Four rounds over the same idea: an expression that needed a comment to say
what it computed wanted to be a named operation.
The placement description is built by chaining off the value that says it.
`UiSpan::within_desc`/`shifted_desc` and `Len::as_desc` replace the
`PlaceDescAxis::` constructors, `PlaceDescAxis::axis` lifts one axis into a
pair with the whole box across it, and `PlaceDesc::per_axis` covers the case
where the two axes differ. `beside` is dropped: `from_axis` already said it.
Seven module-level functions become methods on the value each took first --
`Widgets::declared_lens`, `LayoutLen::fills`, `PlaceDesc::placement` and
`::rel_base_and_region`, `Size::within_box`, `UiRegion::at_origin` and
`::as_translation`.
`UiSpan::place` is the aligned-placement rule, which was written out three
times; `LayoutLen::without_leftover` is the sibling `apply_leftover` never
had, at six sites; `is_px` and `is_only_leftover` name field comparisons the
surrounding comments had to translate; `Holds::covers` was interval
containment spelled out by hand. A span's `shared` loses the two arguments
that did not vary across its loop.
`LayoutHolds` was four two-element arrays where every other pair here is a
struct of two per-axis values, so nothing it did could be written once.
It becomes `AxisHolds` on `x` and `y`, and `and`, `covers` and `contains`
lose their loops.
Every pair gets `Index<Axis>`/`IndexMut<Axis>` through one macro, and the
eighteen `axis`/`axis_mut` methods go. `const_index` keeps the accessors
usable in const context.
Cold layout is unchanged: `layout_dump` over 400 depth-5 trees is identical
to 58ce74d byte for byte, across all 34,492 boxes.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A box in pixels was composed back up the move chain, on a grid fine enough
that the walk rounded once, while a widget's offer was threaded down through
its ancestors' offers. Two routes to one length, which is what
`Holds::through` allowed for -- and the offer's route broke at a region node.
`offered_region` fell back to `UiRegion::FULL` there, and `redraw` resolved
that against the node's slot entry, which holds the box its parent *placed*
the node in. Under a `Scroll` that is as long as the content rather than the
viewport, so everything below was re-asked at a width its own answer had
produced and the old answer confirmed itself: shrinker seed 220 on `reorder`
left a widget 290px out.
`ActiveData` now keeps a widget's box as lengths of its parent's box --
`given_len`, and `offer_len` for the box it was first asked about -- and
`DrawInfo` carries the pixel lengths, threaded down one `Len::to_px` at a
time: the box its parent gave it, then the part of that box its own answer
placed the drawing in, which `placed_lens` states once for both `placed_box`
and the walk. `Painter::px_size` and `px_len` read that value, and
`UiRenderState::asked_px` takes the same steps back up the parent chain where
a local redraw starts part-way down the tree. Neither chain has a coordinate
frame in it, so neither can break at a region node, and warm and cold reach
every length by the same expression.
Three things follow. `Holds::through` is the exact preimage of
`px + floor(rel * box)` -- two divisions, no allowance, the whole of a box
mapping back to itself. A local redraw asks in the box its parent gave it and
only where that box is as long as the offer, which retires `redraw`'s third
ask and the region-node exception beside it; `draw_inner` places the answer
inside that box itself. And symbolic regions are left to the GPU, hit testing
and remaps, where `Moves::resolve` is the only walk: `wide.rs`,
`Moves::compose`, `Moves::size_of`, `px_of`, `px_region`, `offered_region`
and `slot_wide` are gone, 252 lines of `core/` net.
`px` is deliberately not stored beside those lengths. A resize every widget's
`Holds` admits redraws nothing, so a stored pixel length would be stale on
every widget in the tree with nothing on it to say so, and refreshing it costs
a walk down every reused subtree on the resize path.
Instructions:u, medians of 21 runs, seed 1 at depth 8:
| phase | before | after | |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| `cold`, 200 frames | 313.1M | 312.9M | -0.04% |
| `resize` | 408.1M | 405.6M | -0.61% |
| `many` | 1,924M | 1,756M | -8.75% |
| `scroll` | 357.3M | 323.4M | -9.49% |
| `repaint` | 363.3M | 315.4M | -13.18% |
`cold` and `resize` have all twenty-five work counters identical, so those
two rows say the draw path costs the same threaded as composed. The other
three do less work: `repaint` goes from 23 draw requests and 13 widget draws
a frame to 1 and 1, `scroll` from 20 and 11 to 8 and 2, `many` from 273 and
186 to 207 and 157. Primitive writes are unmoved in every phase.
Verified: `view`, `minimal`, `random`, `tabs` and `text` render
byte-identical at 1920x1200 against `5b78002`, as does the `tabs` touch
replay before and after the gesture, and a live resize of `random` to
1280x800 is identical both to the old head's and to a cold render at that
size. The oracle passes 100 seeds in release and 120 in debug -- the debug
run is the one that exercises the `Holds` assertion -- and the fifteen
shrinker cases pass at 400 seeds of depth 5 and 1000 of depth 6. Seed 220 is
`unsettled::a_widget_under_a_region_node_is_asked_in_the_box_that_node_was_offered`,
which needs both halves of this to fail: the old chain with the old allowance
passes it, and the old chain with the exact preimage does not.
`AGREE_STEPS` stays 2. One step passes the 100-seed oracle and fails the
400-seed shrinker on `resize-size` by 0.002 px, so what is left there is the
resize path re-expressing a part as a fraction of a box that changed length,
not a length reached two ways.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Bryan's call, 2026-09-16, for correctness. `Moves` walked the move chain in
`Len`, so every level's four multiplies landed back on the grid before the
next started and the residue grew with the depth of the tree. `WideLen`
carries a length through the walk on a grid twenty-four bits of a box and
twenty-two of a pixel finer, and rounds once at the end.
What it buys, measured rather than argued: `Holds::through`'s allowance for
the two routes to a length drops from three half steps to two, and the whole
of a box now maps back to a range one step wide rather than one step per
level of nesting. One half step further is arithmetically available -- the
`Holds` assertion is quiet there and the whole-box case becomes an exact
identity -- and it is **not taken**, because shrinker seed 220 then lays out
differently warm than cold. Too narrow is meant to cost a redraw and no more;
there it re-breaks a wrapping text, whose reported width moves a `Branch`
onto its other subtree. That is the unsettled-text family, and closing it is
what would let this go lower. The note is in `through`.
`Moves` now answers three questions instead of one, and they are different
questions: `size_of` for how long a box is, which is what reads a box in
pixels; `compose` for where both of its ends are, which is what compares two
boxes; and `resolve`, unchanged, for the `Len` walk the vertex shader does
again in floats. A length composes on its own in two multiplies a level
rather than four, since where the parent sits falls out of the difference --
which is most of why this is not slower.
Measured on the fixed-shape fixture, seed 1 depth 8, 500 frames of `many`,
medians of 25 runs with all twenty-five work counters identical between the
two: 1,880M instructions and 755M cycles against 1,908M and 760M. So it is
free, and a little better on instructions. Three things were tried on the way
and two kept: composing the length alone rather than both ends (-111M
instructions), taking the pixel term's fraction on the ordinary grid so it
stays in an `i64` (-2M instructions, -8M cycles), and skipping a parent that
spans its own box, which **cost** 18M instructions and is not here -- the
same verdict a short-circuit got in `UiSpan::within`.
Checked: fmt, clippy, 83 suite tests, 17 core unit tests, the release oracle
at 100 seeds and at 1000 seeds of depth 6, all fifteen shrinker cases at 400
seeds of depth 5, and `tabs`, `view`, `minimal`, `text` and `random`
byte-identical at 1920x1200 against `d21a215`.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
`Holds::through`'s allowance for the two routes to a length was four half
steps either side, from a derivation that said each rounding now drops a
whole step where it used to drop half of one. That overshot: three is the
floor, two fires the `Holds` assertion in `draw_at` on eleven generated
cases, and four was never measured as necessary. Tightening both ends did
not move one of the rig's twenty-five work counters, so the extra half step
was not buying any reuse either.
It cannot go to zero. The range has to contain the box a drawing was made
in, which the assertion checks, and it must not contain a box the drawing
does not hold for, which the warm-against-cold oracle checks -- and those
two only coincide where a length reached two ways is the same number. It is
not, yet; composing in `i64` and narrowing once is the queued change that
would make it so, and shrinking this allowance is how to tell whether that
worked.
Checked: fmt, clippy, 81 suite tests, 17 core unit tests, the release oracle
at 100 seeds and at 1000 seeds of depth 6, all fifteen shrinker cases at 400
seeds of depth 5, and `tabs`, `view`, `minimal`, `text`, `random` and the tab
replay byte-identical at 1920x1200 against `2bc6bdf`.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Bryan's call, 2026-09-16, taken for the cycles: a share now lands a
thousandth of a pixel short of its row instead of on it, which is less than
an even number of pixels draws.
`Fixed::mul` is a widening multiply and a shift, with the sign branch and the
half-step add gone. The two short-circuits priced against the old multiply go
with it: `UiSpan::within`'s test for a span that is the whole of its parent,
and `Fixed::scaled`'s test for nothing scaled by something, which was the
whole of `scaled` -- both cases come out of the truncating multiply unchanged,
and the bodies the comparisons cost were what kept the inliner from taking
`within` at all. `nm` is the check: `<UiSpan>::within` is a symbol in the
rounding head and in neither the float head nor this one.
`Holds::through` inverts the multiply, so its widening is re-derived: each
rounding now drops a whole step where it dropped half of one, which doubles
the allowance for the two routes to a length, and the multiply on the way in
drops only downward, so its own step goes at the top of the range alone. The
derived allowance for one truncation either side is measurably too narrow --
it excludes boxes drawings were made in, in eleven generated cases -- because
each route is a chain of multiplies rather than one.
Measured on the fixed-shape fixture (`Edits::fixed_branches`), seed 1 depth 8,
500 frames of `many`, medians of 25 runs of uninstrumented release binaries
with this VM's garbage `perf` readings dropped:
| | instructions | cycles | IPC |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| `5ed9e87`, the float head | 1,761M | 688M | 2.561 |
| `60367d8`, rounding | 1,915M | 777M | 2.465 |
| this | 1,800M | 715M | 2.516 |
-6.0% instructions and -8.0% cycles against `60367d8`, whose twenty-five work
counters are identical to this one's, so that pair is the same work at a
different speed. It leaves +2.2% and +3.9% against the float head, from
+8.7% and +12.9% -- but the float head draws 100 widgets to this one's 97 and
writes 4,272 primitives to 3,951, so that pair is not, and the remainder is
not all arithmetic.
Checked: fmt, clippy, 80 suite tests and 18 core unit tests, the release
oracle at 100 seeds, all fifteen shrinker cases at 400 seeds of depth 5 (seed
288 on `region-node` still failing, unchanged), and depth-6 oracle seeds 18
and 190 passing with 326 still failing. `view`, `minimal`, `text`, `random`
and the tab replay render byte-identical at 1920x1200; `tabs` differs on
4,664 of 2,304,000 pixels, single-pixel-wide runs along 80 columns of one
band of rounded rects, which is an antialiased edge moved less than a pixel.
Three tests say what changed rather than being relaxed: a multiply drops on
both sides of zero, a division cannot put back what it dropped, and an
unevenly nested row's shares stay contiguous and end at its edge with each
edge on the even division or one step below.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
`Holds::through` inverts `px + rel * box`, and allowed three half steps
either side: one for that multiply's rounding and two for the difference
between a length composed down the chain and the same length measured
against the window. The whole of a box has no multiply in it -- `rel` is one
and taking the pixels off again is exact -- so the first half step was being
allowed for a rounding that did not happen, and it compounded: a chain of
widgets each taking the whole of its parent grew the interval half a step a
level. Traced while making the multiply truncate, where the same compounding
moved the interval off the box the drawing was made in and fired the
`Holds` assertion in eleven generated cases.
A range wider than what a drawing holds for is one that admits reusing it
where it does not hold, so this is the unsound direction to be loose in.
Checked: fmt, clippy, 80 suite tests and 16 core unit tests, the release
oracle at 100 seeds, all fifteen shrinker cases at 400 seeds of depth 5
(seed 288 on `region-node` still failing and unchanged by this), and `tabs`,
`view`, `minimal`, `text`, `random` plus the tab replay byte-identical at
1920x1200.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
`UiScalar` was `Len` without the `leftover` weight, which is the separation
canonical `main` already had as `Len` beside `LayoutLen` and this branch
collapsed. It is needed back for the queued clamp: a cap may not contain a
share, because a cap has to read the report a rule otherwise makes moot, and
a share puts the container's division into the same equation -- two
self-consistent assignments, which is the multiple-fixed-point failure
generated seed 13 punished for orthogonal sizing. `min(report, cap)` is not
a `LayoutLen` either: it is a sum of parts, and the smaller of two of them
is not one.
So `UiScalar` is `Len`, what was `Len` is `LayoutLen`, and the two say in
their docs which is which: a `Len` is pixels plus a fraction of a box -- a
position being the length from the box's start, which is why a span is two
of them -- and a `LayoutLen` is a `Len` plus a claim only a container
dividing its room can answer. `From<Len> for LayoutLen` is the one-way step
between them.
Names only; the shader's `UiScalar` is renamed with them. Checked: fmt,
clippy, 105 tests, and `tabs`, `minimal`, `view`, `text` and `random`
byte-identical at 1920x1200.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Which end of the answer each bound comes from is known from the sign of the
fraction before dividing; taking the min and max of four divisions asked the
question twice. A division is the most expensive thing in that function and
it runs per child per axis.
`many` 0.283 ms a frame to 0.278. Small, and strictly less work.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
`Px` and `PxVec2` reach the last places a pixel was a float: the window, the
box a widget reads, the box it is compared against, and `PixelRegion`. A
pointer, a wheel notch and a shaped glyph advance still arrive as floats,
and each is put on the grid where it arrives.
`Holds` is an interval of `Px`. `HOLDS_EPSILON_PX` is gone with the
`exact`/tolerant split it existed for: `at` is the length a widget read, an
open end is the next step along, and `same_px` is equality. `Span`'s margin
from `5ed9e87` goes too -- the box a parent hands back and the sum of what
its children asked for are counts of the same step, so the boundary decides
the same way from either side.
Three things had to be true for that, and were not:
`Holds::through` inverts `px + rel * box`, which rounds -- so a part of a
given length came from a range of boxes, and inverting the length alone gave
a point that need not contain the box the part was drawn in. It now maps the
half step either side, and one more for a length composed down the chain
against the same length measured against the window.
`RegionRemap` translates when a box only moved, rather than dividing to find
each part's fraction and multiplying to place it again. Two roundings landed
a step from where growing the tree that way does; a move is exact on a grid,
which is the whole reason `tests/drift.rs` was written.
A pixel is `1/1024` rather than `1/64`. At `1/64` the residue of a length
reached two ways was one step, and one step was 0.016 px -- enough to move
a box. `PX_SHIFT` and `REL_SHIFT` are the only statement of the grid now,
and the shader's copy is prepended from them rather than written twice.
Checked: fmt, clippy, 102 tests, 100 generated seeds in 75 s, all five
shrinker cases at 300 seeds, and `tabs`, `view`, `minimal`, `text` and
`random` byte-identical at 1920x1200.
What the fuzzers ask for is now a step, not a twentieth of a pixel: the
shrinker's five cases agree within one (`resize` exactly), and the oracle's
two-operation cases within two. The residue is a single rounding either way
-- it scales with the grid rather than accumulating, which is why it is a
thousandth of a pixel now. Closing it means one way of asking how long a box
is, rather than a chain composed down and a length measured against the
window; that is a bigger change than this one.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
`UiScalar` is `Rel` beside `Px` rather than two floats, so composing a
position down a chain of boxes adds exactly and rounds only at the two
multiplies `within` makes. `UiSpan`, `UiRegion` and `UiVec2` follow it, the
hand-written `Hash` goes away with the bits it hashed, and `impl_op!` grows a
`same` form for a type whose fields are not the same kind of number.
`Len` is still floats, so the seam converts: `Px::from_f32` where a span adds
a child's length to its cursor, and `to_f32` where something outside layout
wants pixels. Those go when `Len` follows.
The GPU reads what the CPU wrote: the instance attributes are `Sint32x2` and
the shader decodes by `1/64` and `1/2^24`, both exact in `f32`, then composes
the move chain in floats as before. It has to agree with itself frame to
frame rather than with the CPU to the last bit.
Two things fell out of making the numbers exact.
`floor` at the rasteriser was picking the pixel below wherever a fraction
divided a window exactly. A fifth of 1920 is 383.99998 through a rounded
`Rel` -- and was 384.0 through an `f32` that happened to round up -- so five
tabs each lost their last column. `snap_floor` takes a coordinate within half
a step of a boundary to be on it, which is the same rule as everywhere else
here: decide where values do not land.
A widget measured on one layer and drawn again on another kept the first
layer, because `try_reuse` compared everything about a retained drawing
except which list it sits in. `Stack` does exactly that for its background,
so every panel's text went under its own background. It only worked before
because the two asks differed by a rounding and forced a redraw;
`tests/retained.rs` pins it now, and `ReuseOutcome` can say `WrongLayer`.
Checked: fmt, clippy, 100 tests, 100 generated seeds in 70 s, all five
shrinker cases at 300 seeds. `tabs`, `view` and `minimal` render
byte-identical at 1920x1200; `random` differs in 36 pixels by one level;
`text` differs where glyph origins moved onto the grid -- same positions,
same spacing, different subpixel coverage, checked at 6x against the old
render.
Measured on the way: with the fuzzer comparing for *equality* rather than
within 0.05 px, `resize`, `repaint` and `size-change` already pass 100 seeds.
`reorder` fails one seed by exactly one step, which is the `Len` seam above.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
iris-aiandClaude Opus 5