::Span { start, end } => match (hit, drag) {
+                (None, false) => *sel = TextSelection::None,
+                (None, true) => *sel = TextSelection::Pos(*start),
+                (Some(hit), false) => {
+                    if recent
+                        && let Some(double) = self.text.double_hit
+                        && double == hit
+                    {
+                        return self.select_line_at(hit);
+                    } else {
+                        *sel = TextSelection::Pos(hit)
+                    }
+                }
+                (Some(hit), true) => *end = hit,
+            },
+        }
+        if let TextSelection::Span { start, end } = sel
+            && start == end
+        {
+            *sel = TextSelection::Pos(*start);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn deselect(&mut self) {
+        self.text.selection = TextSelection::None;
+    }
+
+    pub fn apply_event(&mut self, event: &KeyEvent, modifiers: &Modifiers) -> TextInputResult {
+        let old = (self.text.content(), self.text.selection);
+        let mut undo = false;
+        let res = self.apply_event_inner(event, modifiers, &mut undo);
+        if undo && let Some((old, selection)) = self.text.history.pop() {
+            self.set(&old);
+            self.text.selection = selection;
+        } else if self.text.content() != old.0 {
+            self.text.history.push(old);
+        }
+        res
+    }
+
+    fn apply_event_inner(
+        &mut self,
+        event: &KeyEvent,
+        modifiers: &Modifiers,
+        undo: &mut bool,
+    ) -> TextInputResult {
+        match &event.logical_key {
+            Key::Named(named) => match named {
+                NamedKey::Backspace => self.backspace(modifiers.control),
+                NamedKey::Delete => self.delete(modifiers.control),
+                NamedKey::Space => self.insert(" "),
+                NamedKey::Enter => {
+                    if modifiers.shift {
+                        self.newline();
+                    } else {
+                        return TextInputResult::Submit;
+                    }
+                }
+                NamedKey::ArrowRight => {
+                    if modifiers.control {
+                        self.motion(Motion::RightWord, modifiers.shift)
+                    } else {
+                        self.motion(Motion::Right, modifiers.shift)
+                    }
+                }
+                NamedKey::ArrowLeft => {
+                    if modifiers.control {
+                        self.motion(Motion::LeftWord, modifiers.shift)
+                    } else {
+                        self.motion(Motion::Left, modifiers.shift)
+                    }
+                }
+                NamedKey::ArrowUp => self.motion(Motion::Up, modifiers.shift),
+                NamedKey::ArrowDown => self.motion(Motion::Down, modifiers.shift),
+                NamedKey::Escape => {
+                    self.deselect();
+                    return TextInputResult::Unfocus;
+                }
+                _ => return TextInputResult::Unused,
+            },
+            Key::Character(text) => {
+                if modifiers.control {
+                    match text.as_str() {
+                        "v" => return TextInputResult::Paste,
+                        "c" => {
+                            if let TextSelection::Span { start, end } = self.text.selection {
+                                let content = self.text.select_content(start, end);
+                                return TextInputResult::Copy(content);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        "x" => {
+                            if let TextSelection::Span { start, end } = self.text.selection {
+                                let content = self.text.select_content(start, end);
+                                self.clear_span();
+                                return TextInputResult::Copy(content);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        "a" => {
+                            if !self.text.buf.lines[0].text().is_empty()
+                                || self.text.buf.lines.len() > 1
+                            {
+                                let lines = &self.text.buf.lines;
+                                let last_line = lines.len() - 1;
+                                let last_idx = lines[last_line].text().len();
+                                self.text.selection = TextSelection::Span {
+                                    start: Cursor::new(0, 0),
+                                    end: Cursor::new(last_line, last_idx),
+                                };
+                            }
+                        }
+                        "z" => {
+                            *undo = true;
+                        }
+                        _ => self.insert(text),
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    self.insert(text);
+                }
+            }
+            _ => return TextInputResult::Unused,
+        }
+        TextInputResult::Used
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct Modifiers {
     pub shift: bool,
@@ -608,3 +615,17 @@ impl DerefMut for TextEdit {
         &mut self.view
     }
 }
+
+pub trait TextEditable {
+    fn edit<'a>(&self, ui: &'a mut impl HasUi) -> TextEditCtx<'a>;
+}
+
+impl<I: IdLike<Widget = TextEdit>> TextEditable for I {
+    fn edit<'a>(&self, ui: &'a mut impl HasUi) -> TextEditCtx<'a> {
+        let ui = ui.ui_mut();
+        TextEditCtx {
+            text: ui.widgets.get_mut(self).unwrap(),
+            font_system: &mut ui.text.font_system,
+        }
+    }
+}

src/widget/text/mod.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ mod edit;
 
 pub use build::*;
 pub use edit::*;
+use iris_core::util::MutDetect;
 
-use crate::{prelude::*, util::MutDetect};
+use crate::prelude::*;
 use cosmic_text::{Attrs, BufferLine, Cursor, Metrics, Shaping};
 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 
@@ -21,11 +22,11 @@ pub struct TextView {
     // cache
     tex: Option<RenderedText>,
     width: Option<f32>,
-    pub hint: Option<WidgetRef>,
+    pub hint: Option<WidgetHandle>,
 }
 
 impl TextView {
-    pub fn new(buf: TextBuffer, attrs: TextAttrs, hint: Option<WidgetRef>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(buf: TextBuffer, attrs: TextAttrs, hint: Option<WidgetHandle>) -> Self {
         Self {
             attrs: attrs.into(),
             buf: buf.into(),
@@ -67,12 +68,9 @@ impl TextView {
             return tex.clone();
         }
         self.width = width;
-        let mut text_data = ctx.text.get_mut();
-        self.attrs
-            .apply(&mut text_data.font_system, &mut self.buf, width);
-        self.buf
-            .shape_until_scroll(&mut text_data.font_system, false);
-        drop(text_data);
+        let font_system = &mut ctx.text.font_system;
+        self.attrs.apply(font_system, &mut self.buf, width);
+        self.buf.shape_until_scroll(font_system, false);
         let tex = ctx.draw_text(&mut self.buf, &self.attrs);
         self.tex = Some(tex.clone());
         self.attrs.changed = false;
@@ -139,7 +137,7 @@ impl Text {
         if self.content.changed {
             self.content.changed = false;
             self.view.buf.set_text(
-                &mut ctx.text.get_mut().font_system,
+                &mut ctx.text.font_system,
                 &self.content,
                 &Attrs::new().family(self.view.attrs.family),
                 SHAPING,

src/widget/trait_fns.rs

@@ -1,147 +1,149 @@
+use super::*;
 use crate::prelude::*;
-use iris_macro::widget_trait;
 
 // these methods should "not require any context" (require unit) because they're in core
-event_ctx!(());
-
 widget_trait! {
-    pub trait CoreWidget;
+    pub trait CoreWidget<State: HasUi + StateLike<State> + 'static>;
 
-    fn pad(self, padding: impl Into<Padding>) -> impl WidgetFn<Pad> {
-        |ui| Pad {
+    fn pad(self, padding: impl Into<Padding>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Pad> {
+        |state| Pad {
             padding: padding.into(),
-            inner: self.add(ui),
+            inner: self.add_strong(state),
         }
     }
 
-    fn align(self, align: impl Into<Align>) -> impl WidgetFn<Aligned> {
-        move |ui| Aligned {
-            inner: self.add(ui),
+    fn align(self, align: impl Into<Align>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Aligned> {
+        move |state| Aligned {
+            inner: self.add_strong(state),
             align: align.into(),
         }
     }
 
-    fn center(self) -> impl WidgetFn<Aligned> {
+    fn center(self) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Aligned> {
         self.align(Align::CENTER)
     }
 
-    fn label(self, label: impl Into<String>) -> impl WidgetIdFn<WL::Widget> {
-        |ui| {
-            let id = self.add(ui);
-            id.set_label(label);
+    fn label(self, label: impl Into<String>) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State, WL::Widget> {
+        |state| {
+            let id = self.add(state);
+            state.get_mut().set_label(id, label.into());
             id
         }
     }
 
-    fn sized(self, size: impl Into<Size>) -> impl WidgetFn<Sized> {
+    fn sized(self, size: impl Into<Size>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Sized> {
         let size = size.into();
-        move |ui| Sized {
-            inner: self.add(ui),
+        move |state| Sized {
+            inner: self.add_strong(state),
             x: Some(size.x),
             y: Some(size.y),
         }
     }
 
-    fn max_width(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<MaxSize> {
+    fn max_width(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, MaxSize> {
         let len = len.into();
-        move |ui| MaxSize {
-            inner: self.add(ui),
+        move |state| MaxSize {
+            inner: self.add_strong(state),
             x: Some(len),
             y: None,
         }
     }
 
-    fn max_height(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<MaxSize> {
+    fn max_height(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, MaxSize> {
         let len = len.into();
-        move |ui| MaxSize {
-            inner: self.add(ui),
+        move |state| MaxSize {
+            inner: self.add_strong(state),
             x: None,
             y: Some(len),
         }
     }
 
-    fn width(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<Sized> {
+    fn width(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Sized> {
         let len = len.into();
-        move |ui| Sized {
-            inner: self.add(ui),
+        move |state| Sized {
+            inner: self.add_strong(state),
             x: Some(len),
             y: None,
         }
     }
 
-    fn height(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<Sized> {
+    fn height(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Sized> {
         let len = len.into();
-        move |ui| Sized {
-            inner: self.add(ui),
+        move |state| Sized {
+            inner: self.add_strong(state),
             x: None,
             y: Some(len),
         }
     }
 
-    fn offset(self, amt: impl Into<UiVec2>) -> impl WidgetFn<Offset> {
-        move |ui| Offset {
-            inner: self.add(ui),
+    fn offset(self, amt: impl Into<UiVec2>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Offset> {
+        move |state| Offset {
+            inner: self.add_strong(state),
             amt: amt.into(),
         }
     }
 
-    fn scroll(self) -> impl WidgetIdFn<Scroll> {
-        move |ui| {
-            Scroll::new(self.add(ui), Axis::Y)
-                .on(CursorSense::Scroll, |ctx| {
-                    let s = &mut *ctx.widget.get_mut();
-                    s.scroll(ctx.data.scroll_delta.y * 50.0);
+    fn scrollable(self) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State, Scroll> where State: HasEvents {
+        use eventable::*;
+        move |state| {
+            Scroll::new(self.add_strong(state), Axis::Y)
+                .on(CursorSense::Scroll, |ctx: &mut EventIdCtx<'_, State::State, CursorData<'_>, Scroll>| {
+                    let delta = ctx.data.scroll_delta.y * 50.0;
+                    ctx.widget().scroll(delta);
                 })
-                .add(ui)
+                .add(state)
         }
     }
 
-    fn masked(self) -> impl WidgetFn<Masked> {
-        move |ui| Masked {
-            inner: self.add(ui),
+    fn masked(self) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Masked> {
+        move |state| Masked {
+            inner: self.add_strong(state),
         }
     }
 
-    fn background<T,>(self, w: impl WidgetLike<T>) -> impl WidgetFn<Stack> {
-        move |ui| Stack {
-            children: vec![w.add(ui), self.add(ui)],
+    fn background<T>(self, w: impl WidgetLike<State, T>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Stack> {
+        move |state| Stack {
+            children: vec![w.add_strong(state), self.add_strong(state)],
             size: StackSize::Child(1),
         }
     }
 
-    fn foreground<T,>(self, w: impl WidgetLike<T>) -> impl WidgetFn<Stack> {
-        move |ui| Stack {
-            children: vec![self.add(ui), w.add(ui)],
+    fn foreground<T>(self, w: impl WidgetLike<State, T>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Stack> {
+        move |state| Stack {
+            children: vec![self.add_strong(state), w.add_strong(state)],
             size: StackSize::Child(0),
         }
     }
 
-    fn layer_offset(self, offset: usize) -> impl WidgetFn<LayerOffset> {
-        move |ui| LayerOffset {
-            inner: self.add(ui),
+    fn layer_offset(self, offset: usize) -> impl WidgetFn<State, LayerOffset> {
+        move |state| LayerOffset {
+            inner: self.add_strong(state),
             offset,
         }
     }
 
-    fn to_any(self) -> impl WidgetRet {
-        |ui| self.add(ui)
+    fn to_any(self) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State> {
+        |state| self.add(state)
     }
 
-    fn set_ptr(self, ptr: &WidgetRef<WidgetPtr>, ui: &mut Ui) {
-        ptr.get_mut().inner = Some(self.add(ui));
+    fn set_ptr(self, ptr: WidgetRef<WidgetPtr>, state: &mut State) {
+        let id = self.add_strong(state);
+        state.get_mut()[ptr].inner = Some(id);
     }
 }
 
-pub trait CoreWidgetArr<const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<LEN, Tag>, Tag> {
-    fn span(self, dir: Dir) -> SpanBuilder<LEN, Wa, Tag>;
-    fn stack(self) -> StackBuilder<LEN, Wa, Tag>;
+pub trait CoreWidgetArr<State, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, Tag>, Tag> {
+    fn span(self, dir: Dir) -> SpanBuilder<State, LEN, Wa, Tag>;
+    fn stack(self) -> StackBuilder<State, LEN, Wa, Tag>;
 }
 
-impl<const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<LEN, Tag>, Tag> CoreWidgetArr<LEN, Wa, Tag> for Wa {
-    fn span(self, dir: Dir) -> SpanBuilder<LEN, Wa, Tag> {
+impl<State, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, Tag>, Tag>
+    CoreWidgetArr<State, LEN, Wa, Tag> for Wa
+{
+    fn span(self, dir: Dir) -> SpanBuilder<State, LEN, Wa, Tag> {
         SpanBuilder::new(self, dir)
     }
-    fn stack(self) -> StackBuilder<LEN, Wa, Tag> {
+    fn stack(self) -> StackBuilder<State, LEN, Wa, Tag> {
         StackBuilder::new(self)
     }
 }