Say what the fuzzer's branching widget branched on

Branch reads a measurement in pixels and draws a different subtree either
side of a threshold, and it left that read as a pin on the window, so
every one of them redrew on every resize: at depth 8 that was seed 1's
resize going from 40 widget draws to 131 and seed 13's from nothing to
828. It now states the range it actually branched on, the way Span states
the one that decides whether its shares have room. A fixture that redraws
everything on a resize cannot tell a change that reuses well from one
that does not.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

core/src/layout_diagnostics.rs

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ pub(crate) enum Counter {
     SizeReads,
     HintHits,
     HintMisses,
-    RetainedSizeHits,
     ReuseAttempts,
     ReuseExact,
     ReuseMoved,
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@ pub(crate) enum Counter {
     ReuseOutside,
     ReuseWrongLayer,
     ReuseWrongNode,
-    PlaceRedraws,
     QueuePops,
     DepthReads,
     LocalRedraws,
@@ -70,7 +68,6 @@ impl Counter {
         "draw-result size reads",
         "hint hits",
         "hint misses",
-        "retained size hits",
         "reuse attempts",
         "reuse exact",
         "reuse moved",
@@ -80,7 +77,6 @@ impl Counter {
         "reuse: outside what it holds for",
         "reuse: another layer",
         "reuse: region-node choice changed",
-        "placed by redrawing",
         "redraw queue pops",
         "depth reads",
         "local redraws",

core/src/ui/active.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{
-    LayerId, LayoutHolds, LayoutLen, MaskIdx, MoveIdx, Place, RegionAlign, RetainedPrimitive, Size,
+    LayerId, LayoutHolds, LayoutLen, Len, MaskIdx, MoveIdx, Place, RegionAlign, RetainedPrimitive,
-    TextureHandle, UiRegion, WidgetId,
+    Size, TextureHandle, UiRegion, UiVec2, WidgetId,
 };
 
 /// What is kept of a widget its parent has asked about. `drawn` says whether
@@ -9,35 +9,39 @@ use crate::{
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ActiveData {
     pub id: WidgetId,
-    /// Its frame in `parent_move`'s coordinates: what a fraction it declares
+    /// Where its drawing goes, in its region node's coordinates.
-    /// or reports is a fraction of, composed. Everything it draws sits inside
-    /// this by way of `extent`.
-    pub frame_abs: UiRegion,
-    /// Where its drawing goes, in the frame's own coordinates.
     pub extent: UiRegion,
-    /// That frame in its parent's frame coordinates, before composition:
+    /// What a fraction declared or reported under this widget is a fraction
-    /// forwarded whole by a transparent container, narrowed by a declared
+    /// of, as a length of the window.
-    /// length. Its length is the same on every ask, which is what
+    pub frame: UiVec2,
-    /// a local redraw relies on to ask its parent's own question again.
+    /// A frame its parent decided for it on each axis -- a row's slot, or
-    pub frame: UiRegion,
+    /// padding's frame less its pixels -- as a length of the window. `None`
-    /// What of its parent's extent the drawing was given, and what it was
+    /// forwards the parent's frame. What it declared is kept separately in
-    /// given at the parent's first ask of it -- the question a cold layout
+    /// `declared` and is a fraction of whichever of the two reached it.
-    /// asks. A part is a length from the extent's start, so an extent that
+    pub narrow: [Option<Len>; 2],
-    /// moved re-places every child by re-adding that start.
+    /// Where its drawing was put, as a part of its parent's box, and where
+    /// it was asked. The two differ where a container asks in one place and
+    /// places the answer in another -- a row measures from its cursor and
+    /// puts the child in its slot. A part is a length from the box's start,
+    /// so a box that moved re-places every child by re-adding that start.
     pub place: [Place; 2],
     pub offer_place: [Place; 2],
-    /// The box that ask gave it, in its frame's coordinates. Kept rather
+    /// The box it was asked in, in the parent's region-node coordinates: the
-    /// than worked out again from where its parent's own box is now: a
+    /// box its drawing was made in and the one its contract is about. Its
-    /// parent drawn again in the box its own answer chose gives its children
+    /// drawing is placed elsewhere by re-expression, never by asking again.
-    /// boxes it never measured anything in, and the measurement this widget
-    /// answered is the one its parent's layout was built on.
     pub offer_part: UiRegion,
     /// The measured answer and its dependencies. A hint-only dependency or
     /// a widget first encountered during placement has no measurement yet.
     pub answer: Option<(Size, LayoutHolds)>,
-    /// What the widget said it used of its frame, the last time it drew.
+    /// Asked more than once in its parent's last draw -- measured in one box
+    /// and then asked in the one the parent decided. The parent's layout
+    /// rests on the first answer and its drawing on the last, so only the
+    /// parent can ask either again.
+    pub re_asked: bool,
+    /// What the widget reported, in window-unit lengths.
     pub size: Size,
-    /// The frame and extent reads that this drawing holds for.
+    /// The window and extent reads that this drawing holds for, and the
+    /// frame and box it pinned.
     pub holds: LayoutHolds,
     pub drawn: bool,
     pub parent: Option<WidgetId>,
@@ -63,7 +67,8 @@ pub struct ActiveData {
     /// Its alignment when it was last drawn, which a change to the property
     /// is found against.
     pub own_align: RegionAlign,
-    /// The movable region whose coordinates `frame_abs` uses.
+    /// The movable region whose coordinates `extent` uses when this widget
+    /// does not own a region node.
     pub parent_move: MoveIdx,
     /// The mask its drawing is clipped to: one it set itself, or the one it
     /// inherited from whoever drew it.
@@ -85,12 +90,12 @@ impl ActiveData {
         self.answer.map(|(size, _)| size)
     }
 
-    /// Whether what it answered still stands for a frame of these pixel
+    /// Whether what it answered still stands in this window, for the frame
-    /// lengths. The answer was given in the box its parent first asked
+    /// and the box it was asked in. The answer was given in the box its
-    /// about, which is what it is checked against -- `holds` on the record
+    /// parent first asked about, which is what it is checked against --
-    /// is about the box the answer then chose.
+    /// `holds` on the record is about the box the answer then chose.
-    pub fn answers_at(&self, px: crate::PxVec2, part: UiRegion) -> bool {
+    pub fn answers_at(&self, window: crate::PxVec2, part: UiRegion) -> bool {
         self.answer
-            .is_some_and(|(_, holds)| holds.contains(px, part))
+            .is_some_and(|(_, holds)| holds.contains(window, self.frame, part))
     }
 }

core/src/ui/layout_holds.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,27 @@
-use crate::{Axis, Holds, Len, PxVec2, UiRegion};
+use crate::{Axis, Holds, Len, PxVec2, UiRegion, UiVec2};
 
 const AXES: [Axis; 2] = [Axis::X, Axis::Y];
 
-/// What one evaluation of a widget depends on: the pixel lengths of its
+/// What one evaluation of a widget depends on: the window lengths its reads
-/// frame and of its own box that its drawing and its answer hold for, and
+/// hold for, the pixel lengths of its own box, and the symbolic lengths of
-/// the symbolic length of its own box where it read one.
+/// that box and of its frame where either one is what it was expressed in.
 ///
-/// The symbolic length is a pin rather than a range: a container places its
+/// The symbolic lengths are pins rather than ranges: a container places its
 /// children as lengths of its frame measured from where its own box starts,
 /// so what it draws turns on that box's length and on nothing about where it
-/// is. It reaches the parent only where the box it pinned is the parent's
+/// is. A box pin reaches the parent only where the box it pinned is the
-/// own; anywhere else the parent chose that length itself, and a widget
+/// parent's own; anywhere else the parent chose that length itself, and a
-/// pinned this way is checked when it is re-placed.
+/// widget pinned this way is checked when it is re-placed.
+///
+/// A frame pin says the answer or the drawing is a fraction of the frame,
+/// which is a different length wherever the frame is a different one -- at
+/// the same window size, so no range of window pixels can say it. A length
+/// of the frame that is only pixels is not one: it is that many pixels
+/// whatever the frame turns out to be.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct LayoutHolds {
     pub frame: [Holds; 2],
+    pub frame_len: [Option<Len>; 2],
     pub extent: [Holds; 2],
     pub extent_len: [Option<Len>; 2],
 }
@@ -22,6 +29,7 @@ pub struct LayoutHolds {
 impl LayoutHolds {
     pub const ANY: Self = Self {
         frame: [Holds::ANY; 2],
+        frame_len: [None; 2],
         extent: [Holds::ANY; 2],
         extent_len: [None; 2],
     };
@@ -36,7 +44,13 @@ impl LayoutHolds {
                     || other.extent_len[n].is_none()
                     || self.extent_len[n] == other.extent_len[n]
             );
+            debug_assert!(
+                self.frame_len[n].is_none()
+                    || other.frame_len[n].is_none()
+                    || self.frame_len[n] == other.frame_len[n]
+            );
             result.extent_len[n] = self.extent_len[n].or(other.extent_len[n]);
+            result.frame_len[n] = self.frame_len[n].or(other.frame_len[n]);
         }
         result
     }
@@ -48,15 +62,17 @@ impl LayoutHolds {
                 && self.extent[n].lo <= other.extent[n].lo
                 && self.extent[n].hi >= other.extent[n].hi
                 && self.extent_len[n].is_none_or(|len| other.extent_len[n] == Some(len))
+                && self.frame_len[n].is_none_or(|len| other.frame_len[n] == Some(len))
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn contains(self, px: PxVec2, extent: UiRegion) -> bool {
+    pub fn contains(self, window: PxVec2, frame: UiVec2, extent: UiRegion) -> bool {
         AXES.into_iter().all(|axis| {
             let n = axis as usize;
             let len = extent.axis(axis).len();
-            self.frame[n].contains(px.axis(axis))
+            self.frame[n].contains(window.axis(axis))
-                && self.extent[n].contains(len.to_px(px.axis(axis)))
+                && self.frame_len[n].is_none_or(|pinned| pinned == frame.axis(axis))
+                && self.extent[n].contains(len.to_px(window.axis(axis)))
                 && self.extent_len[n].is_none_or(|pinned| pinned == len)
         })
     }

core/src/ui/painter.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 #[cfg(feature = "layout-diagnostics")]
 use crate::layout_diagnostics::{self as diag, Counter};
 use crate::{
-    Axis, Holds, LayoutHolds, LayoutLen, Len, Part, Place, Px, PxVec2, RegionAlign, RenderedText,
+    Axis, Holds, LayoutHolds, LayoutLen, Len, Part, Place, Px, PxVec2, RegionAlign, Rel,
-    RetainedPrimitive, Size, StrongWidget, TextAttrs, TextBuffer, TextData, TextureHandle,
+    RenderedText, RetainedPrimitive, Size, StrongWidget, TextAttrs, TextBuffer, TextData,
-    UiRegion, UiRenderState, UiRsc, UiSpan, UiVec2, Weight, WidgetId, Widgets,
+    TextureHandle, UiRegion, UiRenderState, UiRsc, UiSpan, UiVec2, Weight, WidgetId, Widgets,
     render::{
         GlyphPrimitive, Mask, MaskIdx, MoveIdx, Primitive, PrimitiveInst, PrimitiveKind,
         TexturePrimitive,
     },
-    ui::render_state::DrawInfo,
+    ui::render_state::{DrawInfo, Placing},
 };
 const AXES: [Axis; 2] = [Axis::X, Axis::Y];
 
@@ -17,26 +17,20 @@ pub struct Painter<'a> {
     pub(super) state: &'a mut UiRenderState,
     pub(super) rsc: &'a mut dyn UiRsc,
 
-    /// What a fraction this widget declares or reports is a fraction of, in
+    /// This widget's frame, per axis: a length of the window, and what a
-    /// the coordinates of `move_idx`: forwarded from its parent unchanged
+    /// fraction it or anything under it declares or reports is a fraction
-    /// through a span, a stack or a scroll, and narrowed only by what was
+    /// of. A length rather than a box, so padding can take from both the
-    /// decided above it -- a declared length, or the root. Its length
+    /// frame and the box without either becoming the other.
-    /// is the same on every ask of the widget, which is what keeps a fraction
+    pub(super) frame: UiVec2,
-    /// under it from being resolved twice.
+    /// Where this widget's drawing goes, in its region node's coordinates.
-    pub(super) frame: UiRegion,
-    /// Where this widget's drawing goes, in the frame's own coordinates.
-    /// Everything it writes is in these coordinates, and its children are
-    /// placed as parts of it.
     pub(super) extent: UiRegion,
     /// The extent's symbolic length where this draw read it, which makes the
     /// drawing one that holds for that length alone -- the way reading a
     /// length in pixels makes it hold for that number of pixels.
     pub(super) extent_len: [Option<Len>; 2],
-    /// The frame in pixels, which its children's frames are a length of:
+    /// The window in pixels. Frames and boxes become pixels against this one
-    /// threaded down rather than composed back up the chain, so every length
+    /// unit, regardless of region-node boundaries.
-    /// in layout is one multiply from its parent's and [`Holds::through`]
+    pub(super) window: PxVec2,
-    /// inverts exactly that.
-    pub(super) px: PxVec2,
     pub(super) mask: MaskIdx,
     pub(super) textures: Vec<TextureHandle>,
     pub(super) primitives: Vec<RetainedPrimitive>,
@@ -44,22 +38,19 @@ pub struct Painter<'a> {
     /// Only children whose answers were read constrain this widget's answer.
     pub(super) answer_under: LayoutHolds,
     pub(super) children: Vec<WidgetId>,
-    /// The children asked about so far, so the first place each was asked in
-    /// is the one recorded as its offer.
-    pub(super) offered: Vec<WidgetId>,
-    /// Whether this draw is at the place its parent first asked about, which
-    /// makes the questions it asks the ones a cold layout asks and their
-    /// answers the ones to keep.
-    pub(super) at_offer: bool,
     /// The children whose size this widget read while drawing.
     pub(super) size_deps: Vec<WidgetId>,
-    /// What this draw itself read of its frame in pixels, per axis: every
+    /// What this draw itself read of the window in pixels, per axis: every
-    /// length until it reads one, then that one, unless it says otherwise.
+    /// window until it reads one, then that one, unless it says otherwise.
     pub(super) frame_own: [Holds; 2],
-    /// The same for its own box.
+    /// Its frame's symbolic length where this draw read it, which makes the
+    /// drawing one that holds for that frame alone.
+    pub(super) frame_own_len: [Option<Len>; 2],
+    /// The window reads' equivalent for its own box.
     pub(super) extent_own: [Holds; 2],
-    /// Dependencies of every child drawing, including unmeasured overlays.
+    /// What each child's drawing depends on. Asking a child again replaces
-    pub(super) under: LayoutHolds,
+    /// its drawing, so it replaces this too rather than narrowing it.
+    pub(super) under: Vec<(WidgetId, LayoutHolds)>,
     /// The movable region this widget's primitives are positioned through:
     /// its own when opted in, otherwise the nearest ancestor's.
     pub(super) move_idx: MoveIdx,
@@ -82,12 +73,10 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
         self.write_resolved(kind, primitive, region, self.resolve(region));
     }
 
-    /// A box in this widget's extent coordinates, composed into the
+    /// A box in this widget's extent coordinates, composed into its region
-    /// coordinates its move slot is in: through the extent, then through the
+    /// node's coordinates.
-    /// frame the extent is a part of. The same two steps a recomposition
-    /// replays, so a moved drawing lands where a cold one does.
     fn resolve(&self, region: UiRegion) -> UiRegion {
-        region.within(&self.extent).within(&self.frame)
+        region.within(&self.extent)
     }
 
     fn write_resolved<P: Primitive>(
@@ -151,63 +140,47 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
     /// one child wants, and what every transparent container passes for the
     /// frame.
     pub fn widget<'s, W: ?Sized>(&'s mut self, id: &'s StrongWidget<W>) -> DrawResult<'s, 'a, W> {
-        self.widget_at(id, UiRegion::FULL, [Place::Within(Part::All); 2])
+        self.widget_at(id, [None; 2], [Place::Within(Part::All); 2])
     }
 
-    /// Draws a child, saying what its fractions are of and where its drawing
+    /// Asks a child, saying what its fractions are of and where it is asked.
-    /// goes.
     ///
-    /// `frame` is that reference, in this widget's own frame coordinates:
+    /// `narrow` is a length this widget decided for the child's frame, per
-    /// [`UiRegion::FULL`] forwards this widget's frame, which is what a
+    /// axis, as a length of this widget's own frame: a resolved share, or a
-    /// container that only divides room passes, so a fraction under it means
+    /// box a sibling's answer decided. `None` forwards this widget's frame,
-    /// the same wherever it sits and however deeply it is nested. Narrowing
+    /// which is what a container that only divides room passes, so a
-    /// it is for what is decided from above, and a declared length narrows
+    /// fraction under it means the same wherever it sits and however deeply
-    /// it here.
+    /// it is nested. A declared length narrows the frame here whatever the
+    /// caller says. A narrowed frame is placed in the part by the child's
+    /// alignment and is the box the child is asked in.
     ///
-    /// `place` is where the drawing goes, per axis, as a part of this
+    /// `place` is where the child is asked, per axis, as a part of this
-    /// widget's extent: see [`Place`]. A narrowed frame is its own extent,
+    /// widget's box: see [`Place`]. The child draws once, in that box, and
-    /// since the narrowing is what said where the drawing goes.
+    /// its answer is placed inside it by re-expressing the drawing. Nothing
+    /// is drawn again in a box an answer chose; a container that puts the
+    /// answer somewhere else says so with [`Self::place_at`].
     pub fn widget_at<'s, W: ?Sized>(
         &'s mut self,
         id: &'s StrongWidget<W>,
-        frame: UiRegion,
+        narrow: [Option<Len>; 2],
         place: [Place; 2],
     ) -> DrawResult<'s, 'a, W> {
         let region_node = self.rsc.widgets().is_region_node(id.id());
         let declared = self.declared_lens(id);
         let align = self.rsc.widgets().alignment(id.id());
-        let (local, extent) = frame_and_extent(
+        let (frame, extent) =
-            frame,
+            frame_and_extent(self.extent, self.frame, place, narrow, declared, align);
-            part_of(self.extent, place),
-            narrowed_by(declared, frame),
-            align,
-        );
-        let within = match local == UiRegion::FULL {
-            true => self.frame,
-            false => local.within(&self.frame),
-        };
         #[cfg(feature = "layout-diagnostics")]
         if region_node {
             diag::bump(Counter::RegionNodeDraws);
-            diag::region_node(id.id(), self.id, within);
+            diag::region_node(id.id(), self.id, extent);
         }
         // A child listed twice would be moved twice.
-        if !self.children.contains(&id.id()) {
+        let re_asked = self.children.contains(&id.id());
+        if !re_asked {
             self.children.push(id.id());
         }
-        let first_ask = self.offer(id.id());
+        let px = frame.to_px(self.window);
-        let offer_place = if first_ask {
-            place
-        } else {
-            self.state
-                .active
-                .get(&id.id())
-                .map_or(place, |a| a.offer_place)
-        };
-        let px = local.size().to_px(self.px);
-        // The answer and what it holds for, both about the place asked in.
-        // The child's record may say something else once its drawing has been
-        // placed: a drawing made again in its placed box holds for that box.
         let (size, answer_holds, holds) = self.state.draw_inner(
             id.id(),
             DrawInfo {
@@ -217,23 +190,28 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
                 parent_move: self.move_idx,
                 region_node,
                 mask: self.mask,
-                frame: local,
+                frame,
-                frame_abs: within,
                 part: extent,
                 place,
-                offer_place,
+                offer_place: place,
+                narrow,
+                re_asked,
                 px,
             },
             None,
             self.rsc,
         );
-        let compose = |holds| in_parent(holds, local, extent, place, declared);
+        let holds = self.in_parent(holds, extent, place, narrow, declared);
-        self.under = self.under.and(compose(holds));
+        let answer_holds = self.in_parent(answer_holds, extent, place, narrow, declared);
+        match self.under.iter_mut().find(|(child, _)| *child == id.id()) {
+            Some((_, kept)) => *kept = holds,
+            None => self.under.push((id.id(), holds)),
+        }
         DrawResult {
             child: id,
             painter: self,
-            size: in_parent_frame(size, local.size(), declared),
+            size,
-            answer_holds: compose(answer_holds),
+            answer_holds,
         }
     }
 
@@ -242,9 +220,37 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
     /// this frame; what it answered is still something this widget asked.
     pub fn undraw<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &StrongWidget<W>) {
         self.children.retain(|child| *child != id.id());
+        self.under.retain(|(child, _)| *child != id.id());
         self.state.undraw_rec(id.id(), self.rsc);
     }
 
+    /// Puts a child asked about in this draw somewhere else in this
+    /// widget's box: its answer, placed in this part instead. The drawing
+    /// is re-expressed there rather than made again -- what a row does once
+    /// it knows every slot, having measured each child from its cursor.
+    pub fn place_at<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &StrongWidget<W>, place: [Place; 2]) {
+        debug_assert!(
+            self.children.contains(&id.id()),
+            "'{}' placed a child it did not ask about in this draw",
+            self.label()
+        );
+        let at = self.placing();
+        self.state.place_in(id.id(), &at, place, self.rsc);
+    }
+
+    /// This widget as the thing its children are placed within.
+    fn placing(&self) -> Placing {
+        Placing {
+            id: self.id,
+            extent: self.extent,
+            frame: self.frame,
+            window: self.window,
+            depth: self.depth,
+            move_idx: self.move_idx,
+            mask: self.mask,
+        }
+    }
+
     /// What a widget's rules declare its lengths to be, which whoever draws
     /// it resolves into its frame. Reading them depends on nothing -- the box
     /// that comes of them is kept on the child, and `redraw` compares it
@@ -281,19 +287,6 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Whether this is the first box a child is asked about in during a draw
-    /// that is itself the one its parent measured -- the question a cold
-    /// layout asks, whose answer is the one to keep. A drawing made again in
-    /// a box chosen from an answer asks about that box instead, and what it
-    /// hears back is not a measurement of anything.
-    fn offer(&mut self, child: WidgetId) -> bool {
-        if !self.at_offer || self.offered.contains(&child) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        self.offered.push(child);
-        true
-    }
-
     fn depend_on<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, child: &StrongWidget<W>) {
         if !self.size_deps.contains(&child.id()) {
             self.size_deps.push(child.id());
@@ -359,6 +352,17 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
         len
     }
 
+    /// The symbolic length of this widget's frame along one axis: what a
+    /// fraction it or anything under it declares is a fraction of. A
+    /// container reads it to hand a length of it down -- padding, which
+    /// takes its pixels off. Reading it pins the drawing to that frame, the
+    /// way [`Self::extent_len`] pins it to the box.
+    pub fn frame_len(&mut self, axis: Axis) -> Len {
+        let len = self.frame.axis(axis);
+        self.frame_own_len[axis as usize] = Some(len);
+        len
+    }
+
     /// Where this widget sits in a box longer than the length it takes. A
     /// widget that positions its own content reads it to place that content
     /// the way the box around it would have placed the widget.
@@ -394,7 +398,7 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
     /// [`Self::px_size`] when the other axis cannot affect the drawing.
     pub fn px_len(&mut self, axis: Axis) -> Px {
         let part = self.extent.axis(axis).len();
-        let len = part.to_px(self.px.axis(axis));
+        let len = part.to_px(self.window.axis(axis));
         let own = &mut self.extent_own[axis as usize];
         if *own == Holds::ANY {
             *own = Holds::at(len);
@@ -410,7 +414,7 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
         let part = self.extent.axis(axis).len();
         let holds = holds.into();
         debug_assert!(
-            holds.contains(part.to_px(self.px.axis(axis))),
+            holds.contains(part.to_px(self.window.axis(axis))),
             "'{}' ({:?}) says its drawing holds for lengths that leave out its own box",
             self.label(),
             self.id
@@ -418,26 +422,28 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
         self.extent_own[axis as usize] = holds;
     }
 
-    /// One axis of this widget's frame in pixels -- what a fraction of its
+    /// A window length in pixels, which is what every length in layout is
-    /// area resolves against, and so what a container divides among its
+    /// measured in. Reading one pins the drawing to this window wherever the
-    /// children. Its own box is a part of this one.
+    /// length is a fraction of it; one that is only pixels is that many
-    pub fn frame_px_len(&mut self, axis: Axis) -> Px {
+    /// pixels in any window and pins nothing.
-        let len = self.px.axis(axis);
+    pub fn to_px(&mut self, len: Len, axis: Axis) -> Px {
+        let window = self.window.axis(axis);
+        if len.rel != Rel::ZERO {
             let own = &mut self.frame_own[axis as usize];
             if *own == Holds::ANY {
-            *own = Holds::at(len);
+                *own = Holds::at(window);
             }
-        len
+        }
+        len.to_px(window)
     }
 
-    /// [`Self::holds`] stated about the frame rather than about this
+    /// A validity range already stated about the window. Containers use
-    /// widget's own box, for a container whose drawing turns on what its
+    /// this after branching on a window-unit length.
-    /// fractions are of rather than on the part of it it took.
+    pub fn window_holds(&mut self, axis: Axis, holds: impl Into<Holds>) {
-    pub fn frame_holds(&mut self, axis: Axis, holds: impl Into<Holds>) {
         let holds = holds.into();
         debug_assert!(
-            holds.contains(self.px.axis(axis)),
+            holds.contains(self.window.axis(axis)),
-            "'{}' ({:?}) says its drawing holds for lengths that leave out its frame",
+            "'{}' ({:?}) says its drawing holds for windows that leave out this one",
             self.label(),
             self.id
         );
@@ -529,70 +535,77 @@ impl PrimitiveLike for &TextureHandle {
     }
 }
 
-/// What a child depends on, said about the boxes the widget that drew it
+/// Moves what a child depends on into this widget's own terms: this
-/// has rather than the ones the child was given.
+/// method's `impl` block is where a `Painter`'s own boxes are, so it takes
+/// only what the child was asked with.
+impl Painter<'_> {
+    /// Frame ranges are already ranges on the window and combine directly.
+    /// A frame pin becomes this widget's own frame wherever a length of it
+    /// is what reached the child; where only pixels did, no length of this
+    /// frame can change the child's and the pin stops here.
     ///
-/// `frame` is the child's frame in this widget's frame coordinates and
+    /// Extent validity maps back through the part of this widget's box,
-/// `extent` the box it was given, in the child's own frame coordinates. Both
+    /// where the box the child was asked in is that part; a declared length
-/// reach it as one length, so what it holds for maps back through that
+    /// places the box inside the part instead, and then only that length
-/// length exactly -- and where the box it was given is this widget's own,
+    /// reaches the child. A narrowed frame is not one of these: it decides
-/// what it says about that box is what this widget can say about its own.
+    /// what fractions under the child mean and leaves the box the part it
-pub(crate) fn in_parent(
+    /// was given.
+    fn in_parent(
+        &self,
         holds: LayoutHolds,
-    frame: UiRegion,
         extent: UiRegion,
         place: [Place; 2],
+        narrow: [Option<Len>; 2],
         declared: [Option<LayoutLen>; 2],
     ) -> LayoutHolds {
         let mut result = LayoutHolds::ANY;
         for axis in AXES {
             let n = axis as usize;
-        let frame_len = frame.axis(axis).len();
+            // Every frame range is already a range on the window: the
-        result.frame[n] = holds.frame[n].through(frame_len);
+            // widget's own read converted through its frame exactly once.
-        match (place[n].part(), declared[n]) {
+            result.frame[n] = holds.frame[n];
-            // Its box is this widget's own, or a part of it in that box's
+            let reaches = narrow[n].is_none()
-            // own lengths: so what it holds for is a range on this widget's
+                && !matches!(place[n].part(), Part::Sized(_))
-            // own box, which is what lets that box move without a redraw. A
+                && declared[n].is_none_or(|len| len.rel != Rel::ZERO);
-            // length it pinned is this widget's length wherever the part is
+            result.frame_len[n] = holds.frame_len[n].and(reaches.then(|| self.frame.axis(axis)));
-            // the whole of it, and pins the same way.
+            match (place[n].part(), declared[n].is_some()) {
-            (Part::All, None) => {
+                // Its box is this widget's own, or a part of it in that
+                // box's own lengths: so what it holds for is a range on this
+                // widget's own box, which is what lets that box move without
+                // a redraw. A length it pinned is this widget's length
+                // wherever the part is the whole of it, and pins the same
+                // way.
+                (Part::All, false) => {
                     result.extent[n] = holds.extent[n];
                     result.extent_len[n] = holds.extent_len[n];
                 }
-            // Its box is a part of this widget's own box, in that box's own
+                // Its box is a part of this widget's own box, in that box's
-            // lengths, so what it holds for maps back through that part into
+                // own lengths, so what it holds for maps back through that
-            // a range on this widget's box.
+                // part into a range on this widget's box. A length it pinned
-            (Part::Of(span), None) => {
+                // is this widget's length less the part's pixels where the
-                result.extent[n] = holds.extent[n].through(span.len());
+                // part is the whole of the box less pixels, which is the one
+                // shape that inverts exactly; any other part pins this
+                // widget's own length.
+                (Part::Of(span), false) => {
+                    let part_len = span.len();
+                    result.extent[n] = holds.extent[n].through(part_len);
+                    result.extent_len[n] = holds.extent_len[n].map(|pinned| match part_len.rel {
+                        Rel::ONE => pinned - Len::from_parts(Rel::ZERO, part_len.px),
+                        _ => self.extent.axis(axis).len(),
+                    });
                 }
-            // Its box is a part of this widget's frame: a length of the
+                // Its box is a part of this widget's frame, or a length of
-            // frame is all that reaches it, so what it holds for is a range
+                // it decided here: a length of the frame is all that reaches
-            // on the frame and none of it on this widget's own box.
+                // it, so what it holds for is a range on the frame and none
+                // of it on this widget's own box.
                 _ => {
-                result.frame[n] = result.frame[n].and(
+                    result.frame[n] =
-                    holds.extent[n]
+                        result.frame[n].and(holds.extent[n].through(extent.axis(axis).len()));
-                        .through(extent.axis(axis).len())
-                        .through(frame_len),
-                );
                 }
             }
         }
         result
     }
-
-/// A child's answer as lengths of the parent's own region. A widget reports
-/// a fraction of its own region, and `of` is that region as a length of this
-/// one. Pixels come through untouched, being that many pixels wherever they
-/// end up. A declared axis is already the parent's: it resolved the rule in
-/// its own region, and the rule is what the report says.
-fn in_parent_frame(size: Size, of: UiVec2, declared: [Option<LayoutLen>; 2]) -> Size {
-    let mut size = size;
-    for (axis, declared) in AXES.into_iter().zip(declared) {
-        if declared.is_none() {
-            *size.axis_mut(axis) = size.axis(axis).within_len(of.axis(axis));
-        }
-    }
-    size
 }
 
 /// What a widget declares a length of its box to be. `leftover` is not one: a
@@ -657,59 +670,58 @@ pub(crate) fn placed_extent(
     placed
 }
 
-/// The part of a widget's own box a `place` names, in the coordinates that
+/// The frame length and the box a child is asked in, in the coordinates the
-/// box is in.
+/// widget asking draws in.
-pub(crate) fn part_of(extent: UiRegion, place: [Place; 2]) -> UiRegion {
-    let mut part = extent;
-    for axis in AXES {
-        *part.axis_mut(axis) = place[axis as usize].part().of(*extent.axis(axis));
-    }
-    part
-}
-
-/// The length a rule gives a child's frame, per axis: a fraction in it is a
-/// fraction of the frame the child was given, which is the one length the
-/// rule can mean.
-pub(crate) fn narrowed_by(declared: [Option<LayoutLen>; 2], frame: UiRegion) -> [Option<Len>; 2] {
-    AXES.map(|axis| {
-        declared[axis as usize]
-            .map(|len| Len::from_parts(len.rel, len.px).within_len(frame.axis(axis).len()))
-    })
-}
-
-/// The frame a child is asked in and the box its drawing goes in, both in
-/// the coordinates of the widget asking.
 ///
-/// `frame` is what the caller said the child's fractions are of, and `part`
+/// `own` is that widget's own box, and `place` what of it the child is
-/// what of the caller's own box the drawing takes. `narrow` is the length a
+/// given. `narrow` is a frame the container decided for the child -- a row's
-/// declared rule gives the frame, which makes the frame the box the drawing
+/// slot, or padding's frame less its pixels -- and [`Part::Sized`] one a
-/// goes in -- a rule is what decided where it goes, and there is nothing
+/// sibling's answer decided; both are window lengths, like every other
-/// left to place inside it. A caller that narrowed the frame itself said the
+/// length here, since a slot of a row is not a fraction of anything the row
-/// same thing.
+/// can name. The child's declaration is a fraction of whichever reached it,
-///
+/// and is the only one of the three that also places the box: a box the
-/// The length is the caller's to supply so that a widget asked again gets
+/// caller decided is what `place` names.
-/// the frame it already has rather than a second resolution of its rule.
 pub(crate) fn frame_and_extent(
-    mut frame: UiRegion,
+    own: UiRegion,
-    part: UiRegion,
+    parent_frame: UiVec2,
+    place: [Place; 2],
     narrow: [Option<Len>; 2],
+    declared: [Option<LayoutLen>; 2],
     align: RegionAlign,
-) -> (UiRegion, UiRegion) {
+) -> (UiVec2, UiRegion) {
+    let part = part_of(own, place, align);
+    let mut frame = parent_frame;
     let mut extent = part;
-    for (axis, narrow) in AXES.into_iter().zip(narrow) {
+    for axis in AXES {
-        let span = frame.axis_mut(axis);
+        let n = axis as usize;
-        let narrowed = match narrow {
+        let sized = match place[n].part() {
-            Some(len) => {
+            Part::Sized(len) => Some(len),
+            _ => None,
+        };
+        let base = sized
+            .or(narrow[n])
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| parent_frame.axis(axis));
+        let len = declared[n]
+            .map(|len| Len::from_parts(len.rel, len.px).within_len(base))
+            .unwrap_or(base);
+        *frame.axis_mut(axis) = len;
+        if declared[n].is_some() {
             let slot = part.axis(axis);
             let start = slot.start + (slot.len() - len).scale(align.axis(axis).rel());
-                *span = UiSpan::new(start, start + len);
+            *extent.axis_mut(axis) = UiSpan::new(start, start + len);
-                true
-            }
-            None => *span != UiSpan::FULL,
-        };
-        if narrowed {
-            *extent.axis_mut(axis) = UiSpan::FULL;
         }
     }
     (frame, extent)
 }
+
+/// The part of a widget's own box a `place` names, in the coordinates that
+/// box is in.
+fn part_of(extent: UiRegion, place: [Place; 2], align: RegionAlign) -> UiRegion {
+    let mut part = extent;
+    for axis in AXES {
+        *part.axis_mut(axis) = place[axis as usize]
+            .part()
+            .of(*extent.axis(axis), align.axis(axis));
+    }
+    part
+}

core/src/ui/place.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{PrimitiveHandle, UiRegion, UiSpan};
+use crate::{AxisAlign, Len, PrimitiveHandle, UiRegion, UiSpan};
 
 /// What of a widget's own box a child is given, along one axis.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
@@ -16,15 +16,25 @@ pub enum Part {
     /// container read its own box -- and a box chosen from its own answer
     /// then feeds back into the answer.
     Of(UiSpan),
+    /// A box of this length, wherever in the parent's box the child's own
+    /// alignment puts it, and that same length as its frame. Unlike `From`,
+    /// it is a length decided from above rather than a place along a
+    /// container's cursor -- what a stack's sizing child decides for the
+    /// rest.
+    Sized(Len),
 }
 
 impl Part {
     /// Where it lands in the coordinates `extent` is in.
-    pub(crate) fn of(self, extent: UiSpan) -> UiSpan {
+    pub(crate) fn of(self, extent: UiSpan, align: AxisAlign) -> UiSpan {
         match self {
             Self::All => extent,
             Self::From(span) => UiSpan::new(extent.start + span.start, extent.start + span.end),
             Self::Of(span) => span.within(&extent),
+            Self::Sized(len) => {
+                let start = extent.start + (extent.len() - len).scale(align.rel());
+                UiSpan::new(start, start + len)
+            }
         }
     }
 }

core/src/ui/render_state.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #[cfg(feature = "layout-diagnostics")]
 use crate::layout_diagnostics::{self as diag, Counter, ReuseOutcome, TimerKind};
-use crate::ui::painter::{declared_lens, frame_and_extent, narrowed_by, part_of, placed_extent};
+use crate::ui::painter::{declared_lens, frame_and_extent, placed_extent};
 use crate::{
-    ActiveData, Axis, DrawLayers, Holds, IdLike, LayoutHolds, LayoutLen, MaskIdx, MoveIdx, Moves,
+    ActiveData, Axis, DrawLayers, Holds, IdLike, LayoutHolds, LayoutLen, Len, MaskIdx, MoveIdx,
-    Painter, Part, PixelRegion, Place, PxVec2, Size, StrongWidget, UiRegion, UiRsc, Weight,
+    Moves, Painter, Part, PixelRegion, Place, PxVec2, Rel, Size, StrongWidget, UiRegion, UiRsc,
-    WidgetId, Widgets,
+    UiSpan, UiVec2, Weight, WidgetId, Widgets,
     util::{HashMap, Vec2},
 };
 
@@ -20,22 +20,23 @@ pub(super) struct DrawInfo {
     pub parent_move: MoveIdx,
     pub region_node: bool,
     pub mask: MaskIdx,
-    /// The frame in the parent widget's frame coordinates, before
+    /// What a fraction declared or reported under this widget is a fraction
-    /// composition. Its length is the same on every ask of the widget.
+    /// of, as a length of the window.
-    pub frame: UiRegion,
+    pub frame: UiVec2,
-    /// That frame composed into `parent_move`'s coordinates, which is what
+    /// The box the widget is asked in, in its parent region node's
-    /// the widget's own drawing is written within.
+    /// coordinates.
-    pub frame_abs: UiRegion,
-    /// The box the drawing is given, in the frame's own coordinates: the
-    /// part of the parent's own box that `place` names, before the widget's
-    /// answer is placed inside it.
     pub part: UiRegion,
-    /// What of the parent's extent the drawing was given, and what it was
+    /// Where the widget is put, and where it was asked, as parts of the
-    /// given at the parent's first ask of it. See [`Place`].
+    /// parent's box. See [`Place`]. The two are one ask's place until the
+    /// parent places the answer somewhere else.
     pub place: [Place; 2],
     pub offer_place: [Place; 2],
-    /// The frame in pixels: one multiply from the parent's own, which is
+    /// A frame the parent decided for it on each axis, as a length of the
-    /// where every pixel length in layout comes from.
+    /// window, which the widget's own declaration is a fraction of.
+    pub narrow: [Option<Len>; 2],
+    /// Whether the parent already asked about this widget in this draw.
+    pub re_asked: bool,
+    /// The frame in pixels, resolved once against the window.
     pub px: PxVec2,
 }
 
@@ -45,34 +46,18 @@ impl DrawInfo {
     fn fill(&self) -> [bool; 2] {
         self.place.map(Place::fills)
     }
-
-    /// Whether this ask is the one the widget's answer is kept from: the
-    /// same widget in the place its parent measured it by, however this draw
-    /// came about.
-    ///
-    /// **Open.** A place is a length from where the asking widget's own box
-    /// starts, so two drawings of that widget -- one in the box its parent
-    /// measured it in, one in the box its own answer chose -- ask their
-    /// children in the same places and different boxes, and this cannot tell
-    /// them apart. Shrinker seeds 2 (`repaint`) and 108 (`reorder`) at depth
-    /// 5 are where that shows.
-    fn offer(&self) -> bool {
-        self.place == self.offer_place
-    }
 }
 
 /// What a widget's children are placed in: its own box, the coordinates its
 /// drawing is in, and what else one ask of a child is decided from.
-struct Placing {
+pub(super) struct Placing {
-    id: WidgetId,
+    pub id: WidgetId,
-    extent: UiRegion,
+    pub extent: UiRegion,
-    /// The widget's frame in the coordinates its children compose within:
+    pub frame: UiVec2,
-    /// `FULL` where it is a region node, since its box is that node.
+    pub window: PxVec2,
-    local: UiRegion,
+    pub depth: usize,
-    px: PxVec2,
+    pub move_idx: MoveIdx,
-    depth: usize,
+    pub mask: MaskIdx,
-    move_idx: MoveIdx,
-    mask: MaskIdx,
 }
 
 pub struct UiRenderState {
@@ -134,24 +119,20 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         self.resized = true;
         let Some(root) = self.old_root else { return };
         let stands = self.active.get(&root).is_some_and(|active| {
-            let px = active.frame.size().to_px(size);
             // Nothing above the root chose anything, so the box it was first
             // asked about is the whole of its frame.
-            let offer = part_of(UiRegion::FULL, active.offer_place);
+            active.answers_at(size, active.offer_part)
-            active.answers_at(px, offer) && active.holds.contains(px, active.extent)
+                && active.holds.contains(size, active.frame, active.offer_part)
         });
         if !stands {
             widgets.needs_redraw.insert(root);
         }
     }
 
-    /// The root is asked about in the output: the window is where a fraction
+    /// The root is asked about in the output. Its own rules narrow both its
-    /// becomes pixels rather than a box of its own, so the root's box is the
+    /// frame and box; nothing above it chose a different one.
-    /// first length threaded down. Its own rules narrow that box, and where
+    fn root_info(&self, frame: UiVec2, extent: UiRegion) -> DrawInfo {
-    /// they do the narrowed box is also the offer -- nothing above it chose
+        let px = frame.to_px(self.output_size);
-    /// anything else.
-    fn root_info(&self, region: UiRegion) -> DrawInfo {
-        let px = region.size().to_px(self.output_size);
         DrawInfo {
             layer: 0,
             parent: None,
@@ -159,11 +140,12 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             parent_move: MoveIdx::NONE,
             region_node: false,
             mask: MaskIdx::NONE,
-            frame: region,
+            frame,
-            frame_abs: region,
+            part: extent,
-            part: UiRegion::FULL,
             place: [Place::Within(Part::All); 2],
             offer_place: [Place::Within(Part::All); 2],
+            narrow: [None; 2],
+            re_asked: false,
             px,
         }
     }
@@ -210,23 +192,24 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         let _layout = diag::timer(TimerKind::FullLayout);
         self.clear(rsc);
         if let Some(id) = root {
-            let region = Self::root_region(id.id(), rsc.widgets());
+            let (frame, extent) = Self::root_layout(id.id(), rsc.widgets());
-            let info = self.root_info(region);
+            let info = self.root_info(frame, extent);
             self.draw_inner(id.id(), info, None, rsc);
         }
     }
 
-    /// The root's frame: the window, narrowed by the root's own rules. Its
+    /// The root's frame and box: the window, taken in by the root's own
-    /// extent is that frame, since nothing above it chose anything else.
+    /// rules. Nothing above it narrowed anything or chose where it goes, so
-    fn root_region(id: WidgetId, widgets: &Widgets) -> UiRegion {
+    /// its declaration is the whole of what decides either.
-        let narrow = narrowed_by(declared_lens(widgets, id), UiRegion::FULL);
+    fn root_layout(id: WidgetId, widgets: &Widgets) -> (UiVec2, UiRegion) {
         frame_and_extent(
             UiRegion::FULL,
-            UiRegion::FULL,
+            UiVec2::FULL_SIZE,
-            narrow,
+            [Place::Within(Part::All); 2],
+            [None; 2],
+            declared_lens(widgets, id),
             widgets.alignment(id),
         )
-        .0
     }
 
     pub(super) fn draw_inner(
@@ -236,78 +219,56 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         mut old: Option<ActiveData>,
         rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc,
     ) -> (Size, LayoutHolds, LayoutHolds) {
-        let (frame, part) = (info.frame_abs, info.part);
+        let part = info.part;
         #[cfg(feature = "layout-diagnostics")]
         {
             diag::bump(Counter::DrawRequests);
-            diag::draw_request(id, info.parent, frame, info.px, info.region_node);
+            diag::draw_request(id, info.parent, part, info.px, info.region_node);
         }
         let align = rsc.widgets().alignment(id);
+        let declared = declared_lens(rsc.widgets(), id);
         // Nothing this widget measured can be dirty while it draws: layout is
         // one bottom-up walk, so anything deeper has settled or deferred to
         // its own parent, and a deferred one leaves that parent marked.
         let stale = rsc.widgets().needs_redraw.contains(&id);
-        let retained = match stale {
+        // The widget draws once, in the box it is asked in, and its answer
-            true => None,
+        // is placed inside that box by re-expressing the drawing. The box the
-            false => self
+        // answer chose is never a question: nothing is drawn again in it, so
-                .retained_answer(id, part, info)
+        // an answer is kept only with the drawing that gave it, and both
-                .or_else(|| self.try_reuse(id, frame, part, info, rsc)),
+        // have to hold for the box asked about.
-        };
+        let reused = (!stale)
-        let answer = retained.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            .then(|| self.retained_answer(id, part, info))
+            .flatten()
+            .and_then(|answer| {
+                let extent = placed_extent(part, answer.0, declared, info.fill(), align);
+                self.try_reuse(id, part, extent, info, rsc).map(|()| answer)
+            });
+        let answer = reused.unwrap_or_else(|| {
             if old.is_none() {
                 old = self.remove(id, false, rsc);
             }
-            self.draw_at(id, part, info, old.take(), rsc)
+            let answer = self.draw_at(id, part, info, old.take(), rsc);
+            // Where the drawing goes: the part its parent gave it, with the
+            // answer placed inside that part on any axis the parent left
+            // open.
+            let extent = placed_extent(part, answer.0, declared, info.fill(), align);
+            if extent != part {
+                self.relocate(id, extent, info, rsc);
+            }
+            answer
         });
 
-        // Where the drawing goes, in the frame's own coordinates: the part
-        // its parent gave it, with the answer placed inside that part on any
-        // axis the parent left open. The frame itself does not change, so
-        // nothing under it resolves a fraction a second time.
-        //
-        // From the answer it gave when its parent measured it, and not from
-        // what a placing evaluation reported: placing a drawing by what it
-        // said in the box its own answer chose would move the box out from
-        // under it.
-        let measured = match info.offer() {
-            true => answer.0,
-            false => self.active[&id].measured().unwrap_or(answer.0),
-        };
-        let extent = placed_extent(
-            part,
-            measured,
-            declared_lens(rsc.widgets(), id),
-            info.fill(),
-            align,
-        );
-        self.place(id, extent, info, rsc);
-
-        // On axes the parent filled, measurement and drawing share an extent.
-        // Otherwise the answer fixes the final extent as a function of the
-        // frame, so pull that drawing's validity back through it.
         let drawing_holds = self.active[&id].holds;
-        let mut settled = answer;
-        for axis in AXES {
-            let n = axis as usize;
-            settled.1.frame[n] = settled.1.frame[n].and(drawing_holds.frame[n]);
-            if info.fill()[n] {
-                settled.1.extent[n] = settled.1.extent[n].and(drawing_holds.extent[n]);
-            } else {
-                settled.1.frame[n] = settled.1.frame[n]
-                    .and(drawing_holds.extent[n].through(extent.axis(axis).len()));
-            }
-        }
         let active = self.active.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
         // Whoever asked owns how the boxes were reached: the frame it stated,
-        // and what of its own box it gave the drawing. A local redraw asks
+        // and what of its own box it asked in. A local redraw asks the same
-        // the same question again from these.
+        // question again from these.
-        active.frame_abs = frame;
         active.frame = info.frame;
-        if info.offer() {
+        active.narrow = info.narrow;
+        active.re_asked = info.re_asked;
         active.answer = Some(answer);
         active.offer_place = info.offer_place;
         active.offer_part = part;
-        }
         active.place = info.place;
         active.own_align = align;
         // A subtree can be reused whole under a different parent -- same box,
@@ -322,21 +283,7 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         {
             old_parent.children.retain(|child| *child != id);
         }
-        (answer.0, answer.1, settled.1)
+        (answer.0, answer.1, drawing_holds)
-    }
-
-    /// Recompose retained geometry when the evaluation still holds at this extent.
-    fn place(&mut self, id: WidgetId, extent: UiRegion, info: DrawInfo, rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc) {
-        if self
-            .try_reuse(id, info.frame_abs, extent, info, rsc)
-            .is_some()
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-        #[cfg(feature = "layout-diagnostics")]
-        diag::bump(Counter::PlaceRedraws);
-        let old = self.remove(id, false, rsc);
-        self.draw_at(id, extent, info, old, rsc);
     }
 
     /// Calls a widget's `draw` and keeps what it drew in `extent` of `frame`.
@@ -348,35 +295,30 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         old: Option<ActiveData>,
         rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc,
     ) -> (Size, LayoutHolds) {
-        let frame = info.frame_abs;
+        let frame = info.frame;
-        let (move_idx, local, retired_move) = match info.region_node {
+        let (move_idx, extent, retired_move) = match info.region_node {
-            // Its box becomes its movable region, so it draws in that
+            // A node entry is only a translation. Its local box keeps the
-            // region's coordinates and its box is one entry to rewrite.
+            // same window-unit length as the box in its parent's node.
             true => (
-                self.move_slot(id, info.parent_move, frame),
+                self.move_slot(id, info.parent_move, translation(extent)),
-                UiRegion::FULL,
+                local_region(extent),
                 None,
             ),
             // Keep the old entry alive until every descendant has migrated.
             // Reusing its index sooner could make an old parent look current.
-            false => (info.parent_move, frame, self.slots.remove(&id)),
+            false => (info.parent_move, extent, self.slots.remove(&id)),
-        };
-        let (old_children, old_answer, old_offer_part) = match old {
-            Some(old) => (old.children, old.answer, Some(old.offer_part)),
-            None => (Vec::new(), None, None),
         };
+        let old_children = old.map_or_else(Vec::new, |old| old.children);
         rsc.widgets_mut().needs_redraw.remove(&id);
-        // Only evaluation at the original offer establishes the children's
-        // offers. A placing evaluation must not overwrite that question.
         let px = info.px;
-        let at_offer = info.offer();
 
+        let window = self.output_size;
         let mut painter = Painter {
             state: self,
-            frame: local,
+            frame,
             extent,
             extent_len: [None; 2],
-            px,
+            window,
             mask: info.mask,
             layer: info.layer,
             own_layer: info.layer,
@@ -385,11 +327,10 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             primitives: Vec::new(),
             mask_region: None,
             children: Vec::new(),
-            offered: Vec::new(),
-            at_offer,
             size_deps: Vec::new(),
             frame_own: [Holds::ANY; 2],
-            under: LayoutHolds::ANY,
+            frame_own_len: [None; 2],
+            under: Vec::new(),
             extent_own: [Holds::ANY; 2],
             answer_under: LayoutHolds::ANY,
             depth: info.depth,
@@ -413,7 +354,7 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             rsc: _,
             frame: _,
             extent: _,
-            px: _,
+            window: _,
             mask,
             textures,
             primitives,
@@ -422,10 +363,9 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             extent_len,
             answer_under,
             children,
-            offered: _,
-            at_offer: _,
             size_deps,
             frame_own,
+            frame_own_len,
             under,
             move_idx,
             layer,
@@ -441,11 +381,23 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         );
         // A rule wins on the axis it names, and the draw answers the rest.
         // Applied here so it is one place rather than every widget that could
-        // carry one, and so the widget under a rule never learns of it.
+        // carry one, and so the widget under a rule never learns of it. The
+        // frame is the answer where the rule gave a length outright: it was
+        // resolved into the frame when the child was asked, and resolving it
+        // again here would take the fraction of a fraction.
         let rules = rsc.widgets().size_rules(id);
+        let ruled = |axis: Axis, reported: LayoutLen| match rules.axis(axis).exact() {
+            None => reported,
+            Some(len) if len.leftover == Weight::ZERO => LayoutLen {
+                rel: info.frame.axis(axis).rel,
+                px: info.frame.axis(axis).px,
+                leftover: Weight::ZERO,
+            },
+            Some(len) => len.within_len(info.frame.axis(axis)),
+        };
         let size = Size {
-            x: rules.x.apply(size.x),
+            x: ruled(Axis::X, size.x),
-            y: rules.y.apply(size.y),
+            y: ruled(Axis::Y, size.y),
         };
         // A widget that clipped its contents to its box drew nothing outside
         // it, so reporting more than the box asks to be placed at a length it
@@ -453,7 +405,10 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         // Overflowing is otherwise ordinary: a text too tall for the box it
         // was offered reports the height it needs.
         debug_assert!(
-            mask == info.mask || AXES.into_iter().all(|axis| within_box(size, px, axis)),
+            mask == info.mask
+                || AXES
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .all(|axis| within_box(size, extent, self.output_size, axis)),
             "'{}' ({id:?}) clips to {px:?} and reports {size}",
             rsc.widgets().label(id),
         );
@@ -465,15 +420,32 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         if let Some(idx) = retired_move {
             self.moves.remove(idx);
         }
+        // A rule that is a fraction of the frame is answered with the
+        // frame's own length, so the answer is that frame's and not just
+        // that many pixels of this window -- the same pin a widget that read
+        // its frame took for its drawing.
+        let frame_len = AXES.map(|axis| {
+            let fraction = rules
+                .axis(axis)
+                .exact()
+                .is_some_and(|len| len.rel != Rel::ZERO);
+            match fraction {
+                true => Some(info.frame.axis(axis)),
+                false => frame_own_len[axis as usize],
+            }
+        });
         let own_holds = LayoutHolds {
             frame: frame_own,
+            frame_len,
             extent: extent_own,
             extent_len,
         };
         let answer_holds = own_holds.and(answer_under);
-        let holds = answer_holds.and(under);
+        let holds = under
+            .into_iter()
+            .fold(answer_holds, |holds, (_, child)| holds.and(child));
         debug_assert!(
-            holds.contains(px, extent),
+            holds.contains(self.output_size, info.frame, extent),
             "'{}' ({id:?}) drew in {px:?}, outside the ranges it reported: {holds:?}",
             rsc.widgets().label(id),
         );
@@ -491,11 +463,12 @@ impl UiRenderState {
                         parent_move: move_idx,
                         region_node: false,
                         mask,
-                        frame: UiRegion::FULL,
+                        frame: UiVec2::FULL_SIZE,
-                        frame_abs: UiRegion::FULL,
                         part: UiRegion::FULL,
                         place: [Place::Within(Part::All); 2],
                         offer_place: [Place::Within(Part::All); 2],
+                        narrow: [None; 2],
+                        re_asked: false,
                         px,
                     },
                     rsc,
@@ -506,14 +479,15 @@ impl UiRenderState {
 
         let active = ActiveData {
             id,
-            frame_abs: frame,
             extent,
             frame: info.frame,
+            narrow: info.narrow,
             place: info.place,
             offer_place: info.offer_place,
-            offer_part: old_offer_part.unwrap_or(extent),
+            offer_part: extent,
-            // Whoever asked writes the answer, if this was the asking.
+            // Whoever asked writes the answer.
-            answer: old_answer,
+            answer: None,
+            re_asked: info.re_asked,
             size,
             holds,
             drawn: true,
@@ -576,38 +550,22 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             return None;
         }
         let answer = active.answer?;
-        answer.1.contains(info.px, part).then_some(answer)
+        answer
+            .1
+            .contains(self.output_size, info.frame, part)
+            .then_some(answer)
     }
 
-    /// The pixel lengths of a widget's frame, which is what a local redraw
+    /// Keeps the retained drawing if its contract holds for `part`, the box
-    /// needs to ask the question its parent asked.
+    /// asked about, and puts it at `extent`, where the answer places it.
-    ///
-    /// It is threaded down from the window a length of a box at a time, and
-    /// this takes the same steps back up: a widget's frame is a length of its
-    /// parent's frame, and that chain has no coordinate frame in it, so a
-    /// region node cannot break it -- and it lands on the number a cold
-    /// layout computes rather than near it.
-    fn asked_px(&self, id: WidgetId) -> PxVec2 {
-        let active = &self.active[&id];
-        // Nothing above the root: the window is where a fraction becomes
-        // pixels, which is also the whole of the frame the root is given.
-        let parent_px = match active.parent.and_then(|p| self.active.get(&p)) {
-            Some(parent) => self.asked_px(parent.id),
-            None => self.output_size,
-        };
-        active.frame.size().to_px(parent_px)
-    }
-
-    /// Reuses the actual drawing in a new box if its retained contract holds
-    /// there. Answers retained from a different ask are handled separately.
     fn try_reuse(
         &mut self,
         id: WidgetId,
-        frame: UiRegion,
+        part: UiRegion,
         extent: UiRegion,
         info: DrawInfo,
         rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc,
-    ) -> Option<(Size, LayoutHolds)> {
+    ) -> Option<()> {
         #[cfg(feature = "layout-diagnostics")]
         diag::bump(Counter::ReuseAttempts);
         if rsc.widgets().needs_redraw.contains(&id) {
@@ -653,10 +611,10 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             }
             return None;
         }
-        // In pixels, because the frame is a fraction of its parent's and
+        // In pixels, because the box is a fraction of the window and that
-        // that may be what changed -- an unchanged fraction of a box half the
+        // may be what changed -- an unchanged fraction of a window half the
         // size is half the widget.
-        if !active.holds.contains(info.px, extent) {
+        if !active.holds.contains(self.output_size, info.frame, part) {
             #[cfg(feature = "layout-diagnostics")]
             {
                 // Which of the three said no, so a frame that redraws more
@@ -665,13 +623,16 @@ impl UiRenderState {
                 let holds = active.holds;
                 for axis in AXES {
                     let n = axis as usize;
-                    if holds.extent_len[n].is_some_and(|pinned| pinned != extent.axis(axis).len()) {
+                    if holds.extent_len[n].is_some_and(|pinned| pinned != part.axis(axis).len()) {
                         diag::bump(Counter::OutsidePinnedLen);
                     }
-                    if !holds.frame[n].contains(info.px.axis(axis)) {
+                    if !holds.frame[n].contains(self.output_size.axis(axis))
+                        || holds.frame_len[n].is_some_and(|pinned| pinned != info.frame.axis(axis))
+                    {
                         diag::bump(Counter::OutsideFrame);
                     }
-                    if !holds.extent[n].contains(extent.axis(axis).len().to_px(info.px.axis(axis)))
+                    if !holds.extent[n]
+                        .contains(part.axis(axis).len().to_px(self.output_size.axis(axis)))
                     {
                         diag::bump(Counter::OutsideExtent);
                     }
@@ -681,22 +642,35 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             }
             return None;
         }
-        let extent_moved = active.extent != extent;
+        self.relocate(id, extent, info, rsc);
-        let moved = active.frame_abs != frame;
+        Some(())
-        let (answer, slot) = ((active.size, active.holds), active.move_idx);
+    }
-        if moved {
+
+    /// Puts a retained drawing where its parent now has it, without drawing:
+    /// a widget with a node of its own writes that node's translation, and
+    /// one without re-expresses its own drawing and everything inside it.
+    fn relocate(&mut self, id: WidgetId, extent: UiRegion, info: DrawInfo, rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc) {
+        let active = &self.active[&id];
+        debug_assert!(
+            !rsc.widgets().needs_redraw.contains(&id),
+            "'{}' ({id:?}) placed while marked to draw",
+            rsc.widgets().label(id)
+        );
+        let has_region_node = active.move_idx != active.parent_move;
+        let local = match has_region_node {
+            true => local_region(extent),
+            false => extent,
+        };
+        let moved = active.extent != local;
+        let slot = active.move_idx;
         if has_region_node {
-                self.moves.set(slot, frame);
+            self.moves.set(slot, translation(extent));
-            } else {
-                self.recompose_subtree(id, frame, info.parent_move, rsc);
         }
-        }
+        if moved {
-        if extent_moved {
+            self.reposition(id, local, info, rsc);
-            self.reposition(id, frame, extent, info, rsc);
         }
         self.redepth(id, info.depth);
         let active = self.active.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
-        active.frame_abs = frame;
         active.frame = info.frame;
         active.place = info.place;
         #[cfg(feature = "layout-diagnostics")]
@@ -719,20 +693,31 @@ impl UiRenderState {
                 },
             );
         }
-        Some(answer)
     }
 
-    /// Places one child of `at.id` in the box that widget's own box gives
+    /// Places one child of `at.id` where that widget's own box now has it.
-    /// it: its part of the extent, with its answer placed inside that part
-    /// where the ask left the axis open.
     fn place_child(&mut self, child: WidgetId, at: &Placing, rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc) {
+        let place = self.active[&child].place;
+        self.place_in(child, at, place, rsc);
+    }
+
+    /// Puts a child of `at.id` in `place` of that widget's box: its answer
+    /// placed inside that part where the place leaves the axis open, the
+    /// drawing re-expressed there.
+    pub(super) fn place_in(
+        &mut self,
+        child: WidgetId,
+        at: &Placing,
+        place: [Place; 2],
+        rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc,
+    ) {
         let active = &self.active[&child];
-        let (frame, part) = Self::re_ask(active, at.extent, active.place);
+        let (frame, part) = Self::ask_again(active, at, place);
         let extent = placed_extent(
             part,
             active.measured().unwrap_or(active.size),
             active.declared,
-            active.place.map(Place::fills),
+            place.map(Place::fills),
             active.own_align,
         );
         let info = DrawInfo {
@@ -743,34 +728,27 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             region_node: active.move_idx != active.parent_move,
             mask: at.mask,
             frame,
-            frame_abs: frame.within(&at.local),
             part,
-            place: active.place,
+            place,
             offer_place: active.offer_place,
-            px: frame.size().to_px(at.px),
+            narrow: active.narrow,
+            re_asked: active.re_asked,
+            px: frame.to_px(at.window),
         };
-        self.place(child, extent, info, rsc);
+        self.relocate(child, extent, info, rsc);
     }
 
-    /// The frame and the box a widget being asked again is given, from what
+    /// The frame and the box a widget already drawn is given at `place` of
-    /// it already has and where its parent's box is now. A frame's length is
+    /// the box its parent is being taken as. What narrowed its frame and what
-    /// the same on every ask, so a declared length is put back where it sits
+    /// it declared are its own record's, so both are resolved against that
-    /// in the part rather than resolved from its rule a second time.
+    /// parent's frame again exactly as the first ask resolved them.
-    fn re_ask(
+    fn ask_again(active: &ActiveData, at: &Placing, place: [Place; 2]) -> (UiVec2, UiRegion) {
-        active: &ActiveData,
-        parent_extent: UiRegion,
-        place: [Place; 2],
-    ) -> (UiRegion, UiRegion) {
-        let narrow = AXES.map(|axis| {
-            let n = axis as usize;
-            active.declared[n]
-                .is_some()
-                .then(|| active.frame.axis(axis).len())
-        });
         frame_and_extent(
-            active.frame,
+            at.extent,
-            part_of(parent_extent, place),
+            at.frame,
-            narrow,
+            place,
+            active.narrow,
+            active.declared,
             active.own_align,
         )
     }
@@ -779,36 +757,21 @@ impl UiRenderState {
     /// is placed as a part of that box, so each one's new box is its retained
     /// part re-added to the new start -- and a child whose own box then did
     /// not change is not touched at all.
-    fn reposition(
+    fn reposition(&mut self, id: WidgetId, extent: UiRegion, info: DrawInfo, rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc) {
-        &mut self,
-        id: WidgetId,
-        frame: UiRegion,
-        extent: UiRegion,
-        info: DrawInfo,
-        rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc,
-    ) {
         let active = self.active.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
-        active.frame_abs = frame;
         active.extent = extent;
-        let local = if info.region_node {
-            UiRegion::FULL
-        } else {
-            frame
-        };
         for primitive in &active.primitives {
             let handle = &primitive.handle;
-            *self.layers[handle.layer].region_mut(handle) =
+            *self.layers[handle.layer].region_mut(handle) = primitive.region.within(&extent);
-                primitive.region.within(&extent).within(&local);
         }
         if let Some(mask_region) = active.mask_region {
-            rsc.ui_mut().masks.get_mut(active.mask).region =
+            rsc.ui_mut().masks.get_mut(active.mask).region = mask_region.within(&extent);
-                mask_region.within(&extent).within(&local);
         }
         let at = Placing {
             id,
             extent,
-            local,
+            frame: info.frame,
-            px: info.px,
+            window: self.output_size,
             depth: info.depth,
             move_idx: active.move_idx,
             mask: active.mask,
@@ -838,38 +801,6 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Replays the original local compositions, including their rounding order.
-    /// A region node terminates the walk because its contents name its slot.
-    fn recompose_subtree(
-        &mut self,
-        id: WidgetId,
-        frame: UiRegion,
-        parent_move: MoveIdx,
-        rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc,
-    ) {
-        let active = self.active.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
-        active.frame_abs = frame;
-        if active.move_idx != parent_move {
-            self.moves.set(active.move_idx, frame);
-            return;
-        }
-        let extent = active.extent;
-        for primitive in &active.primitives {
-            let handle = &primitive.handle;
-            *self.layers[handle.layer].region_mut(handle) =
-                primitive.region.within(&extent).within(&frame);
-        }
-        if let Some(local) = active.mask_region {
-            rsc.ui_mut().masks.get_mut(active.mask).region = local.within(&extent).within(&frame);
-        }
-        let children = active.children.len();
-        for index in 0..children {
-            let child = self.active[&id].children[index];
-            let local = self.active[&child].frame;
-            self.recompose_subtree(child, local.within(&frame), parent_move, rsc);
-        }
-    }
-
     fn hints_agree(id: WidgetId, size: Size, rsc: &dyn UiRsc) -> bool {
         let Some(widget) = rsc.widgets().get_dyn(id) else {
             return true;
@@ -940,13 +871,14 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             id,
             ActiveData {
                 id,
-                frame_abs: UiRegion::FULL,
                 extent: UiRegion::FULL,
-                frame: UiRegion::FULL,
+                frame: UiVec2::FULL_SIZE,
+                narrow: [None; 2],
                 place: [Place::Within(Part::All); 2],
                 offer_place: [Place::Within(Part::All); 2],
                 offer_part: UiRegion::FULL,
                 answer: None,
+                re_asked: false,
                 size,
                 holds: LayoutHolds::ANY,
                 drawn: false,
@@ -1127,9 +1059,8 @@ impl UiRenderState {
     pub fn window_region(&self, id: &impl IdLike) -> Option<PixelRegion> {
         let active = self.active.get(&id.id())?;
         active.drawn.then(|| {
-            let placed = active.extent.within(&active.frame_abs);
             self.moves
-                .resolve(active.parent_move, placed)
+                .resolve(active.move_idx, active.extent)
                 .to_px(self.output_size)
         })
     }
@@ -1146,11 +1077,16 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         // Its parent resolved its declared lengths into its box and decided
         // whether to draw it at all, so a change to either is the parent's
         // to draw -- with the mark left on, so the parent draws it rather
-        // than keeping it.
+        // than keeping it. So is a widget the parent asked twice: its
+        // layout rests on an answer this widget cannot give again alone.
         let declared_changed = declared_lens(rsc.widgets(), id) != active.declared;
         let alignment_changed = rsc.widgets().alignment(id) != active.own_align;
         if let Some(parent) = active.parent
-            && (declared_changed || alignment_changed || !active.drawn || active.answer.is_none())
+            && (declared_changed
+                || alignment_changed
+                || active.re_asked
+                || !active.drawn
+                || active.answer.is_none())
         {
             // Both stay marked: the parent because it has this to draw, and
             // this because the parent must draw it rather than keep what it
@@ -1166,10 +1102,10 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         // box is its own to work out again against the output. Every other
         // widget was given one.
         let Some(parent) = active.parent else {
-            let region = Self::root_region(id, rsc.widgets());
+            let (frame, extent) = Self::root_layout(id, rsc.widgets());
             let info = DrawInfo {
                 mask: active.parent_mask,
-                ..self.root_info(region)
+                ..self.root_info(frame, extent)
             };
             #[cfg(feature = "layout-diagnostics")]
             diag::bump(Counter::LocalRedraws);
@@ -1177,13 +1113,14 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             self.draw_inner(id, info, old, rsc);
             return true;
         };
-        let px = self.asked_px(id);
+        let (was_answer, was_holds, was_place) = (active.answer, active.holds, active.place);
-        let (was_answer, was_holds) = (active.answer, active.holds);
+        // The question its parent asked, asked again: the same place of the
-        // The boxes its parent gave it, then and now: its frame is the same
+        // box the parent was asked in, which is the box the parent's own
-        // on every ask, so the question its parent asked is the one this
+        // draw ran in and what its children's parts are of. Where the
-        // asks again -- there is no box here that could be its parent's to
+        // parent's answer put its own drawing is not a question anybody
-        // choose instead.
+        // asked, and nothing is asked in it here either.
-        let parent_extent = self.active[&parent].extent;
+        let asked = self.placing_of(parent, self.active[&parent].offer_part);
+        let (frame, part) = Self::ask_again(active, &asked, active.offer_place);
         let info = DrawInfo {
             layer: active.layer,
             parent: active.parent,
@@ -1191,51 +1128,19 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             parent_move: active.parent_move,
             region_node: rsc.widgets().is_region_node(id),
             mask: active.parent_mask,
-            frame: active.frame,
+            frame,
-            frame_abs: active.frame_abs,
+            part,
-            part: Self::re_ask(active, parent_extent, active.place).1,
+            place: active.offer_place,
-            place: active.place,
             offer_place: active.offer_place,
-            px,
+            narrow: active.narrow,
-        };
+            re_asked: false,
-        // The ask that measured it, asked again: the box it was measured in
+            px: frame.to_px(self.output_size),
-        // as its parent left it, rather than where that ask's place resolves
-        // to now -- a parent drawn again in the box its own answer chose
-        // gives its children boxes it never measured anything in.
-        let offered = DrawInfo {
-            place: info.offer_place,
-            part: active.offer_part,
-            ..info
         };
         #[cfg(feature = "layout-diagnostics")]
         diag::bump(Counter::LocalRedraws);
 
-        // Asked again in the box its parent gave it, which is the question
-        // its parent asked only while that box is as long as the one it was
-        // measured in. Any other box is a different question, so the parent
-        // asks it, with the mark left on. Lengths and not whole boxes: what
-        // a drawing depends on is its lengths, so the same lengths elsewhere
-        // is one question.
-        //
-        // The frame is the same on every ask now, so this is about the box
-        // the drawing goes in alone. Removing it -- asking the measuring
-        // question here and placing the answer afterwards -- is what the
-        // transparent-frames plan asks for next, and it does not hold yet:
-        // seeds 104 (`align`) and 210 (`reorder`) at depth 5 settle
-        // differently warm and cold without it.
-        if info.part.size() != offered.part.size() {
-            self.mark(id, rsc.widgets_mut());
-            self.mark(parent, rsc.widgets_mut());
-            return false;
-        }
         let old = self.remove(id, false, rsc);
-        // The original measurement is refreshed before the assigned slot is
+        let answer = self.draw_inner(id, info, old, rsc);
-        // restored: its lengths may differ even though the frame is
-        // unchanged.
-        let answer = self.draw_inner(id, offered, old, rsc);
-        if info.place != info.offer_place || info.part != offered.part {
-            self.draw_inner(id, info, None, rsc);
-        }
         let active = self.active.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
         // A wider contract does not invalidate the guarantee the parent kept.
         // Retain that guarantee so widening and narrowing back do not churn it.
@@ -1245,7 +1150,9 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         {
             active.answer = was_answer;
         }
-        if active.holds.covers(was_holds) && was_holds.contains(px, active.extent) {
+        if active.holds.covers(was_holds)
+            && was_holds.contains(self.output_size, active.frame, active.extent)
+        {
             active.holds = was_holds;
         }
         if active.answer != was_answer || active.holds != was_holds {
@@ -1257,18 +1164,61 @@ impl UiRenderState {
                 diag::bump(Counter::ReaderEdges);
             }
             self.mark(parent, rsc.widgets_mut());
+        } else {
+            // The answer stands, so where the parent put it stands: the
+            // fresh drawing goes back there -- the same place, of the box
+            // the parent's answer chose rather than the one it was asked in.
+            let at = self.placing_of(parent, self.active[&parent].extent);
+            self.place_in(id, &at, was_place, rsc);
         }
         true
     }
+
+    /// A drawn widget as the thing its children are placed within, with
+    /// `extent` as the box their parts are of: the box it was asked in for
+    /// asking one of them again, the box its answer chose for placing one.
+    fn placing_of(&self, id: WidgetId, extent: UiRegion) -> Placing {
+        let active = &self.active[&id];
+        Placing {
+            id,
+            extent,
+            frame: active.frame,
+            window: self.output_size,
+            depth: active.depth,
+            move_idx: active.move_idx,
+            mask: active.mask,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Whether what a widget reports along `axis` is inside the box it drew in.
-/// A share is a length only to whoever divides one, so it is not a claim
+/// Both are lengths of the window, so the comparison is in its pixels. A
-/// about this box and cannot exceed it.
+/// share is a length only to whoever divides one, so it is not a claim about
-fn within_box(size: Size, px: PxVec2, axis: Axis) -> bool {
+/// this box and cannot exceed it.
+fn within_box(size: Size, extent: UiRegion, window: PxVec2, axis: Axis) -> bool {
     let len = size.axis(axis);
-    let box_len = px.axis(axis);
+    let window = window.axis(axis);
-    len.leftover != Weight::ZERO || box_len.mul(len.rel) + len.px <= box_len
+    len.leftover != Weight::ZERO
+        || Len::from_parts(len.rel, len.px).to_px(window) <= extent.axis(axis).len().to_px(window)
+}
+
+/// A box in a fresh region node keeps its window-unit length and starts at
+/// that node's origin.
+fn local_region(region: UiRegion) -> UiRegion {
+    let size = region.size();
+    UiRegion::new(
+        UiSpan::new(Len::ZERO, size.x),
+        UiSpan::new(Len::ZERO, size.y),
+    )
+}
+
+/// A region node changes only the origin. A full relative span anchored at
+/// the box start composes as that translation in both the CPU and shader.
+fn translation(region: UiRegion) -> UiRegion {
+    UiRegion {
+        x: UiSpan::new(region.x.start, region.x.start + Len::FULL),
+        y: UiSpan::new(region.y.start, region.y.start + Len::FULL),
+    }
 }
 
 impl Default for UiRenderState {

src/random.rs

@@ -120,15 +120,25 @@ impl Widget for Branch {
         let cut = Len::from_parts(Rel::ZERO, Px::from_int(40));
         let top = Place::Within(Part::From(UiSpan::new(Len::ZERO, cut)));
         let measured = painter
-            .widget_at(&self.probe, UiRegion::FULL, [Place::Within(Part::All), top])
+            .widget_at(&self.probe, [None; 2], [Place::Within(Part::All), top])
             .len(Axis::X);
-        let px = measured.apply_leftover().to_px(painter.px_len(Axis::X));
+        let len = measured.apply_leftover();
+        let px = painter.to_px(len, Axis::X);
+        // The range it actually branched on, said the way a container says
+        // one: pinning the window instead would redraw this widget on every
+        // resize, which is a fixture that never exercises reuse.
+        let threshold = Px::from_f32(self.threshold);
+        let holds = match px > threshold {
+            true => Holds::from(threshold + Px::STEP..=Px::MAX),
+            false => Holds::from(Px::MIN..=threshold),
+        };
+        painter.window_holds(Axis::X, holds.through(len));
 
         let below = Place::Within(Part::From(UiSpan::new(cut, painter.extent_len(Axis::Y))));
         let place = [Place::Within(Part::All), below];
-        match px > Px::from_f32(self.threshold) {
+        match px > threshold {
-            true => painter.widget_at(&self.wide, UiRegion::FULL, place),
+            true => painter.widget_at(&self.wide, [None; 2], place),
-            false => painter.widget_at(&self.narrow, UiRegion::FULL, place),
+            false => painter.widget_at(&self.narrow, [None; 2], place),
         };
         Size::LEFTOVER
     }

src/widget/position/offset.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ impl Widget for Offset {
             moved(painter.extent_len(Axis::X), self.amt.x),
             moved(painter.extent_len(Axis::Y), self.amt.y),
         ];
-        painter.widget_at(&self.inner, UiRegion::FULL, place).size()
+        painter.widget_at(&self.inner, [None; 2], place).size()
     }
 }

src/widget/position/pad.rs

@@ -14,12 +14,11 @@ impl Widget for Pad {
         // widget -- the slack is the inner's to sit in, and forcing the near
         // edge pinned it to a corner it had not asked for.
         //
-        // The padding goes around what it pads: the frame passes through, so
+        // Padding is an inset of both: it comes off the frame, so `rel(1)`
-        // the inner's fractions mean what they would without it, and only
+        // under it fills this widget rather than overflowing it by the
-        // the box it draws in is moved in by the pixels. Said as a part of
+        // padding, and it comes off the box, so what is drawn sits inside.
-        // this widget's own box in that box's own lengths, so nothing here
+        // The two stay distinct -- the box can be narrower still, where a row
-        // reads how long the box is -- and a box chosen from this widget's
+        // asked this widget in the room left, and a text wraps at that.
-        // own answer therefore does not feed back into that answer.
         let inset = |lead: Px, trail: Px| {
             Place::Within(Part::Of(UiSpan::new(
                 Len::from_parts(Rel::ZERO, lead),
@@ -30,7 +29,16 @@ impl Widget for Pad {
             inset(self.padding.left, self.padding.right),
             inset(self.padding.top, self.padding.bottom),
         ];
-        let inner = painter.widget_at(&self.inner, UiRegion::FULL, place).size();
+        // Read from this widget's own frame rather than written as a
+        // fraction of it: a frame is a length of the window like everything
+        // else here, and taking the padding off is the whole of what this
+        // widget does to it.
+        let narrow = [
+            (Axis::X, self.padding.left + self.padding.right),
+            (Axis::Y, self.padding.top + self.padding.bottom),
+        ]
+        .map(|(axis, pixels)| Some(painter.frame_len(axis) - Len::from_parts(Rel::ZERO, pixels)));
+        let inner = painter.widget_at(&self.inner, narrow, place).size();
         Size {
             x: LayoutLen {
                 px: inner.x.px + self.padding.left + self.padding.right,

src/widget/position/scroll.rs

@@ -12,12 +12,11 @@ pub struct Scroll {
 impl Widget for Scroll {
     fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
         let container_len = painter.px_len(self.axis);
-        // Measured in the whole viewport, then drawn at the scrolled offset.
+        // Asked in the whole viewport, then put at the scrolled offset.
-        let whole = UiRegion::FULL;
         let answer_len = painter
-            .widget_at(&self.inner, whole, [Place::Fill(Part::All); 2])
+            .widget_at(&self.inner, [None; 2], [Place::Fill(Part::All); 2])
             .len(self.axis);
-        let fixed = Len::from_parts(answer_len.rel, answer_len.px).to_px(container_len);
+        let fixed = painter.to_px(Len::from_parts(answer_len.rel, answer_len.px), self.axis);
         self.container_len = container_len;
         self.content_len = fixed.max(container_len);
 
@@ -59,11 +58,10 @@ impl Widget for Scroll {
         }
         // The viewport is the inner's frame, so a fraction it declares or
         // reports is a fraction of what is on screen rather than of the
-        // content box its own answer decided. Where it is drawn is the
+        // content box its own answer decided. Where it goes is the content
-        // content box, scrolled.
+        // box, scrolled: its drawing moved there, not made again there.
-        painter.widget_at(
+        painter.place_at(
             &self.inner,
-            whole,
             self.axis
                 .pair(Place::Fill(Part::From(content)), Place::Fill(Part::All)),
         );

src/widget/position/span.rs

@@ -25,19 +25,23 @@ impl Widget for Span {
         // A length for every child before their final slots are chosen. The
         // frame passes through unchanged, so `rel(0.5)` is half the area this
         // span was given whatever else is in it and wherever this child sits
-        // among them; what it is drawn in is the room left from the cursor,
+        // among them; what it is asked in is the room left from the cursor,
-        // because a text has to wrap at the width actually there.
+        // because a text has to wrap at the width actually there. This is
+        // the one ask a fixed child gets: its slot is its answer, and the
+        // drawing is moved there once the shares are known.
         let mut cursor = Len::rel_min();
-        let mut lens = Vec::with_capacity(self.children.len());
+        let mut sizes = Vec::with_capacity(self.children.len());
         for child in &self.children {
             let room = Place::Within(Part::From(along(cursor, far)));
-            let len = painter
+            let size = painter
-                .widget_at(child, UiRegion::FULL, axis.pair(room, across))
+                .widget_at(child, [None; 2], axis.pair(room, across))
-                .len(axis);
+                .size();
+            let len = size.axis(axis);
             cursor.px += len.px + self.gap;
             cursor.rel += len.rel;
-            lens.push(len);
+            sizes.push(size);
         }
+        let lens: Vec<LayoutLen> = sizes.iter().map(|size| size.axis(axis)).collect();
 
         let gaps = self
             .gap
@@ -64,12 +68,12 @@ impl Widget for Span {
         // exist at all turns on this.
         let mut shares = false;
         if total.leftover > Weight::ZERO {
-            shares = room.to_px(painter.frame_px_len(axis)) > Px::ZERO;
+            shares = painter.to_px(room, axis) > Px::ZERO;
             let holds = match shares {
                 true => Holds::from(Px::STEP..=Px::MAX),
                 false => Holds::from(Px::MIN..=Px::ZERO),
             };
-            painter.frame_holds(axis, holds.through(room));
+            painter.window_holds(axis, holds.through(room));
         }
 
         // Across itself a span is as long as its longest child -- unless a
@@ -88,7 +92,8 @@ impl Widget for Span {
         let mut taken = Weight::ZERO;
         let mut start = Len::rel_min();
         let mut ortho = LayoutLen::ZERO;
-        for (child, len) in self.children.iter().zip(&lens) {
+        for (child, size) in self.children.iter().zip(&sizes) {
+            let len = size.axis(axis);
             // A child asking for nothing but a part of what is left over,
             // when nothing is, is not drawn at all. One that also asked for
             // pixels or a fraction keeps those and overflows.
@@ -106,12 +111,26 @@ impl Widget for Span {
             fixed.rel += len.rel;
             start = shared(fixed, taken, total.leftover, room);
             // Along the row the span says where the child goes, and that slot
-            // is the drawing's box outright rather than something to place an
+            // is the child's box outright rather than something to place an
-            // answer inside again.
+            // answer inside again. A share is decided here and nowhere
-            let slot = Place::Fill(Part::From(along(from, start)));
+            // else: its slot narrows its frame, and the child is asked in
-            let placed = painter.widget_at(child, UiRegion::FULL, axis.pair(slot, across));
+            // it, since a text wraps at the width it is actually given. A
+            // fixed child's slot is its own answer, so its drawing is put
+            // there as it is.
+            let slot = along(from, start);
+            let place = axis.pair(Place::Fill(Part::From(slot)), across);
+            let used = match len.leftover > Weight::ZERO && shares {
+                true => {
+                    let mut narrow = [None; 2];
+                    narrow[axis as usize] = Some(slot.len());
+                    painter.widget_at(child, narrow, place).len(!axis)
+                }
+                false => {
+                    painter.place_at(child, place);
+                    size.axis(!axis)
+                }
+            };
             if shrinks {
-                let used = placed.len(!axis);
                 // Choosing between a fixed and a relative length from the
                 // span's own eventual width admits multiple fixed points.
                 // A scalable child therefore makes Children scalable too;

src/widget/position/stack.rs

@@ -23,19 +23,29 @@ impl Widget for Stack {
             Some((i, child)) => {
                 painter.child_layer_at(i);
                 painter
-                    .widget_at(child, UiRegion::FULL, [Place::Fill(Part::All); 2])
+                    .widget_at(child, [None; 2], [Place::Fill(Part::All); 2])
                     .size()
             }
             None => Size::LEFTOVER,
         };
+        // Every other child gets the box the sizing child decided: the
+        // stack is that length, so that is the box they are asked in, and a
+        // fraction under them is a fraction of it. A share leaves the axis
+        // to whoever gave the stack its box. Where a child sits in a box
+        // bigger than itself is its own business.
+        let place = [Axis::X, Axis::Y].map(|axis| {
+            let len = size.axis(axis);
+            match len.leftover == Weight::ZERO {
+                true => Place::Fill(Part::Sized(Len::from_parts(len.rel, len.px))),
+                false => Place::Within(Part::All),
+            }
+        });
         for (i, child) in self.children.iter().enumerate() {
             if sizing == Some(i) {
                 continue;
             }
             painter.child_layer_at(i);
-            // Every other child is drawn in the stack's own box, and where it
+            painter.widget_at(child, [None; 2], place);
-            // sits in one bigger than itself is its own business.
-            painter.widget(child);
         }
         size
     }

tests/cases/determinism.rs

@@ -24,15 +24,15 @@ impl Widget for BranchesOnMeasurement {
         let cut = Len::from_parts(Rel::ZERO, Px::from_int(40));
         let top = Place::Within(Part::From(UiSpan::new(Len::ZERO, cut)));
         let measured = painter
-            .widget_at(&self.probe, UiRegion::FULL, [Place::Within(Part::All), top])
+            .widget_at(&self.probe, [None; 2], [Place::Within(Part::All), top])
             .len(Axis::X);
-        let px = measured.apply_leftover().to_px(painter.px_len(Axis::X));
+        let px = painter.to_px(measured.apply_leftover(), Axis::X);
 
         let below = Place::Within(Part::From(UiSpan::new(cut, painter.extent_len(Axis::Y))));
         let place = [Place::Within(Part::All), below];
         match px > Px::from_f32(self.threshold) {
-            true => painter.widget_at(&self.wide, UiRegion::FULL, place),
+            true => painter.widget_at(&self.wide, [None; 2], place),
-            false => painter.widget_at(&self.narrow, UiRegion::FULL, place),
+            false => painter.widget_at(&self.narrow, [None; 2], place),
         };
         Size::LEFTOVER
     }

tests/cases/layout.rs

@@ -83,10 +83,8 @@ fn a_text_in_a_span_wraps_at_the_room_left_rather_than_the_whole_row() {
     assert!(crowded > whole_row, "{crowded} against {whole_row}");
 }
 
-/// The same reading through a pad: padding goes around what it pads and
+/// Padding is an inset: it narrows the frame a fraction resolves against and
-/// does not narrow what a fraction under it is a fraction of, so half of the
+/// adds itself back to the padded widget's reported length.
-/// window plus the padding is what the pad takes and where the next child
-/// starts.
 #[test]
 fn a_pad_puts_its_padding_around_a_fraction_of_the_whole_box() {
     let mut h = Harness::new((400, 100));
@@ -97,9 +95,83 @@ fn a_pad_puts_its_padding_around_a_fraction_of_the_whole_box() {
     // placed inside it by its own alignment, which is not what is under test.
     h.set_root((padded, tail).span(Dir::RIGHT).width(rel(1.0)));
 
-    assert_corners!(h, inner, (10, 10), (210, 90));
+    assert_corners!(h, inner, (10, 10), (200, 90));
-    assert_corners!(h, padded, (0, 0), (220, 100));
+    assert_corners!(h, padded, (0, 0), (210, 100));
-    assert_corners!(h, tail, (220, 0), (320, 100));
+    assert_corners!(h, tail, (210, 0), (310, 100));
+}
+
+const PARAGRAPH: &str = "Wrapping shapes one source into as many lines as the box \
+    leaves room for, so a paragraph's height is an answer and not a setting.";
+
+/// The worked example of what padding insets: in a 900 px row after a 24 px
+/// icon, a `rel(1.0)` inside `pad(16)` is 900 - 32 and overflows the row by
+/// the icon's width, while a wrapping text beside it is asked in the room
+/// left, 900 - 24 - 32, and wraps there.
+#[test]
+fn padding_keeps_the_frame_distinct_from_the_room_left_in_a_row() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((900, 200));
+    let icon = rect(Color::RED).width(24).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let fill = rect(Color::GREEN).width(rel(1.0)).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let padded = fill.pad(16).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root((icon, padded).span(Dir::RIGHT).width(rel(1.0)));
+    let fill_width = h.region(&fill).unwrap().size().x;
+    assert_eq!(fill_width, Px::from_int(868));
+
+    let mut h = Harness::new((900, 200));
+    let icon = rect(Color::RED).width(24).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let text = wtext(PARAGRAPH).size(16).wrap(true).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let padded = text.pad(16).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root((icon, padded).span(Dir::RIGHT).width(rel(1.0)));
+    let active = &h.render.active[&text.id()];
+    let window = h.render.output_size().x;
+    let asked = active.offer_part.x.len().to_px(window);
+    assert_eq!(active.frame.x.to_px(window), Px::from_int(868));
+    assert_eq!(asked, Px::from_int(844));
+}
+
+/// The other way round: a share inside padding. A slot is a length of the
+/// row, which is already the padded width, so what the span decided reaches
+/// the child as it stands -- taking the padding off a second time would make
+/// `rel(1.0)` in the slot shorter than the slot.
+#[test]
+fn a_share_inside_padding_fills_the_slot_it_was_given() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((900, 200));
+    let fill = rect(Color::GREEN).width(rel(1.0)).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let first = Span {
+        children: vec![fill.add_strong(&mut h.rsc)],
+        dir: Dir::RIGHT,
+        gap: Px::ZERO,
+    }
+    .width(leftover(1))
+    .add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let second = rect(Color::BLUE).width(leftover(1)).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let row = (first, second).span(Dir::RIGHT).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root(row.pad(16));
+
+    assert_eq!(h.region(&first).unwrap().size().x, Px::from_int(434));
+    assert_eq!(h.region(&fill).unwrap().size().x, Px::from_int(434));
+}
+
+/// The same padding in a share instead: the slot is 450, so both the
+/// fraction and the wrap are the slot less the padding, and the two agree.
+#[test]
+fn padding_narrows_both_frame_and_box_inside_a_share() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((900, 200));
+    let fill = rect(Color::GREEN).width(rel(1.0)).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let padded = fill.pad(16).width(leftover(1)).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let other = rect(Color::BLUE).width(leftover(1)).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root((padded, other).span(Dir::RIGHT).width(rel(1.0)));
+    assert_eq!(h.region(&fill).unwrap().size().x, Px::from_int(418));
+
+    let mut h = Harness::new((900, 200));
+    let text = wtext(PARAGRAPH).size(16).wrap(true).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let padded = text.pad(16).width(leftover(1)).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let other = rect(Color::BLUE).width(leftover(1)).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root((padded, other).span(Dir::RIGHT).width(rel(1.0)));
+    let active = &h.render.active[&text.id()];
+    let window = h.render.output_size().x;
+    assert_eq!(active.frame.x.to_px(window), Px::from_int(418));
+    assert_eq!(active.offer_part.x.len().to_px(window), Px::from_int(418));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -428,8 +500,7 @@ fn a_row_of_equal_shares_fills_it_exactly() {
 /// a step of. Kept in step with `snap_floor` in `prelude.wgsl`.
 fn drawn_edges(h: &Harness, id: WidgetId, axis: Axis) -> (f32, f32) {
     let active = &h.render.active[&id];
-    let drawn = active.extent.within(&active.frame_abs);
+    let region = h.render.moves.resolve(active.move_idx, active.extent);
-    let region = h.render.moves.resolve(active.parent_move, drawn);
     let dim = h.size().axis(axis);
     let snap = |v: f32| (v + Px::STEP.to_f32() * 0.5).floor();
     let edge = |s: Len| snap(s.rel.to_f32() * dim + s.px.to_f32());
@@ -740,3 +811,13 @@ fn a_fixed_child_is_centered_in_its_wrappers_share() {
     assert_corners!(h, wrapper, (200, 0), (900, 400));
     assert_corners!(h, leaf, (500, 150), (600, 250));
 }
+
+/// The root's frame is the window and its rule is a fraction of that, which
+/// is one resolution and not two: nothing above it narrowed anything.
+#[test]
+fn a_root_with_a_fraction_rule_is_that_fraction_of_the_window() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((900, 200));
+    let root = rect(Color::RED).width(rel(0.5)).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root(root);
+    assert_eq!(h.region(&root).unwrap().size().x, Px::from_int(450));
+}

tests/cases/retained.rs

@@ -156,9 +156,9 @@ fn a_span_child_that_declares_its_length_is_drawn_once() {
     h.set_root((hinted, asked).span(Dir::RIGHT));
 
     assert_eq!(told_draws.get(), 1);
-    // Only the available length changes: positioning the final slot does
+    // Asked once, from the cursor; its slot is its answer and the drawing is
-    // not invalidate a numeric size read.
+    // moved there.
-    assert_eq!(asked_draws.get(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(asked_draws.get(), 1);
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ impl Widget for FromHint {
         let top = UiSpan::new(Len::ZERO, Len::from_parts(Rel::ZERO, len.px));
         painter.widget_at(
             &self.inner,
-            UiRegion::FULL,
+            [None; 2],
             [Place::Within(Part::All), Place::Within(Part::From(top))],
         );
         Size::LEFTOVER
@@ -255,10 +255,9 @@ impl Widget for ReadsBox {
 /// Reads its box across one axis only, so its drawing holds for a taller
 /// box on its own and only a wider one is worth a draw.
 ///
-/// Both of these report a quarter of what they read, without saying that the
+/// Both of these report a quarter of what they read. The quarter-sized box
-/// drawing holds there too, so each length they are asked at costs two draws:
+/// the answer places them in is not a question: the drawing is moved there,
-/// one to answer, and one in the quarter-sized box that answer places them
+/// so each length they are asked at costs one draw.
-/// in. The counts below are in those pairs.
 struct ReadsWidth {
     draws: Rc<Cell<usize>>,
 }
@@ -384,7 +383,7 @@ fn a_resize_redraws_what_read_its_box() {
     h.resize((800, 100));
     h.frame();
 
-    assert_eq!(draws.get(), settled + 2);
+    assert_eq!(draws.get(), settled + 1);
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -404,7 +403,7 @@ fn a_resize_only_redraws_read_axes() {
 
     h.resize((800, 300));
     h.frame();
-    assert_eq!(draws.get(), settled + 2, "width changes its answer");
+    assert_eq!(draws.get(), settled + 1, "width changes its answer");
 }
 
 /// A window is measured onto the grid like everything else, so a resize too
@@ -431,7 +430,7 @@ fn a_resize_within_one_step_is_not_a_resize() {
 
     h.resize((400.0 + step, 200.0));
     h.frame();
-    assert_eq!(draws.get(), settled + 2);
+    assert_eq!(draws.get(), settled + 1);
 }
 
 /// The same for a box that changes because a sibling did: what is compared
@@ -878,7 +877,7 @@ fn resizing_a_fixed_frame_recomposes_its_contents_without_drawing_them() {
         fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
             painter.widget_at(
                 &self.child,
-                UiRegion::FULL,
+                [None; 2],
                 [
                     Place::Within(Part::From(self.region.x)),
                     Place::Within(Part::From(self.region.y)),
@@ -967,7 +966,7 @@ fn glyph_origins_compose_identically_when_drawn_and_when_retained() {
         fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
             painter.widget_at(
                 &self.child,
-                self.region,
+                [Some(self.region.x.len()), None],
                 [
                     Place::Fill(Part::From(self.extent.x)),
                     Place::Fill(Part::From(self.extent.y)),
@@ -1137,7 +1136,7 @@ fn padding_and_stack_boxes_follow_the_extent_without_drawing_again() {
         fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
             painter.widget_at(
                 &self.child,
-                UiRegion::FULL,
+                [None; 2],
                 [
                     Place::Fill(Part::From(self.extent.x)),
                     Place::Fill(Part::From(self.extent.y)),
@@ -1225,7 +1224,7 @@ fn moving_an_extent_child_preserves_the_slot_chosen_from_its_measurement() {
         fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
             painter.widget_at(
                 &self.child,
-                UiRegion::FULL,
+                [None; 2],
                 [
                     Place::Fill(Part::From(UiSpan::new(
                         Len::px(self.start),
@@ -1267,7 +1266,7 @@ fn extent_frames_keep_fractional_reports_and_numeric_dependencies_valid() {
             painter
                 .widget_at(
                     &self.child,
-                    UiRegion::FULL,
+                    [None; 2],
                     [
                         Place::Within(Part::From(self.region.x)),
                         Place::Within(Part::From(self.region.y)),
@@ -1287,7 +1286,7 @@ fn extent_frames_keep_fractional_reports_and_numeric_dependencies_valid() {
                 painter
                     .widget_at(
                         &self.child,
-                        UiRegion::FULL,
+                        [None; 2],
                         [
                             Place::Fill(Part::From(self.extent.x)),
                             Place::Fill(Part::From(self.extent.y)),

tests/cases/unsettled.rs

@@ -733,6 +733,51 @@ fn a_widget_under_a_region_node_is_asked_in_the_box_that_node_was_offered() {
 const PARAGRAPH: &str = "Wrapping shapes one source into as many lines as the \
     box leaves room for, so a paragraph's height is an answer and not a setting.";
 
+fn plant_stack_resized_from_free(h: &mut Harness, fixed: bool) -> (Vec<WidgetId>, WidgetId) {
+    let sizing = rect(Color::CYAN.alpha(126)).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.rsc.widgets_mut().set_size_rules(sizing.id(), None, None);
+    if fixed {
+        h.rsc.widgets_mut().set_size_rules(
+            sizing.id(),
+            Some(LayoutLen::px(112)),
+            Some(LayoutLen::px(101)),
+        );
+    }
+    let text = wtext(PARAGRAPH).size(16).wrap(true).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let pad = Pad {
+        padding: Padding::ZERO,
+        inner: text.add_strong(&mut h.rsc),
+    }
+    .add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let stack = Stack {
+        children: vec![sizing.add_strong(&mut h.rsc), pad.add_strong(&mut h.rsc)],
+        size: StackSize::Child(0),
+    }
+    .add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root(stack);
+    (
+        vec![sizing.id(), text.id(), pad.id(), stack.id()],
+        sizing.id(),
+    )
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn fixing_a_stacks_sizing_child_repositions_its_overlay() {
+    let mut warm = Harness::new((900, 1200));
+    let (ids, sizing) = plant_stack_resized_from_free(&mut warm, false);
+    warm.frame();
+    warm.rsc.widgets_mut().set_size_rules(
+        sizing,
+        Some(LayoutLen::px(112)),
+        Some(LayoutLen::px(101)),
+    );
+    warm.frame();
+
+    let mut cold = Harness::new((900, 1200));
+    let (cold_ids, _) = plant_stack_resized_from_free(&mut cold, true);
+    assert_same_regions(&warm, &ids, &cold, &cold_ids);
+}
+
 /// Eight widgets, shrunk from a 118-widget tree (seed 1121, depth 4,
 /// `shuffle-swap-for-three`). The stack takes its size from the span above,
 /// the span takes its width from the longest line of the texts in it, and
@@ -846,3 +891,179 @@ fn adding_text_to_a_reverse_row_keeps_its_shared_height() {
     let (_, other, _) = build(&mut cold, true);
     assert_eq!(warm.region(&shared), cold.region(&other));
 }
+
+/// Nine widgets, shrunk from seed 946 at depth 6. The column is a share of
+/// the row while its rect has room to draw and a fixed width once it has
+/// not, so the row asks it twice: in the room, where it answers a share,
+/// and in its slot, where it answers its text's width. Emptying the column
+/// changes only the first answer. A local redraw that asked only the second
+/// question kept the row as it was; the column has to defer to the row.
+fn plant_column_that_is_a_share_only_while_its_rect_fits(
+    h: &mut Harness,
+    emptied: bool,
+) -> (Vec<WidgetId>, WeakWidget<Span>, Vec<StrongWidget>) {
+    let first = wtext(PARAGRAPH).size(16).wrap(true).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let filler = rect(Color::CYAN.alpha(126)).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let second = wtext(PARAGRAPH).size(16).wrap(true).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let mut spare: Vec<StrongWidget> =
+        vec![filler.add_strong(&mut h.rsc), second.add_strong(&mut h.rsc)];
+    let mut children: Vec<StrongWidget> = vec![first.add_strong(&mut h.rsc)];
+    if !emptied {
+        children.append(&mut spare);
+    }
+    let column = Span {
+        children,
+        dir: Dir::DOWN,
+        gap: Px::ZERO,
+    }
+    .height(159)
+    .add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let left = rect(Color::MAGENTA.alpha(189)).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let right = rect(Color::BLUE.alpha(0)).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let row = Span {
+        children: vec![
+            left.add_strong(&mut h.rsc),
+            column.add_strong(&mut h.rsc),
+            right.add_strong(&mut h.rsc),
+        ],
+        dir: Dir::RIGHT,
+        gap: Px::ZERO,
+    }
+    .add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let end = rect(Color::MAGENTA.alpha(189)).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let root = Span {
+        children: vec![end.add_strong(&mut h.rsc), row.add_strong(&mut h.rsc)],
+        dir: Dir::LEFT,
+        gap: Px::ZERO,
+    }
+    .add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root(root);
+    (
+        vec![
+            first.id(),
+            filler.id(),
+            second.id(),
+            column.id(),
+            left.id(),
+            right.id(),
+            row.id(),
+            end.id(),
+            root.id(),
+        ],
+        column,
+        spare,
+    )
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn emptying_a_column_the_row_asked_twice_asks_the_row_again() {
+    let mut warm = Harness::new((900, 1200));
+    let (ids, column, _spare) =
+        plant_column_that_is_a_share_only_while_its_rect_fits(&mut warm, false);
+    warm.frame();
+    // Kept alive: dropping the last share of a widget frees its id.
+    let _removed: Vec<StrongWidget> = warm.rsc[column].children.drain(1..).collect();
+    warm.frame();
+
+    let mut cold = Harness::new((900, 1200));
+    let (cold_ids, _, _spare) =
+        plant_column_that_is_a_share_only_while_its_rect_fits(&mut cold, true);
+    cold.frame();
+
+    assert_same_regions(&warm, &ids, &cold, &cold_ids);
+}
+
+/// Six widgets, shrunk from seed 59 at depth 5 (`resize-size`). The column
+/// divides the box it is given between two shares, so its drawing holds for
+/// that box's length alone, and the pads above it pass that dependency up:
+/// each one's box is a part of the box it was asked in. Padding narrowing
+/// the frame it hands down does not change that, and while it was taken to,
+/// changing the rule over the pads relocated the column's drawing into the
+/// new box instead of dividing it again.
+fn plant_two_shares_under_two_pads(h: &mut Harness, height: f32) -> Vec<WidgetId> {
+    let top = rect(Color::CYAN.alpha(126)).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let bottom = rect(Color::RED).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let column = (top, bottom).span(Dir::DOWN).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let inner = Pad {
+        padding: Padding::ZERO,
+        inner: column.add_strong(&mut h.rsc),
+    }
+    .add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let outer = Pad {
+        padding: Padding::ZERO,
+        inner: inner.add_strong(&mut h.rsc),
+    }
+    .height(height)
+    .add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let beside = rect(Color::BLUE).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root((outer, beside).span(Dir::RIGHT));
+    vec![
+        top.id(),
+        bottom.id(),
+        column.id(),
+        inner.id(),
+        outer.id(),
+        beside.id(),
+    ]
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn changing_a_rule_over_two_pads_divides_the_column_again() {
+    let mut warm = Harness::new((900, 1200));
+    let ids = plant_two_shares_under_two_pads(&mut warm, 88.0);
+    warm.frame();
+    warm.rsc
+        .widgets_mut()
+        .set_size_rules(ids[4], None, Some(LayoutLen::px(105)));
+    warm.frame();
+
+    let mut cold = Harness::new((900, 1200));
+    let cold_ids = plant_two_shares_under_two_pads(&mut cold, 105.0);
+    cold.frame();
+
+    assert_same_regions(&warm, &ids, &cold, &cold_ids);
+}
+
+/// Six widgets, shrunk from seed 942 at depth 6 (`resize`). A `Branch` asks
+/// its probe in the top 40 px of its box and forwards the frame, so the
+/// scroll's own box is 40 px tall whatever the window is -- but its content
+/// is as tall as the frame, which is the window, and a scroll kept to its
+/// end has to be told when that changes. Resolving a length against the
+/// window is what reads it, so that is where the dependency is taken.
+fn plant_a_window_tall_column_in_a_short_scroll(h: &mut Harness) -> Vec<WidgetId> {
+    let leaf = rect(Color::RED).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let column = Span {
+        children: vec![leaf.add_strong(&mut h.rsc)],
+        dir: Dir::RIGHT,
+        gap: Px::ZERO,
+    }
+    .height(rel(1.0))
+    .add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let scroll = Scroll::new(column.add_strong(&mut h.rsc), Axis::Y).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let wide = rect(Color::BLUE).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let narrow = rect(Color::GREEN).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let root = Branch {
+        probe: scroll.add_strong(&mut h.rsc),
+        wide: wide.add_strong(&mut h.rsc),
+        narrow: narrow.add_strong(&mut h.rsc),
+        threshold: 55.0,
+    }
+    .add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root(root);
+    vec![leaf.id(), column.id(), scroll.id(), root.id()]
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn resizing_under_a_short_scroll_snaps_its_window_tall_content_again() {
+    let mut warm = Harness::new((1920, 1200));
+    let ids = plant_a_window_tall_column_in_a_short_scroll(&mut warm);
+    warm.frame();
+    warm.resize((640, 900));
+    warm.frame();
+
+    let mut cold = Harness::new((640, 900));
+    let cold_ids = plant_a_window_tall_column_in_a_short_scroll(&mut cold);
+    cold.frame();
+
+    assert_same_regions(&warm, &ids, &cold, &cold_ids);
+}

tests/scenario/mod.rs

@@ -103,6 +103,11 @@ pub enum Case {
     /// A resize and then a size change, so a retained answer is asked to
     /// survive two different kinds of invalidation in a row.
     ResizeSize,
+    /// A size change and then a resize, which is the other order and not the
+    /// same test: a length answered as a fraction of one box and kept as a
+    /// fraction of another agrees at the size it was changed at and parts
+    /// from it at every other one.
+    SizeResize,
     /// A few declared sizes.
     Size,
     /// Every declared size at once, so every reader of a size has a changed
@@ -119,12 +124,13 @@ pub enum Case {
     Shuffle(Shuffle),
 }
 
-pub const ALL: [Case; 15] = [
+pub const ALL: [Case; 16] = [
     Case::Repaint,
     Case::RepaintSome,
     Case::Resize,
     Case::ResizeRepaint,
     Case::ResizeSize,
+    Case::SizeResize,
     Case::Size,
     Case::EverySize,
     Case::Align,
@@ -146,6 +152,7 @@ impl Case {
             Self::Resize => "resize",
             Self::ResizeRepaint => "resize-repaint",
             Self::ResizeSize => "resize-size",
+            Self::SizeResize => "size-resize",
             Self::Size => "size",
             Self::EverySize => "every-size",
             Self::Align => "align",
@@ -170,6 +177,15 @@ impl Case {
             _ => (STILL, STILL),
         }
     }
+
+    /// The window the warm tree is taken to after the change, where the case
+    /// is about what the change left behind rather than about the change.
+    fn then_resize(self) -> Option<(f32, f32)> {
+        match self {
+            Self::SizeResize => Some(INNER),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 fn mark(warm: &mut Harness, tree: &Tree, step: usize) {
@@ -284,7 +300,7 @@ fn change(case: Case, warm: &mut Harness, tree: &mut Tree, plan: &Plan, rng: &mu
             warm.frame();
             return out;
         }
-        Case::Size | Case::ResizeSize => Edits {
+        Case::Size | Case::ResizeSize | Case::SizeResize => Edits {
             sizes: some_sizes(warm, tree, rng),
             ..Default::default()
         },
@@ -384,6 +400,17 @@ fn describe_widget(id: WidgetId, h: &Harness) -> String {
     label
 }
 
+/// One widget's layout as it stands: the frame its fractions resolved
+/// against, the box it was asked in, the box its drawing went in, and what
+/// it reported. In window units, which is what both trees are in.
+fn record(id: WidgetId, h: &Harness) -> String {
+    let active = &h.render.active[&id];
+    format!(
+        "frame {} ask {} box {} size {}",
+        active.frame, active.offer_part, active.extent, active.size,
+    )
+}
+
 /// Runs `case` on the tree `plan` describes, warm and cold, and says where
 /// the two disagree. `seed` chooses only the values a case picks at random,
 /// so one plan under one case is one comparison however it was reached.
@@ -400,12 +427,29 @@ pub fn diverges(plan: &Plan, case: Case, seed: u64) -> Option<String> {
         warm.frame();
     }
     let cold_plan = change(case, &mut warm, &mut tree, plan, &mut Rng::new(seed));
+    // Whatever the change left, seen at another window: an answer kept as a
+    // fraction of the wrong length is the same number of pixels where it was
+    // made and a different one everywhere else.
+    let end = match case.then_resize() {
+        Some(after) => {
+            warm.resize(after);
+            warm.frame();
+            after
+        }
+        None => end,
+    };
 
     let mut cold = Harness::new(end);
     let (root, cold_tree) = build(&mut cold.rsc, &cold_plan);
     cold.state.root = Some(root);
     cold.frame();
 
+    let places: HashMap<WidgetId, usize> = tree
+        .ids
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .map(|(i, &id)| (id, i))
+        .collect();
     let mut drawn = 0;
     for (i, (&w, &c)) in tree.ids.iter().zip(&cold_tree.ids).enumerate() {
         let (got, want) = (warm.region(&w), cold.region(&c));
@@ -416,6 +460,7 @@ pub fn diverges(plan: &Plan, case: Case, seed: u64) -> Option<String> {
         // Where two trees disagree is rarely where the cause is, so the
         // ancestry comes with it, marking the widgets that own a region.
         let mut chain = Vec::new();
+        let mut records = Vec::new();
         let mut at = Some(w);
         while let Some(id) = at {
             let active = &warm.render.active[&id];
@@ -424,11 +469,22 @@ pub fn diverges(plan: &Plan, case: Case, seed: u64) -> Option<String> {
                 false => "*",
             };
             chain.push(format!("{}{node}", describe(id, &warm)));
+            // What each level was asked in on both sides, since the level
+            // where the two stop agreeing is the one to look at rather than
+            // the leaf that reported the difference.
+            let cold_id = places.get(&id).and_then(|&i| cold_tree.ids.get(i));
+            records.push(format!(
+                "    {}\n      warm {}\n      cold {}",
+                describe(id, &warm),
+                record(id, &warm),
+                cold_id.map_or("-".into(), |&id| record(id, &cold)),
+            ));
             at = active.parent;
         }
         return Some(format!(
-            "widget {i}\n  warm {got:?}\n  cold {want:?}\n  {}",
+            "widget {i}\n  warm {got:?}\n  cold {want:?}\n  {}\n{}",
-            chain.join(" < ")
+            chain.join(" < "),
+            records.join("\n"),
         ));
     }
     match drawn {

tests/shrink.rs

@@ -70,10 +70,14 @@ fn no_grown_tree_lays_out_differently_warm_than_cold() {
     over_seeds(seeds, |seed| {
         let grown = plan(seed, depth, &Edits::default());
         for &case in &cases {
-            let Some(how) = diverges(&grown, case, seed) else {
+            if diverges(&grown, case, seed).is_none() {
                 continue;
-            };
+            }
             let small = shrink(grown.clone(), case, seed);
+            // Described from the shrunk tree: the grown tree's chain names
+            // widgets that are no longer there, and the ancestry of the
+            // failure is what a test is written from.
+            let how = diverges(&small, case, seed).unwrap_or_default();
             println!(
                 "seed {seed} case {}: {how}\ngrown {} widgets, shrank to {}\n{small:#?}",
                 case.name(),