Take a strong widget to depend on, and use the question mark

`depend_on_size` took a bare `WidgetId`, which any id at all satisfies.
It takes a `&StrongWidget` now, so `DrawResult` carries the handle it
was drawn from rather than an id copied out of it and nothing can claim
a dependency on a widget it does not hold.

`UiSpan::outside` matched on a pair of `Option`s where `?` says it. It
was written that way while the method was still `const`, and it is not.

No call site changed. Checked: fmt, clippy and 35 tests; `tabs`, `view`,
`minimal` and `text` render unchanged, and the live sway resize round
trip still matches a cold start at each size.

core/src/orientation/pos.rs

@@ -56,13 +56,6 @@ impl UiVec2 {
         }
     }
 
-    pub const fn outside(&self, region: &UiRegion) -> UiVec2 {
-        UiVec2 {
-            x: self.x.outside(&region.x),
-            y: self.y.outside(&region.y),
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn axis_mut(&mut self, axis: Axis) -> &mut UiScalar {
         match axis {
             Axis::X => &mut self.x,
@@ -209,10 +202,12 @@ impl UiScalar {
         }
     }
 
-    pub const fn outside(&self, span: &UiSpan) -> Self {
-        let rel = self.rel.lerp_inv(span.start.rel, span.end.rel);
+    /// Undoes `within`, and `None` where the span has a fixed length: every
+    /// fraction of it lands on the same `rel`, so none can be told apart.
+    pub fn outside(&self, span: &UiSpan) -> Option<Self> {
+        let rel = self.rel.lerp_inv(span.start.rel, span.end.rel)?;
         let abs = self.abs - rel.lerp(span.start.abs, span.end.abs);
-        Self { rel, abs }
+        Some(Self { rel, abs })
     }
 
     pub fn within_len(&self, len: UiScalar) -> Self {
@@ -283,11 +278,11 @@ impl UiSpan {
         }
     }
 
-    pub const fn outside(&self, parent: &Self) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            start: self.start.outside(parent),
-            end: self.end.outside(parent),
-        }
+    pub fn outside(&self, parent: &Self) -> Option<Self> {
+        Some(Self {
+            start: self.start.outside(parent)?,
+            end: self.end.outside(parent)?,
+        })
     }
 
     pub const fn len(&self) -> UiScalar {
@@ -324,14 +319,7 @@ impl UiRegion {
             y: self.y.within(&parent.y),
         }
     }
-    pub const fn outside(&self, parent: &Self) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            x: self.x.outside(&parent.x),
-            y: self.y.outside(&parent.y),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub const fn axis(&mut self, axis: Axis) -> &UiSpan {
+    pub const fn axis(&self, axis: Axis) -> &UiSpan {
         match axis {
             Axis::X => &self.x,
             Axis::Y => &self.y,
@@ -409,6 +397,50 @@ impl UiRegion {
     }
 }
 
+/// Taking a drawing out of one box and putting it in another, checked once
+/// for a whole subtree so that applying it cannot fail.
+///
+/// A box of a fixed length holds each part as an offset from its start rather
+/// than as a fraction of it, so those parts can be carried to a box of the
+/// same length but never stretched to a different one.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Remap {
+    from: UiRegion,
+    to: UiRegion,
+}
+
+impl Remap {
+    pub fn new(from: UiRegion, to: UiRegion) -> Option<Self> {
+        [Axis::X, Axis::Y]
+            .into_iter()
+            .all(|axis| {
+                let (from, to) = (from.axis(axis), to.axis(axis));
+                from.start.rel != from.end.rel || from.len() == to.len()
+            })
+            .then_some(Self { from, to })
+    }
+
+    pub fn apply(&self, region: UiRegion) -> UiRegion {
+        UiRegion {
+            x: Self::span(region.x, self.from.x, self.to.x),
+            y: Self::span(region.y, self.from.y, self.to.y),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn span(span: UiSpan, from: UiSpan, to: UiSpan) -> UiSpan {
+        match span.outside(&from) {
+            Some(out) => out.within(&to),
+            // `new` admits this only where the two are the same length, so
+            // the difference between their starts is the whole move.
+            None => {
+                let mut span = span;
+                span.shift(to.start - from.start);
+                span
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Display for UiRegion {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         write!(

core/src/ui/active.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
-use crate::{LayerId, MaskIdx, PrimitiveHandle, TextureHandle, UiRegion, WidgetId};
+use crate::{LayerId, MaskIdx, PrimitiveHandle, Size, TextureHandle, UiRegion, WidgetId};
 
 /// important non rendering data for retained drawing
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ActiveData {
     pub id: WidgetId,
     pub region: UiRegion,
+    /// What the widget said it used of `region`, the last time it drew.
+    pub size: Size,
     pub parent: Option<WidgetId>,
     pub textures: Vec<TextureHandle>,
     pub primitives: Vec<PrimitiveHandle>,
     pub children: Vec<WidgetId>,
+    /// The children whose size this widget read while drawing.
+    pub size_deps: Vec<WidgetId>,
+    /// Whether it read the output's size, and so is wrong when that changes.
+    pub reads_output: bool,
     pub mask: MaskIdx,
     pub layer: LayerId,
 }

core/src/ui/cache.rs

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-use crate::{BothAxis, Len, UiVec2, WidgetId, util::HashMap};
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub struct Cache {
-    pub size: BothAxis<HashMap<WidgetId, (UiVec2, Len)>>,
-}
-
-impl Cache {
-    pub fn remove(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
-        self.size.x.remove(&id);
-        self.size.y.remove(&id);
-    }
-
-    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
-        self.size.x.clear();
-        self.size.y.clear();
-    }
-}

core/src/ui/mod.rs

@@ -3,15 +3,12 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 mod active;
-mod cache;
 mod painter;
 mod render_state;
-mod size;
 
 pub use active::*;
 pub use painter::{Painter, PrimitiveLike};
 pub use render_state::*;
-pub use size::*;
 
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct UiData {

core/src/ui/painter.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{
-    Axis, Len, RenderedText, Size, SizeCtx, StrongWidget, TextAttrs, TextBuffer, TextData,
-    TextureHandle, UiRegion, UiRenderState, UiRsc, UiScalar, UiVec2, Widget, WidgetId,
+    Axis, Len, RenderedText, Size, StrongWidget, TextAttrs, TextBuffer, TextData, TextureHandle,
+    UiRegion, UiRenderState, UiRsc, UiScalar, UiVec2, WidgetId,
     render::{
         GlyphPrimitive, Mask, MaskIdx, Primitive, PrimitiveHandle, PrimitiveInst, PrimitiveKind,
         TexturePrimitive,
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ pub struct Painter<'a> {
     pub(super) textures: Vec<TextureHandle>,
     pub(super) primitives: Vec<PrimitiveHandle>,
     pub(super) children: Vec<WidgetId>,
+    /// The children whose size this widget read while drawing.
+    pub(super) size_deps: Vec<WidgetId>,
+    pub(super) reads_output: bool,
     pub layer: usize,
     pub(super) id: WidgetId,
 }
@@ -68,19 +71,31 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Draws a widget within this widget's region.
-    pub fn widget<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &StrongWidget<W>) {
-        self.widget_at(id, self.region);
+    pub fn widget<'s, W: ?Sized>(&'s mut self, id: &'s StrongWidget<W>) -> DrawResult<'s, 'a, W> {
+        self.widget_at(id, self.region)
     }
 
-    /// Draws a widget somewhere within this one.
-    /// Useful for drawing child widgets in select areas.
-    pub fn widget_within<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &StrongWidget<W>, region: UiRegion) {
-        self.widget_at(id, region.within(&self.region));
+    /// Draws a widget somewhere within this one. Drawing one a second time
+    /// gives it a new box, keeping the drawing it already has where it can.
+    pub fn widget_within<'s, W: ?Sized>(
+        &'s mut self,
+        id: &'s StrongWidget<W>,
+        region: UiRegion,
+    ) -> DrawResult<'s, 'a, W> {
+        let region = region.within(&self.region);
+        self.widget_at(id, region)
     }
 
-    fn widget_at<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &StrongWidget<W>, region: UiRegion) {
-        self.children.push(id.id());
-        self.state.draw_inner(
+    fn widget_at<'s, W: ?Sized>(
+        &'s mut self,
+        id: &'s StrongWidget<W>,
+        region: UiRegion,
+    ) -> DrawResult<'s, 'a, W> {
+        // A child listed twice would be moved twice.
+        if !self.children.contains(&id.id()) {
+            self.children.push(id.id());
+        }
+        let size = self.state.draw_inner(
             self.layer,
             id.id(),
             region,
@@ -89,6 +104,25 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
             None,
             self.rsc,
         );
+        DrawResult {
+            child: id,
+            painter: self,
+            size,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// What a child says its length is without being drawn, if it can say.
+    /// Asking counts as reading its size.
+    pub fn size_hint<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &StrongWidget<W>, axis: Axis) -> Option<Len> {
+        let hint = self.rsc.widgets().get_dyn(id.id())?.size_hint(axis)?;
+        self.depend_on_size(id);
+        Some(hint)
+    }
+
+    fn depend_on_size<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, child: &StrongWidget<W>) {
+        if !self.size_deps.contains(&child.id()) {
+            self.size_deps.push(child.id());
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn render_text(
@@ -129,22 +163,17 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
         self.region
     }
 
-    pub fn size<W: ?Sized + Widget>(&mut self, id: &StrongWidget<W>) -> Size {
-        self.size_ctx().size(id)
-    }
-
-    pub fn len_axis<W: ?Sized + Widget>(&mut self, id: &StrongWidget<W>, axis: Axis) -> Len {
-        match axis {
-            Axis::X => self.size_ctx().width(id),
-            Axis::Y => self.size_ctx().height(id),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn output_size(&self) -> Vec2 {
+    /// The output's size in pixels. A widget that reads it draws again when
+    /// the output changes, since nothing else can put that right.
+    pub fn output_size(&mut self) -> Vec2 {
+        self.reads_output = true;
         self.state.output_size
     }
 
+    /// This widget's box in pixels. Resolved against the output's size, so a
+    /// widget that reads it draws again when the output changes.
     pub fn px_size(&mut self) -> Vec2 {
+        self.reads_output = true;
         self.region.size().to_abs(self.state.output_size)
     }
 
@@ -167,9 +196,25 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
     pub fn id(&self) -> &WidgetId {
         &self.id
     }
+}
 
-    pub fn size_ctx(&mut self) -> SizeCtx<'_> {
-        self.state.size_ctx(self.id, self.region.size(), self.rsc)
+/// A child that has just been drawn. Reading its size records that this
+/// widget's own size depends on it; dropping it without reading draws the
+/// child and leaves the parent independent of what it came to.
+pub struct DrawResult<'p, 'a, W: ?Sized> {
+    painter: &'p mut Painter<'a>,
+    child: &'p StrongWidget<W>,
+    size: Size,
+}
+
+impl<W: ?Sized> DrawResult<'_, '_, W> {
+    pub fn size(self) -> Size {
+        self.painter.depend_on_size(self.child);
+        self.size
+    }
+
+    pub fn len(self, axis: Axis) -> Len {
+        self.size().axis(axis)
     }
 }
 

core/src/ui/render_state.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{
-    ActiveData, Axis, DrawLayers, IdLike, MaskIdx, Painter, PixelRegion, SizeCtx, StrongWidget,
-    UiRegion, UiRsc, UiVec2, WidgetId, Widgets,
-    ui::cache::Cache,
+    ActiveData, Axis, DrawLayers, IdLike, MaskIdx, OnResize, Painter, PixelRegion, Remap, Size,
+    StrongWidget, UiRegion, UiRsc, WidgetId, Widgets,
     util::{HashMap, HashSet, Vec2, forget_ref},
 };
 
@@ -9,7 +8,6 @@ pub struct UiRenderState {
     pub active: HashMap<WidgetId, ActiveData>,
     pub layers: DrawLayers,
     pub(super) output_size: Vec2,
-    pub cache: Cache,
 
     old_root: Option<WidgetId>,
     resized: bool,
@@ -21,7 +19,6 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         Self {
             active: Default::default(),
             layers: Default::default(),
-            cache: Default::default(),
             output_size: Vec2::ZERO,
             old_root: None,
             resized: false,
@@ -56,11 +53,21 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             );
         }
         let root = root.into();
-        if self.needs_full_redraw(root) {
+        if self.root_changed(root) {
             self.redraw_all(root, rsc);
             self.old_root = root.map(|r| r.id());
-            self.resized = false;
-        } else if rsc.widgets().has_updates() {
+        } else if self.resized {
+            // A region is a fraction of the output plus an offset, resolved
+            // against the window in the shader, so a resize moves the whole
+            // drawing on its own. Only a widget that read pixels can be wrong.
+            for (&id, active) in &self.active {
+                if active.reads_output {
+                    rsc.widgets_mut().needs_redraw.insert(id);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        self.resized = false;
+        if rsc.widgets().has_updates() {
             self.redraw_updates(rsc);
         }
     }
@@ -84,19 +91,11 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         mask: MaskIdx,
         old_children: Option<Vec<WidgetId>>,
         rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc,
-    ) {
+    ) -> Size {
         let mut old_children = old_children.unwrap_or_default();
-        if let Some(active) = self.active.get_mut(&id)
-            && !rsc.widgets().needs_redraw.contains(&id)
-        {
-            // check to see if we can skip drawing first
-            if active.region == region {
-                return;
-            } else if active.region.size() == region.size() {
-                // TODO: epsilon?
-                let from = active.region;
-                self.mov(id, from, region);
-                return;
+        if self.active.contains_key(&id) {
+            if let Some(size) = self.try_reuse(id, region, rsc) {
+                return size;
             }
             // if not, then maintain resize and track old children to remove unneeded
             let active = self.remove(id, false, rsc).unwrap();
@@ -104,6 +103,7 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         }
 
         // draw widget
+        rsc.widgets_mut().needs_redraw.remove(&id);
         self.draw_started.insert(id);
 
         let mut painter = Painter {
@@ -115,11 +115,13 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             textures: Vec::new(),
             primitives: Vec::new(),
             children: Vec::new(),
+            size_deps: Vec::new(),
+            reads_output: false,
             rsc,
         };
 
         let mut widget = painter.rsc.widgets().get_dyn_dynamic(id);
-        widget.draw(&mut painter);
+        let size = widget.draw(&mut painter);
         drop(widget);
 
         let Painter {
@@ -130,18 +132,29 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             textures,
             primitives,
             children,
+            size_deps,
+            reads_output,
             layer,
             id,
         } = painter;
 
+        debug_assert!(
+            Self::hints_agree(id, size, rsc),
+            "'{}' ({id:?}) drew a size its size_hint disagrees with",
+            rsc.widgets().label(id)
+        );
+
         // add to active
         let active = ActiveData {
             id,
             region,
+            size,
             parent,
             textures,
             primitives,
             children,
+            size_deps,
+            reads_output,
             mask,
             layer,
         };
@@ -155,19 +168,77 @@ impl UiRenderState {
 
         rsc.on_draw(&active);
         self.active.insert(id, active);
+        size
     }
 
-    fn mov(&mut self, id: WidgetId, from: UiRegion, to: UiRegion) {
+    /// The drawing a widget already has, kept for a new box if the box has not
+    /// changed in a way it depends on.
+    fn try_reuse(&mut self, id: WidgetId, region: UiRegion, rsc: &dyn UiRsc) -> Option<Size> {
+        if rsc.widgets().needs_redraw.contains(&id) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let active = self.active.get(&id)?;
+        let (size, old) = (active.size, active.region);
+        if old == region {
+            return Some(size);
+        }
+        // TODO: epsilon?
+        if old.size() != region.size() && !self.reusable(id, region, rsc) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        // Its drawing stands, if the new box can be reached from the old one.
+        self.mov(id, &Remap::new(old, region)?);
+        Some(size)
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the widget can keep the drawing it has and be given `region`
+    /// instead, asked one axis at a time: a change on an axis it does not
+    /// depend on costs nothing, whatever it depends on elsewhere.
+    fn reusable(&self, id: WidgetId, region: UiRegion, rsc: &dyn UiRsc) -> bool {
+        let Some(active) = self.active.get(&id) else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        let Some(widget) = rsc.widgets().get_dyn(id) else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        [Axis::X, Axis::Y].into_iter().all(|axis| {
+            let offered = region.axis(axis).len();
+            let had = active.region.axis(axis).len();
+            match widget.on_resize(axis) {
+                OnResize::Scale => true,
+                // `Translate` is not acted on yet, and cannot be until a
+                // drawing can sit somewhere other than its box. `region` is
+                // both the box a widget was given and the box its primitives
+                // are in, and `mov` remaps from it -- so carrying a drawing at
+                // its old size while the box grows makes the next move stretch
+                // it. The offset chain is what separates the two.
+                OnResize::Translate | OnResize::Redraw => offered == had,
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn hints_agree(id: WidgetId, size: Size, rsc: &dyn UiRsc) -> bool {
+        let Some(widget) = rsc.widgets().get_dyn(id) else {
+            return true;
+        };
+        [Axis::X, Axis::Y].into_iter().all(|axis| {
+            widget
+                .size_hint(axis)
+                .is_none_or(|hint| hint == size.axis(axis))
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn mov(&mut self, id: WidgetId, remap: &Remap) {
         let active = self.active.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
         for h in &active.primitives {
             let region = self.layers[h.layer].region_mut(h);
-            *region = region.outside(&from).within(&to);
+            *region = remap.apply(*region);
         }
-        active.region = active.region.outside(&from).within(&to);
+        active.region = remap.apply(active.region);
         // SAFETY: children cannot be recursive
         let children = unsafe { forget_ref(&active.children) };
         for child in children {
-            self.mov(*child, from, to);
+            self.mov(*child, remap);
         }
     }
 
@@ -191,7 +262,6 @@ impl UiRenderState {
     }
 
     fn remove_rec(&mut self, id: WidgetId, rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc) -> Option<ActiveData> {
-        self.cache.remove(id);
         let inst = self.remove(id, true, rsc);
         if let Some(inst) = &inst {
             for c in &inst.children {
@@ -205,7 +275,6 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         for (_, active) in self.active.drain() {
             rsc.on_undraw(&active);
         }
-        self.cache.clear();
         self.layers.clear();
         rsc.widgets_mut().needs_redraw.clear();
         rsc.free();
@@ -222,17 +291,12 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         root.into().map(|r| r.id()) != self.old_root
     }
 
-    // Scheduling and drawing must use the same full-redraw predicate.
-    fn needs_full_redraw<'a>(&self, root: impl Into<Option<&'a StrongWidget>>) -> bool {
-        self.root_changed(root) || self.resized
-    }
-
     pub fn needs_redraw<'a>(
         &self,
         root: impl Into<Option<&'a StrongWidget>>,
         widgets: &Widgets,
     ) -> bool {
-        self.needs_full_redraw(root) || widgets.has_updates()
+        self.root_changed(root) || self.resized || widgets.has_updates()
     }
 
     pub fn active_widgets(&self) -> usize {
@@ -265,22 +329,19 @@ impl UiRenderState {
 
     /// redraws a widget that's currently active (drawn)
     pub fn redraw(&mut self, id: WidgetId, rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc) {
-        rsc.widgets_mut().needs_redraw.remove(&id);
         self.draw_started.remove(&id);
-        // check if parent depends on the desired size of this, if so then redraw it first
-        for axis in [Axis::X, Axis::Y] {
-            if let Some(&(outer, old)) = self.cache.size.axis_dyn(axis).get(&id)
-                && let Some(current) = self.active.get(&id)
-                && let Some(pid) = current.parent
-            {
-                self.cache.size.axis_dyn(axis).remove(&id);
-                let new = self.size_ctx(id, outer, rsc).len_axis(id, axis);
-                self.cache.size.axis_dyn(axis).insert(id, (outer, new));
-                if new != old {
-                    self.redraw(pid, rsc);
-                }
-            }
+        // Whoever read this widget's size may be a different size now, so the
+        // highest reader is what draws. Everything between the two is marked
+        // as well: their own boxes have not changed, so the mark is the only
+        // thing stopping the draw reusing its way past this widget.
+        if let Some(top) = self.mark_readers(id, rsc) {
+            self.redraw(top, rsc);
+            // Cleared by that draw if it reached here; if it did not, this is
+            // no longer drawn and asking again would not end.
+            rsc.widgets_mut().needs_redraw.remove(&id);
+            return;
         }
+        rsc.widgets_mut().needs_redraw.remove(&id);
 
         if self.draw_started.contains(&id) {
             return;
@@ -301,22 +362,23 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         );
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn size_ctx<'b>(
-        &'b mut self,
-        source: WidgetId,
-        outer: UiVec2,
-        rsc: &'b mut dyn UiRsc,
-    ) -> SizeCtx<'b> {
-        let ui = rsc.ui_mut();
-        SizeCtx {
-            source,
-            cache: &mut self.cache,
-            text: &mut ui.text,
-            widgets: &ui.widgets,
-            outer,
-            output_size: self.output_size,
-            id: source,
+    /// The furthest ancestor that read this widget's size, directly or through
+    /// widgets that did the same, marking everything below it on the way.
+    fn mark_readers(&self, id: WidgetId, rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc) -> Option<WidgetId> {
+        let mut top = None;
+        let mut at = id;
+        while let Some(active) = self.active.get(&at)
+            && let Some(parent) = active.parent
+            && self
+                .active
+                .get(&parent)
+                .is_some_and(|p| p.size_deps.contains(&at))
+        {
+            rsc.widgets_mut().needs_redraw.insert(at);
+            top = Some(parent);
+            at = parent;
         }
+        top
     }
 }
 

core/src/ui/size.rs

@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-use crate::{
-    Axis, AxisT, IdLike, Len, RenderedText, Size, TextAttrs, TextBuffer, TextData, UiVec2,
-    WidgetAxisFns, WidgetId, Widgets, XAxis, YAxis, ui::cache::Cache, util::Vec2,
-};
-
-pub struct SizeCtx<'a> {
-    pub text: &'a mut TextData,
-    pub(super) source: WidgetId,
-    pub(super) widgets: &'a Widgets,
-    pub(super) cache: &'a mut Cache,
-    /// TODO: should this be pub? rn used for sized
-    pub outer: UiVec2,
-    pub(super) output_size: Vec2,
-    pub(super) id: WidgetId,
-}
-
-impl SizeCtx<'_> {
-    pub fn id(&self) -> &WidgetId {
-        &self.id
-    }
-
-    pub fn source(&self) -> &WidgetId {
-        &self.source
-    }
-
-    pub(super) fn len_inner<A: const AxisT>(&mut self, id: WidgetId) -> Len {
-        if let Some((_, len)) = self.cache.size.axis::<A>().get(&id) {
-            return *len;
-        }
-        let len = self
-            .widgets
-            .get_dyn_dynamic(id)
-            .desired_len::<A>(&mut SizeCtx {
-                text: self.text,
-                source: self.source,
-                widgets: self.widgets,
-                cache: self.cache,
-                outer: self.outer,
-                output_size: self.output_size,
-                id,
-            });
-        self.cache.size.axis::<A>().insert(id, (self.outer, len));
-        len
-    }
-
-    pub fn width(&mut self, id: impl IdLike) -> Len {
-        self.len_inner::<XAxis>(id.id())
-    }
-
-    pub fn height(&mut self, id: impl IdLike) -> Len {
-        self.len_inner::<YAxis>(id.id())
-    }
-
-    pub fn len_axis(&mut self, id: impl IdLike, axis: Axis) -> Len {
-        match axis {
-            Axis::X => self.width(id),
-            Axis::Y => self.height(id),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn size(&mut self, id: impl IdLike) -> Size {
-        let id = id.id();
-        Size {
-            x: self.width(id),
-            y: self.height(id),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn px_size(&mut self) -> Vec2 {
-        self.outer.to_abs(self.output_size)
-    }
-
-    pub fn output_size(&mut self) -> Vec2 {
-        self.output_size
-    }
-
-    pub fn draw_text(
-        &mut self,
-        buffer: &mut TextBuffer,
-        attrs: &TextAttrs,
-        width: Option<f32>,
-    ) -> RenderedText {
-        self.text.render(buffer, attrs, width)
-    }
-
-    pub fn label(&self, id: WidgetId) -> &String {
-        self.widgets.label(id)
-    }
-}

core/src/util/math.rs

@@ -1,33 +1,21 @@
-use std::ops::*;
-
-pub const trait LerpUtil {
+pub const trait LerpUtil: Sized {
     fn lerp(self, from: Self, to: Self) -> Self;
-    fn lerp_inv(self, from: Self, to: Self) -> Self;
+    fn lerp_inv(self, from: Self, to: Self) -> Option<Self>;
 }
 
-pub const trait DivOr {
-    fn div_or(self, rhs: Self, other: Self) -> Self;
-}
-
-const impl DivOr for f32 {
-    fn div_or(self, rhs: Self, other: Self) -> Self {
-        let res = self / rhs;
-        if res.is_nan() { other } else { res }
-    }
-}
-
-const impl<
-    T: const Add<Output = T> + const Sub<Output = T> + const Mul<Output = T> + const DivOr + Copy,
-> LerpUtil for T
-{
+const impl LerpUtil for f32 {
     /// linear interpolation
     /// from * (1.0 - self) + to * self
     fn lerp(self, from: Self, to: Self) -> Self {
         from + (to - from) * self
     }
-    /// inverse of lerp
-    fn lerp_inv(self, from: Self, to: Self) -> Self {
-        (self - from).div_or(to - from, from)
+    /// inverse of lerp, and `None` where `from` and `to` are the same point:
+    /// every input lerps to it, so there is no one answer to come back to.
+    fn lerp_inv(self, from: Self, to: Self) -> Option<Self> {
+        match to == from {
+            true => None,
+            false => Some((self - from) / (to - from)),
+        }
     }
 }
 

core/src/util/vec2.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::util::{DivOr, impl_op};
+use crate::util::impl_op;
 use std::{hash::Hash, ops::*};
 
 #[repr(C)]
@@ -67,15 +67,6 @@ impl_op!(Vec2 Sub sub; x y);
 impl_op!(Vec2 Mul mul; x y);
 impl_op!(Vec2 Div div; x y);
 
-const impl DivOr for Vec2 {
-    fn div_or(self, rhs: Self, other: Self) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            x: self.x.div_or(rhs.x, other.x),
-            y: self.y.div_or(rhs.y, other.y),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl Neg for Vec2 {
     type Output = Self;
 

core/src/widget/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{Axis, AxisT, Len, Painter, SizeCtx};
+use crate::{Axis, Len, Painter, Size};
 use std::any::Any;
 
 mod data;
@@ -15,32 +15,45 @@ pub use tag::*;
 pub use view::*;
 pub use widgets::*;
 
+/// What may be done to a widget's drawing when the box it was given changes
+/// on this axis, instead of drawing it again. Asked per axis, because wrapped
+/// text reads the width it is offered and not the height.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum OnResize {
+    Scale,
+    Translate,
+    #[default]
+    Redraw,
+}
+
 pub trait Widget: Any {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter);
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len;
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len;
-}
+    /// Draws the widget, and returns what it used of the box it was given.
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size;
 
-pub trait WidgetAxisFns {
-    fn desired_len<A: AxisT>(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len;
-}
+    /// An exact length the widget can give without a painter or its children.
+    /// Optional, and saves a draw rather than changing one: a hint that
+    /// disagrees with the eventual draw fails a debug assertion.
+    fn size_hint(&self, _axis: Axis) -> Option<Len> {
+        None
+    }
 
-impl<W: Widget + ?Sized> WidgetAxisFns for W {
-    fn desired_len<A: AxisT>(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        match A::get() {
-            Axis::X => self.desired_width(ctx),
-            Axis::Y => self.desired_height(ctx),
-        }
+    fn on_resize(&self, _axis: Axis) -> OnResize {
+        OnResize::default()
     }
 }
 
 impl Widget for () {
-    fn draw(&mut self, _: &mut Painter) {}
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, _: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        Len::ZERO
+    /// A gap: nothing drawn, at the default length, so a span gives it a share.
+    fn draw(&mut self, _: &mut Painter) -> Size {
+        Size::default()
     }
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, _: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        Len::ZERO
+
+    fn size_hint(&self, _axis: Axis) -> Option<Len> {
+        Some(Len::default())
+    }
+
+    fn on_resize(&self, _axis: Axis) -> OnResize {
+        OnResize::Scale
     }
 }
 

examples/text.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+//! Text sizing: wrapped text reads the width it is offered, fixed text does
+//! not, and both report a height their container lays out around.
+
+use iris::prelude::*;
+
+fn main() {
+    DefaultApp::<State>::run();
+}
+
+#[derive(DefaultUiState)]
+struct State {
+    ui_state: DefaultUiState,
+}
+
+const SAMPLE: &str = "Wrapping shapes one source into as many lines as its container \
+    leaves room for, so the height of a paragraph is an answer rather than a setting, and \
+    the same words in a narrower box come back taller. Resize the window and watch the \
+    text below reflow into a different number of lines while nothing about it changes.";
+
+impl DefaultAppState for State {
+    fn new(mut ui_state: DefaultUiState, rsc: &mut DefaultRsc<Self>, _: Proxy<Self>) -> Self {
+        let panel = || rect(Color::WHITE.darker(0.85));
+
+        let wrapped = wtext(SAMPLE)
+            .size(28)
+            .wrap(true)
+            .text_align(Align::LEFT)
+            .pad(16)
+            .background(panel());
+
+        let aligned = (
+            wtext("left").size(24).text_align(Align::LEFT),
+            wtext("centred").size(24).text_align(Align::CENTER),
+            wtext("right").size(24).text_align(Align::RIGHT),
+        )
+            .span(Dir::DOWN)
+            .gap(8)
+            .pad(16)
+            .background(panel());
+
+        // The same words in half the width, which is a different number of
+        // lines and so a different height. A declared width only holds along
+        // a span's own axis, hence the row.
+        let narrow = (
+            wtext(SAMPLE)
+                .size(20)
+                .wrap(true)
+                .pad(16)
+                .background(panel())
+                .align(Align::TOP)
+                .width(rel(0.5)),
+            rect(Color::WHITE.darker(0.95)),
+        )
+            .span(Dir::RIGHT);
+
+        (wrapped, aligned, narrow)
+            .span(Dir::DOWN)
+            .gap(12)
+            .pad(12)
+            .set_root(rsc, &mut ui_state);
+        Self { ui_state }
+    }
+}

src/widget/image.rs

@@ -6,16 +6,17 @@ pub struct Image {
 }
 
 impl Widget for Image {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
         painter.primitive(&self.handle);
+        Size::abs(self.handle.size())
     }
 
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, _: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        Len::abs(self.handle.size().x)
+    fn size_hint(&self, axis: Axis) -> Option<Len> {
+        Some(Len::abs(self.handle.size().axis(axis)))
     }
 
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, _: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        Len::abs(self.handle.size().y)
+    fn on_resize(&self, _: Axis) -> OnResize {
+        OnResize::Scale
     }
 }
 

src/widget/mask.rs

@@ -5,16 +5,13 @@ pub struct Masked {
 }
 
 impl Widget for Masked {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
         painter.set_mask(painter.region());
-        painter.widget(&self.inner);
+        painter.widget(&self.inner).size()
     }
 
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        ctx.width(&self.inner)
-    }
-
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        ctx.height(&self.inner)
+    /// It clips to the box it was given, not to the part its child used.
+    fn on_resize(&self, _: Axis) -> OnResize {
+        OnResize::Redraw
     }
 }

src/widget/position/align.rs

@@ -6,30 +6,17 @@ pub struct Aligned {
 }
 
 impl Widget for Aligned {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
+        // Drawn where it may be too big, then given its aligned box once its
+        // size is known.
+        let size = painter.widget(&self.inner).size();
         let region = match self.align.tuple() {
-            (Some(x), Some(y)) => painter
-                .size(&self.inner)
-                .to_uivec2()
-                .align(RegionAlign { x, y }),
-            (Some(x), None) => {
-                let x = painter.size_ctx().width(&self.inner).apply_rest().align(x);
-                UiRegion::new(x, UiSpan::FULL)
-            }
-            (None, Some(y)) => {
-                let y = painter.size_ctx().height(&self.inner).apply_rest().align(y);
-                UiRegion::new(UiSpan::FULL, y)
-            }
+            (Some(x), Some(y)) => size.to_uivec2().align(RegionAlign { x, y }),
+            (Some(x), None) => UiRegion::new(size.x.apply_rest().align(x), UiSpan::FULL),
+            (None, Some(y)) => UiRegion::new(UiSpan::FULL, size.y.apply_rest().align(y)),
             (None, None) => UiRegion::FULL,
         };
         painter.widget_within(&self.inner, region);
-    }
-
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        ctx.width(&self.inner)
-    }
-
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        ctx.height(&self.inner)
+        size
     }
 }

src/widget/position/layer.rs

@@ -6,18 +6,10 @@ pub struct LayerOffset {
 }
 
 impl Widget for LayerOffset {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
         for _ in 0..self.offset {
             painter.next_layer();
         }
-        painter.widget(&self.inner);
-    }
-
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        ctx.width(&self.inner)
-    }
-
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        ctx.height(&self.inner)
+        painter.widget(&self.inner).size()
     }
 }

src/widget/position/max_size.rs

@@ -6,43 +6,20 @@ pub struct MaxSize {
     pub y: Option<Len>,
 }
 
-impl MaxSize {
-    fn apply_to_outer(&self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) {
-        if let Some(x) = self.x {
-            ctx.outer.x.select_len(x.apply_rest());
-        }
-        if let Some(y) = self.y {
-            ctx.outer.y.select_len(y.apply_rest());
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl Widget for MaxSize {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
-        painter.widget(&self.inner);
-    }
-
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        self.apply_to_outer(ctx);
-        let width = ctx.width(&self.inner);
-        if let Some(x) = self.x {
-            let width_px = width.apply_rest().to_abs(ctx.output_size().x);
-            let x_px = x.apply_rest().to_abs(ctx.output_size().x);
-            if width_px > x_px { x } else { width }
-        } else {
-            width
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        self.apply_to_outer(ctx);
-        let height = ctx.height(&self.inner);
-        if let Some(y) = self.y {
-            let height_px = height.apply_rest().to_abs(ctx.output_size().y);
-            let y_px = y.apply_rest().to_abs(ctx.output_size().y);
-            if height_px > y_px { y } else { height }
-        } else {
-            height
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
+        let child = painter.widget(&self.inner).size();
+        let output = painter.output_size();
+        Size {
+            x: capped(child.x, self.x, output.x),
+            y: capped(child.y, self.y, output.y),
         }
     }
 }
+
+fn capped(len: Len, max: Option<Len>, output: f32) -> Len {
+    match max {
+        Some(max) if len.apply_rest().to_abs(output) > max.apply_rest().to_abs(output) => max,
+        _ => len,
+    }
+}

src/widget/position/offset.rs

@@ -6,16 +6,8 @@ pub struct Offset {
 }
 
 impl Widget for Offset {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
         let region = UiRegion::FULL.offset(self.amt);
-        painter.widget_within(&self.inner, region);
-    }
-
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        ctx.width(&self.inner)
-    }
-
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        ctx.height(&self.inner)
+        painter.widget_within(&self.inner, region).size()
     }
 }

src/widget/position/pad.rs

@@ -6,28 +6,20 @@ pub struct Pad {
 }
 
 impl Widget for Pad {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
-        painter.widget_within(&self.inner, self.padding.region());
-    }
-
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        let width = self.padding.left + self.padding.right;
-        let height = self.padding.top + self.padding.bottom;
-        ctx.outer.x.abs -= width;
-        ctx.outer.y.abs -= height;
-        let mut size = ctx.width(&self.inner);
-        size.abs += width;
-        size
-    }
-
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        let width = self.padding.left + self.padding.right;
-        let height = self.padding.top + self.padding.bottom;
-        ctx.outer.x.abs -= width;
-        ctx.outer.y.abs -= height;
-        let mut size = ctx.height(&self.inner);
-        size.abs += height;
-        size
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
+        let inner = painter
+            .widget_within(&self.inner, self.padding.region())
+            .size();
+        Size {
+            x: Len {
+                abs: inner.x.abs + self.padding.left + self.padding.right,
+                ..inner.x
+            },
+            y: Len {
+                abs: inner.y.abs + self.padding.top + self.padding.bottom,
+                ..inner.y
+            },
+        }
     }
 }
 

src/widget/position/scroll.rs

@@ -10,11 +10,14 @@ pub struct Scroll {
 }
 
 impl Widget for Scroll {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
         let output_len = painter.output_size().axis(self.axis);
         let container_len = painter.region().axis(self.axis).len();
-        let content_len = painter
-            .len_axis(&self.inner, self.axis)
+        // Drawn in the whole container to learn its length, then placed at
+        // the scrolled offset.
+        let child = painter.widget(&self.inner).size();
+        let content_len = child
+            .axis(self.axis)
             .apply_rest()
             .within_len(container_len)
             .to_abs(output_len);
@@ -29,14 +32,7 @@ impl Widget for Scroll {
         let mut region = UiRegion::FULL.offset(Vec2::from_axis(self.axis, -self.amt, 0.0));
         region.axis_mut(self.axis).end = region.axis(self.axis).start.offset(self.content_len);
         painter.widget_within(&self.inner, region);
-    }
-
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        ctx.width(&self.inner)
-    }
-
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        ctx.height(&self.inner)
+        child
     }
 }
 

src/widget/position/set_size.rs

@@ -6,29 +6,21 @@ pub struct SetSize {
     pub y: Option<Len>,
 }
 
-impl SetSize {
-    fn apply_to_outer(&self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) {
-        if let Some(x) = self.x {
-            ctx.outer.x.select_len(x.apply_rest());
-        }
-        if let Some(y) = self.y {
-            ctx.outer.y.select_len(y.apply_rest());
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl Widget for SetSize {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
-        painter.widget(&self.inner);
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
+        let child = painter.widget(&self.inner).size();
+        Size {
+            x: self.x.unwrap_or(child.x),
+            y: self.y.unwrap_or(child.y),
+        }
     }
 
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        self.apply_to_outer(ctx);
-        self.x.unwrap_or_else(|| ctx.width(&self.inner))
-    }
-
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        self.apply_to_outer(ctx);
-        self.y.unwrap_or_else(|| ctx.height(&self.inner))
+    /// A declared axis is known without looking at the child, which is what
+    /// lets a span lay out around `.height(rest(1))` without drawing it.
+    fn size_hint(&self, axis: Axis) -> Option<Len> {
+        match axis {
+            Axis::X => self.x,
+            Axis::Y => self.y,
+        }
     }
 }

src/widget/position/span.rs

@@ -8,13 +8,27 @@ pub struct Span {
 }
 
 impl Widget for Span {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
-        let total = self.len_sum(&mut painter.size_ctx());
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
+        let axis = self.dir.axis;
+        // A length for every child before any is placed: from its own hint
+        // where it has one, and from drawing it where it does not.
+        let lens: Vec<Len> = self
+            .children
+            .iter()
+            .map(|child| match painter.size_hint(child, axis) {
+                Some(len) => len,
+                None => painter.widget(child).len(axis),
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        let gap = self.gap * self.children.len().saturating_sub(1) as f32;
+        let total = lens.iter().fold(Len::abs(gap), |sum, len| sum + *len);
+
         let mut start = UiScalar::rel_min();
-        for child in &self.children {
+        let mut ortho = Len::ZERO;
+        for (child, len) in self.children.iter().zip(&lens) {
             let mut span = UiSpan::FULL;
             span.start = start;
-            let len = painter.len_axis(child, self.dir.axis);
             if len.rest > 0.0 {
                 let offset = UiScalar::new(total.rel, total.abs);
                 let rel_end = UiScalar::rel(len.rest / total.rest);
@@ -24,27 +38,25 @@ impl Widget for Span {
             start.abs += len.abs;
             start.rel += len.rel;
             span.end = start;
-            let mut child_region = UiRegion::from_axis(self.dir.axis, span, UiSpan::FULL);
+            let mut region = UiRegion::from_axis(axis, span, UiSpan::FULL);
             if self.dir.sign == Sign::Neg {
-                child_region.flip(self.dir.axis);
+                region.flip(axis);
+            }
+            let used = painter.widget_within(child, region).size().axis(!axis);
+            // TODO: rel shouldn't do this, but no easy way before actually calculating pixels
+            if used.rel > 0.0 || used.rest > 0.0 {
+                ortho = Len::REST;
+            } else if ortho.rest == 0.0 {
+                ortho.abs = ortho.abs.max(used.abs);
             }
-            painter.widget_within(child, child_region);
             start.abs += self.gap;
         }
-    }
 
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        match self.dir.axis {
-            Axis::X => self.desired_len(ctx),
-            Axis::Y => self.desired_ortho(ctx),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        match self.dir.axis {
-            Axis::X => self.desired_ortho(ctx),
-            Axis::Y => self.desired_len(ctx),
-        }
+        let along = match total.rest == 0.0 && total.rel == 0.0 {
+            true => total,
+            false => Len::default(),
+        };
+        Size::from_axis(axis, along, ortho)
     }
 }
 
@@ -69,87 +81,6 @@ impl Span {
     pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<StrongWidget> {
         self.children.pop()
     }
-
-    fn len_sum(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        let gap = self.gap * self.children.len().saturating_sub(1) as f32;
-        self.children.iter().fold(Len::abs(gap), |mut s, id| {
-            // it's tempting to subtract the abs & rel from the ctx outer,
-            // but that would create inconsistent sizing if you put
-            // a rest first vs last & only speed up in one direction.
-            // I think this is only solvable by restricting how you can
-            // compute size, bc currently you need child to define parent's
-            // sectioning and you need parent's sectioning to define child.
-            // Fortunately, that doesn't matter in most cases
-            let len = ctx.len_axis(id, self.dir.axis);
-            s += len;
-            s
-        })
-    }
-
-    fn desired_len(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        let len = self.len_sum(ctx);
-        if len.rest == 0.0 && len.rel == 0.0 {
-            len
-        } else {
-            Len::default()
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn desired_ortho(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        // this is a weird hack to get text wrapping to work properly when in a downward span
-        // the correct solution here is to add a function to widget that lets them
-        // request that ctx.outer has an axis "resolved" before checking the other,
-        // and panicking or warning if two request opposite axis (unsolvable in that case)
-        let outer = ctx.outer.axis(self.dir.axis);
-        if self.dir.axis == Axis::X {
-            // so....... this literally copies draw so that the lengths are correctly set in the
-            // context, which makes this slow and not cool
-            let total = self.len_sum(ctx);
-            let mut start = UiScalar::rel_min();
-            let mut ortho_len = Len::ZERO;
-            for child in &self.children {
-                let mut span = UiSpan::FULL;
-                span.start = start;
-                let len = ctx.len_axis(child, self.dir.axis);
-                if len.rest > 0.0 {
-                    let offset = UiScalar::new(total.rel, total.abs);
-                    let rel_end = UiScalar::rel(len.rest / total.rest);
-                    let end = (UiScalar::rel_max() + start) - offset;
-                    start = rel_end.within(&start.to(end));
-                }
-                start.abs += len.abs;
-                start.rel += len.rel;
-                span.end = start;
-
-                let scalar = span.len();
-                *ctx.outer.axis_mut(self.dir.axis) = outer.select_len(scalar);
-                let ortho = ctx.len_axis(child, !self.dir.axis);
-                // TODO: rel shouldn't do this, but no easy way before actually calculating pixels
-                if ortho.rel > 0.0 || ortho.rest > 0.0 {
-                    ortho_len.rest = 1.0;
-                    ortho_len.abs = 0.0;
-                    break;
-                }
-                ortho_len.abs = ortho_len.abs.max(ortho.abs);
-                start.abs += self.gap;
-            }
-            ortho_len
-        } else {
-            let mut ortho_len = Len::ZERO;
-            let ortho = !self.dir.axis;
-            for child in &self.children {
-                let len = ctx.len_axis(child, ortho);
-                // TODO: rel shouldn't do this, but no easy way before actually calculating pixels
-                if len.rel > 0.0 || len.rest > 0.0 {
-                    ortho_len.rest = 1.0;
-                    ortho_len.abs = 0.0;
-                    break;
-                }
-                ortho_len.abs = ortho_len.abs.max(len.abs);
-            }
-            ortho_len
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 pub struct SpanBuilder<State, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, Tag>, Tag> {

src/widget/position/stack.rs

@@ -8,30 +8,25 @@ pub struct Stack {
 }
 
 impl Widget for Stack {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
-        let mut iter = self.children.iter();
-        if let Some(child) = iter.next() {
-            painter.child_layer();
-            painter.widget(child);
-        }
-        for child in iter {
-            painter.next_layer();
-            painter.widget(child);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        match self.size {
-            StackSize::Default => Len::default(),
-            StackSize::Child(i) => ctx.width(&self.children[i]),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        match self.size {
-            StackSize::Default => Len::default(),
-            StackSize::Child(i) => ctx.height(&self.children[i]),
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
+        let sizing = match self.size {
+            StackSize::Default => None,
+            StackSize::Child(i) => Some(i),
+        };
+        let mut size = Size::default();
+        for (i, child) in self.children.iter().enumerate() {
+            match i {
+                0 => painter.child_layer(),
+                _ => painter.next_layer(),
+            }
+            let drawn = painter.widget(child);
+            // Only the child that sizes the stack is read, so the others
+            // changing size does not redraw it.
+            if sizing == Some(i) {
+                size = drawn.size();
+            }
         }
+        size
     }
 }
 

src/widget/ptr.rs

@@ -6,25 +6,10 @@ pub struct WidgetPtr {
 }
 
 impl Widget for WidgetPtr {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
-        if let Some(id) = &self.inner {
-            painter.widget(id);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        if let Some(id) = &self.inner {
-            ctx.width(id)
-        } else {
-            Len::ZERO
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        if let Some(id) = &self.inner {
-            ctx.height(id)
-        } else {
-            Len::ZERO
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
+        match &self.inner {
+            Some(id) => painter.widget(id).size(),
+            None => Size::default(),
         }
     }
 }

src/widget/rect.rs

@@ -28,21 +28,23 @@ impl Rect {
 }
 
 impl Widget for Rect {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
         painter.primitive(RectPrimitive {
             color: self.color,
             radius: self.radius,
             thickness: self.thickness,
             inner_radius: self.inner_radius,
         });
+        Size::REST
     }
 
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, _: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        Len::rest(1)
+    fn size_hint(&self, _: Axis) -> Option<Len> {
+        Some(Len::REST)
     }
 
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, _: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        Len::rest(1)
+    /// Its box is its primitive's own region, so a new one is written there.
+    fn on_resize(&self, _: Axis) -> OnResize {
+        OnResize::Scale
     }
 }
 

src/widget/text/edit.rs

@@ -55,44 +55,47 @@ impl TextEdit {
 }
 
 impl Widget for TextEdit {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
         let base = painter.layer;
         painter.child_layer();
-        self.view.draw(painter);
+        let (_, size) = self.view.draw(painter);
         painter.layer = base;
         let region = self.region();
 
         let Some(selection) = self.selection else {
-            return;
+            return size;
         };
         let layout = self.view.buf.layout();
 
         // parley reports selection as boxes in layout space, so bidi and
         // wrapped lines come out right without this code knowing about either.
         for (rect, _) in selection.geometry(layout) {
-            let size = vec2(rect.width() as f32, rect.height() as f32);
+            let rect_size = vec2(rect.width() as f32, rect.height() as f32);
             let top_left = vec2(rect.x0 as f32, rect.y0 as f32);
             painter.primitive_within(
                 RectPrimitive::color(Color::SKY),
-                size.align(Align::TOP_LEFT).offset(top_left).within(&region),
+                rect_size
+                    .align(Align::TOP_LEFT)
+                    .offset(top_left)
+                    .within(&region),
             );
         }
 
         let caret = selection.focus().geometry(layout, CARET_WIDTH);
-        let size = vec2(caret.width() as f32, caret.height() as f32);
+        let caret_size = vec2(caret.width() as f32, caret.height() as f32);
         let top_left = vec2(caret.x0 as f32, caret.y0 as f32);
         painter.primitive_within(
             RectPrimitive::color(Color::WHITE),
-            size.align(Align::TOP_LEFT).offset(top_left).within(&region),
+            caret_size
+                .align(Align::TOP_LEFT)
+                .offset(top_left)
+                .within(&region),
         );
+        size
     }
 
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        self.view.desired_width(ctx)
-    }
-
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        self.view.desired_height(ctx)
+    fn on_resize(&self, axis: Axis) -> OnResize {
+        self.view.on_resize(axis)
     }
 }
 

src/widget/text/mod.rs

@@ -52,15 +52,15 @@ impl TextView {
             .align(self.align)
     }
 
-    fn render(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> &RenderedText {
+    fn render(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> &RenderedText {
         let width = if self.attrs.wrap {
-            Some(ctx.px_size().x)
+            Some(painter.px_size().x)
         } else {
             None
         };
         if width != self.width || self.tex.is_none() || self.attrs.changed || self.buf.changed {
             self.width = width;
-            self.tex = Some(ctx.draw_text(&mut self.buf, &self.attrs, width));
+            self.tex = Some(painter.render_text(&mut self.buf, &self.attrs, width));
             self.attrs.changed = false;
             self.buf.changed = false;
         }
@@ -69,39 +69,40 @@ impl TextView {
     pub fn tex(&self) -> Option<&RenderedText> {
         self.tex.as_ref()
     }
-    pub fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        if self.is_empty()
-            && let Some(hint) = &self.hint
-        {
-            ctx.width(hint)
-        } else {
-            Len::abs(self.render(ctx).size.x)
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        if self.is_empty()
-            && let Some(hint) = &self.hint
-        {
-            ctx.height(hint)
-        } else {
-            Len::abs(self.render(ctx).size.y)
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> UiRegion {
+    /// Draws the text, and says where the glyphs went and what they use.
+    pub fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> (UiRegion, Size) {
         let align = self.align;
         if self.is_empty() && self.hint.is_some() {
-            let region = self.render(&mut painter.size_ctx()).size.align(align);
-            if let Some(hint) = &self.hint {
-                painter.widget(hint);
-            }
-            return region;
+            let region = self.render(painter).size.align(align);
+            let size = match &self.hint {
+                Some(hint) => painter.widget(hint).size(),
+                None => Size::ZERO,
+            };
+            return (region, size);
         }
 
-        let tex = self.render(&mut painter.size_ctx());
+        let tex = self.render(painter);
         let region = tex.size.align(align);
+        let size = Size::abs(tex.size);
         let within = region.within(&painter.region());
         painter.glyphs(tex, within);
-        region
+        (region, size)
+    }
+
+    /// Wrapping reads the width it is offered, so a wider box reshapes it and
+    /// a taller one does not. Alignment matters too, and separately: glyphs
+    /// anchored to the start of an axis stay put when that extent changes,
+    /// but centred or end-aligned ones move even though the shaping stands.
+    pub fn on_resize(&self, axis: Axis) -> OnResize {
+        let reshapes = axis == Axis::X && self.attrs.wrap;
+        let anchored = match axis {
+            Axis::X => self.align.x,
+            Axis::Y => self.align.y,
+        } == AxisAlign::Neg;
+        match reshapes || !anchored {
+            true => OnResize::Redraw,
+            false => OnResize::Translate,
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn content(&self) -> String {
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ impl Text {
             content: content.into(),
         }
     }
-    fn update_buf(&mut self, _ctx: &mut SizeCtx) {
+    fn update_buf(&mut self) {
         if self.content.changed {
             self.content.changed = false;
             self.view.buf.set_text(self.content.as_str());
@@ -126,19 +127,13 @@ impl Text {
 }
 
 impl Widget for Text {
-    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
-        self.update_buf(&mut painter.size_ctx());
-        self.view.draw(painter);
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
+        self.update_buf();
+        self.view.draw(painter).1
     }
 
-    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        self.update_buf(ctx);
-        self.view.desired_width(ctx)
-    }
-
-    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
-        self.update_buf(ctx);
-        self.view.desired_height(ctx)
+    fn on_resize(&self, axis: Axis) -> OnResize {
+        self.view.on_resize(axis)
     }
 }
 

tests/layout.rs

@@ -32,3 +32,80 @@ fn resizing_relays_out_against_the_new_output() {
     assert_corners!(h, left, (0, 0), (100, 100));
     assert_corners!(h, right, (100, 0), (800, 100));
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn an_empty_widget_takes_a_share_of_a_span() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));
+    let gap = ().add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let right = rect(Color::BLUE).width(100).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root((gap, right).span(Dir::RIGHT));
+
+    assert_corners!(h, gap, (0, 0), (300, 200));
+    assert_corners!(h, right, (300, 0), (400, 200));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_child_drawn_twice_moves_once() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));
+    // `Aligned` draws its child twice; listing it twice would move it twice.
+    let inner = rect(Color::BLUE).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let centered = inner.center().width(200).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let left = rect(Color::RED).width(100).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root((left, centered).span(Dir::RIGHT));
+    assert_corners!(h, inner, (100, 0), (300, 200));
+
+    h.rsc[left].x = Some(Len::abs(150));
+    h.frame();
+
+    assert_corners!(h, inner, (150, 0), (350, 200));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_resize_lands_where_a_cold_start_would() {
+    let build = |h: &mut Harness| {
+        let para = wtext(
+            "Wrapping shapes one source into as many lines as its container leaves room \
+             for, so the height of a paragraph is an answer rather than a setting.",
+        )
+        .size(20)
+        .wrap(true)
+        .pad(16)
+        .add(&mut h.rsc);
+        let below = rect(Color::RED).add(&mut h.rsc);
+        let root = (para, below).span(Dir::DOWN).pad(12);
+        h.set_root(root);
+        (para, below)
+    };
+
+    let mut cold = Harness::new((900, 1200));
+    let (cold_para, cold_below) = build(&mut cold);
+
+    let mut resized = Harness::new((1920, 1200));
+    let (para, below) = build(&mut resized);
+    resized.resize((900, 1200));
+    resized.frame();
+
+    assert_eq!(resized.region(&para), cold.region(&cold_para), "paragraph");
+    assert_eq!(resized.region(&below), cold.region(&cold_below), "below");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_fixed_box_is_drawn_again_rather_than_stretched() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((400, 400));
+    // The panel fills a stack sized by its sibling, so it is drawn in the
+    // whole box and then placed in the shorter one. Reusing it in that fixed
+    // box afterwards would leave it whatever height it happened to have.
+    let panel = rect(Color::BLUE).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let leaf = rect(Color::RED).height(100).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let stack = (panel, leaf)
+        .stack()
+        .size(StackSize::Child(1))
+        .add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root(stack.align(Align::TOP));
+    assert_corners!(h, panel, (0, 0), (400, 100));
+
+    h.rsc[leaf].y = Some(Len::abs(250));
+    h.frame();
+
+    assert_corners!(h, panel, (0, 0), (400, 250));
+}

tests/remap.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//! What a drawing can be taken out of, and what it cannot.
+
+use iris::core::{Remap, UiRegion, UiScalar, UiSpan};
+
+/// A box `size` tall whose top is `rel` of the way down the window.
+fn fixed(rel: f32, size: f32) -> UiRegion {
+    UiRegion::new(
+        UiSpan::FULL,
+        UiSpan::new(UiScalar { rel, abs: 0.0 }, UiScalar { rel, abs: size }),
+    )
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_fixed_box_can_be_carried_but_not_stretched() {
+    let from = fixed(0.0, 164.0);
+    assert!(Remap::new(from, UiRegion::FULL).is_none());
+    assert!(Remap::new(from, fixed(0.5, 164.0)).is_some());
+    assert!(Remap::new(from, fixed(0.0, 98.0)).is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_relative_box_can_be_stretched_to_any_other() {
+    let remap = Remap::new(UiRegion::FULL, fixed(0.0, 98.0)).expect("relative boxes remap");
+    // A part that filled the window keeps filling what replaced it, which is
+    // exactly what `outside` could not say for a box of a fixed length.
+    assert_eq!(remap.apply(UiRegion::FULL), fixed(0.0, 98.0));
+}

tests/retained.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+//! What a second frame draws again, and what it keeps.
+
+use std::{cell::Cell, rc::Rc};
+
+use iris::harness::{Harness, assert_corners};
+use iris::prelude::*;
+
+/// A leaf that counts its draws and reports whatever size it is given, so a
+/// test can see what the retained path skipped.
+struct Counted {
+    draws: Rc<Cell<usize>>,
+    size: Size,
+    dependence: OnResize,
+}
+
+impl Widget for Counted {
+    fn draw(&mut self, _: &mut Painter) -> Size {
+        self.draws.set(self.draws.get() + 1);
+        self.size
+    }
+
+    fn on_resize(&self, _: Axis) -> OnResize {
+        self.dependence
+    }
+}
+
+struct Counts(Rc<Cell<usize>>);
+
+impl Counts {
+    fn get(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.get()
+    }
+}
+
+fn counted(h: &mut Harness, size: Size, dependence: OnResize) -> (WeakWidget<Counted>, Counts) {
+    let draws = Rc::new(Cell::new(0));
+    let id = Counted {
+        draws: draws.clone(),
+        size,
+        dependence,
+    }
+    .add(&mut h.rsc);
+    (id, Counts(draws))
+}
+
+/// A fixed-width leaf beside one that takes the rest, so changing the first
+/// hands the second a different box without the output changing.
+fn pair(h: &mut Harness, rest: OnResize) -> (WeakWidget<Counted>, Counts, WidgetId) {
+    let (first, _) = counted(h, Size::from((100, 200)), OnResize::Translate);
+    let (second, draws) = counted(h, Size::REST, rest);
+    h.set_root((first, second).span(Dir::RIGHT));
+    (first, draws, second.id())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_leaf_that_ignores_its_box_is_not_drawn_again_when_the_box_changes() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));
+    let (first, draws, second) = pair(&mut h, OnResize::Scale);
+    let settled = draws.get();
+    assert_corners!(h, second, (100, 0), (400, 200));
+
+    h.rsc[first].size = Size::from((150, 200));
+    h.frame();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        draws.get(),
+        settled,
+        "its box is a field to write, not a reason to draw"
+    );
+    assert_corners!(h, second, (150, 0), (400, 200));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_leaf_that_depends_on_its_box_is_drawn_again_when_the_box_changes() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));
+    let (first, draws, second) = pair(&mut h, OnResize::Redraw);
+    let settled = draws.get();
+
+    h.rsc[first].size = Size::from((150, 200));
+    h.frame();
+
+    // Twice: once for the span to measure it, once for its real box. A child
+    // that can hint its length is spared the first, and a smaller number here
+    // means someone has made that cheaper rather than broken it.
+    assert_eq!(draws.get(), settled + 2);
+    assert_corners!(h, second, (150, 0), (400, 200));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_span_child_that_declares_its_length_is_drawn_once() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));
+    let (told, told_draws) = counted(&mut h, Size::from((100, 200)), OnResize::Translate);
+    let (asked, asked_draws) = counted(&mut h, Size::from((100, 200)), OnResize::Translate);
+    // The span takes one child's length from its hint and has to draw the
+    // other to find out, so only the second is drawn before it is placed.
+    let hinted = told.width(100).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root((hinted, asked).span(Dir::RIGHT));
+
+    assert_eq!(told_draws.get(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(
+        asked_draws.get(),
+        2,
+        "drawn to be measured, then again to be placed"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_span_relays_out_when_a_child_it_measured_changes() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));
+    let (first, _, second) = pair(&mut h, OnResize::Translate);
+
+    h.rsc[first].size = Size::from((250, 200));
+    h.frame();
+
+    assert_corners!(h, first, (0, 0), (250, 200));
+    assert_corners!(h, second, (250, 0), (400, 200));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_placed_child_survives_the_next_frame() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));
+    // Both children declare a length, so the span places them from their hints
+    // rather than drawing them to find out.
+    let top = rect(Color::RED).height(80).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let bottom = rect(Color::BLUE).height(120).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root((top, bottom).span(Dir::DOWN));
+
+    h.rsc.widgets_mut().get_dyn_mut(top.id());
+    h.frame();
+
+    assert_corners!(h, top, (0, 0), (400, 80));
+    assert_corners!(h, bottom, (0, 80), (400, 200));
+}
+
+/// Lays its child out from the hint alone, never reading what it drew.
+struct FromHint {
+    inner: StrongWidget,
+}
+
+impl Widget for FromHint {
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
+        let len = painter.size_hint(&self.inner, Axis::Y).unwrap();
+        let mut region = UiRegion::FULL;
+        region.y.end = region.y.start.offset(len.abs);
+        painter.widget_within(&self.inner, region);
+        Size::REST
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_parent_that_only_read_a_hint_relays_out_when_the_hint_changes() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));
+    let inner = rect(Color::RED).height(80).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let parent = FromHint {
+        inner: inner.add_strong(&mut h.rsc),
+    }
+    .add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root(parent);
+    assert_corners!(h, inner, (0, 0), (400, 80));
+
+    h.rsc[inner].y = Some(Len::abs(120));
+    h.frame();
+
+    assert_corners!(h, inner, (0, 0), (400, 120));
+}
+
+/// Reads the output's size, which nothing but its own draw can put right.
+struct ReadsOutput {
+    draws: Rc<Cell<usize>>,
+}
+
+impl Widget for ReadsOutput {
+    fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
+        self.draws.set(self.draws.get() + 1);
+        Size::abs(painter.output_size() / 4.0)
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_resize_does_not_redraw_what_the_shader_can_move() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));
+    let (leaf, draws) = counted(&mut h, Size::REST, OnResize::Redraw);
+    h.set_root(leaf);
+    let settled = draws.get();
+
+    h.resize((800, 100));
+    assert!(h.needs_redraw());
+    h.frame();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        draws.get(),
+        settled,
+        "its box is the same fraction of a different output"
+    );
+    assert_corners!(h, leaf, (0, 0), (800, 100));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_resize_redraws_what_read_the_output() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));
+    let draws = Rc::new(Cell::new(0));
+    let leaf = ReadsOutput {
+        draws: draws.clone(),
+    }
+    .add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root(leaf);
+    let settled = draws.get();
+
+    h.resize((800, 100));
+    h.frame();
+
+    assert_eq!(draws.get(), settled + 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn narrowing_the_output_reflows_text_and_relays_out_around_it() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((600, 400));
+    let para = wtext(
+        "Wrapping shapes one source into as many lines as its container leaves \
+        room for, so the height of a paragraph is an answer rather than a setting.",
+    )
+    .size(20)
+    .wrap(true)
+    .add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let below = rect(Color::RED).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root((para, below).span(Dir::DOWN));
+    let top = h.region(&below).expect("drew nothing").top_left.y;
+
+    h.resize((300, 400));
+    h.frame();
+
+    let lower = h.region(&below).expect("drew nothing").top_left.y;
+    assert!(lower > top, "same words, half the width: {top} -> {lower}");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_change_two_levels_under_its_reader_still_reaches_it() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((400, 400));
+    // Every wrapper up to the outer pad read the size below it, so the outer
+    // pad is what draws again -- and the span it hands the box to is the same
+    // size as before, which is what lets a draw reuse its way past the leaf.
+    let (leaf, _) = counted(&mut h, Size::abs((100, 100).into()), OnResize::Redraw);
+    let padded = leaf.pad(10).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let below = rect(Color::RED).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root((padded, below).span(Dir::DOWN).pad(12));
+    assert_corners!(h, below, (12, 132), (388, 388));
+
+    h.rsc[leaf].size = Size::abs((100, 200).into());
+    h.frame();
+
+    assert_corners!(h, below, (12, 232), (388, 388));
+}