diff --git a/src/ir/lower/program.rs b/src/ir/lower/program.rs
index b0e3b76..b9a73c2 100644
--- a/src/ir/lower/program.rs
+++ b/src/ir/lower/program.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use crate::ir::{AsmBlockArgType, Size, StructTy, SymbolSpace, Type, UFunc, UInstrInst, VarOffset};
+use crate::ir::{
+    AsmBlockArgType, FnID, Size, GenericTy, SymbolSpace, Type, UFunc, UInstrInst, VarOffset,
+};
 
 use super::{
     IRLFunction, LInstruction, Len, Symbol, SymbolSpaceBuilder, UInstruction, UProgram, VarID,
@@ -14,15 +16,11 @@ pub struct LProgram {
 // NOTE: there are THREE places here where I specify size (8)
 
 impl LProgram {
-    pub fn create(p: &UProgram) -> Result<Self, String> {
-        let start = p
-            .names
-            .id::<UFunc>(&[], "crate")
-            .ok_or("no start method found")?;
+    pub fn create(p: &UProgram, start: FnID) -> Result<Self, String> {
         let mut ssbuilder = SymbolSpaceBuilder::with_entries(&[start]);
         let entry = ssbuilder.func(&start);
         while let Some((sym, i)) = ssbuilder.pop_fn() {
-            let f = p.fns[i.0].as_ref().unwrap();
+            let f = &p.fns[i];
             let mut fbuilder = LFunctionBuilder::new(p, &mut ssbuilder);
             for i in &f.instructions {
                 fbuilder.insert_instr(i);
@@ -31,7 +29,7 @@ impl LProgram {
                 fbuilder.instrs.push(LInstruction::Ret { src: None });
             }
             let res = fbuilder.finish(f);
-            ssbuilder.write_fn(sym, res, Some(p.names.path(i).to_string()));
+            ssbuilder.write_fn(sym, res, Some(f.name.clone()));
         }
         let sym_space = ssbuilder.finish().expect("we failed the mission");
         Ok(Self { sym_space, entry })
@@ -376,7 +374,7 @@ impl LFunctionBuilderData<'_> {
     pub fn addr_size(&self) -> Size {
         64
     }
-    pub fn struct_inst(&mut self, p: &UProgram, ty: &StructTy) -> &StructInst {
+    pub fn struct_inst(&mut self, p: &UProgram, ty: &GenericTy) -> &StructInst {
         // normally I'd let Some(..) here and return, but polonius does not exist :grief:
         if self.struct_insts.get(ty).is_none() {
             let StructInst { id, args } = ty;
diff --git a/src/ir/upper/error.rs b/src/ir/upper/error.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index fb4be1e..0000000
--- a/src/ir/upper/error.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-use crate::common::{CompilerMsg, CompilerOutput, FileSpan};
-
-use super::{UProgram, Type};
-
-impl CompilerOutput {
-    pub fn check_assign(&mut self, p: &UProgram, src: &Type, dest: &Type, span: FileSpan) {
-        // TODO: spans
-        if src != dest {
-            if !src.is_resolved() || !dest.is_resolved() {
-                return;
-            }
-            self.err(CompilerMsg {
-                msg: format!(
-                    "Cannot assign type '{}' to '{}'",
-                    p.type_name(src),
-                    p.type_name(dest)
-                ),
-                spans: vec![span],
-            });
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/ir/upper/inst.rs b/src/ir/upper/inst.rs
index 147a10d..cc977a8 100644
--- a/src/ir/upper/inst.rs
+++ b/src/ir/upper/inst.rs
@@ -1,26 +1,33 @@
 use crate::ir::VarID;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 
-use super::{Origin, UInstruction};
+use super::{MemberID, ModPath, Origin, UInstruction};
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct VarInst {
-    pub id: VarID,
+    pub status: VarStatus,
     pub origin: Origin,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub enum VarStatus {
+    Res(VarID),
+    Unres { mid: ModPath, fields: Vec<MemberID> },
+    Partial { v: VarID, fields: Vec<MemberID> },
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct VarParent {
+    id: VarID,
+    path: Vec<String>,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct UInstrInst {
     pub i: UInstruction,
     pub origin: Origin,
 }
 
-impl Debug for VarInst {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "{:?}", self.id)
-    }
-}
-
 impl Debug for UInstrInst {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         write!(f, "{:?}", self.i)
diff --git a/src/ir/upper/instr.rs b/src/ir/upper/instr.rs
index f369996..6546a07 100644
--- a/src/ir/upper/instr.rs
+++ b/src/ir/upper/instr.rs
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for UInstruction {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         match self {
             Self::Mv { dst: dest, src } => write!(f, "{dest:?} <- {src:?}")?,
-            Self::Ref { dst: dest, src } => write!(f, "{dest:?} <- &{src:?}")?,
+            Self::Ref { dst: dest, src } => write!(f, "{dest:?} <- {src:?}&")?,
+            Self::Deref { dst: dest, src } => write!(f, "{dest:?} <- {src:?}^")?,
             Self::LoadData { dst: dest, src } => write!(f, "{dest:?} <- {src:?}")?,
             Self::LoadFn { dst: dest, src } => write!(f, "{dest:?} <- {src:?}")?,
             Self::LoadSlice { dst: dest, src } => write!(f, "{dest:?} <- &[{src:?}]")?,
diff --git a/src/ir/upper/kind.rs b/src/ir/upper/kind.rs
index 8197a52..b4748a6 100644
--- a/src/ir/upper/kind.rs
+++ b/src/ir/upper/kind.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::{Type, UInstrInst, UInstruction, UProgram};
+use super::{Type, UInstrInst, UInstruction};
 use crate::{
     common::FileSpan,
     ir::{Len, ID},
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub struct UFunc {
     pub name: String,
     pub origin: Origin,
     pub args: Vec<VarID>,
-    pub argtys: Vec<TypeID>,
+    pub gargs: Vec<TypeID>,
     pub ret: TypeID,
     pub instructions: Vec<UInstrInst>,
 }
@@ -41,13 +41,8 @@ pub struct UVar {
     pub name: String,
     pub origin: Origin,
     pub ty: TypeID,
-    pub res: UVarTy,
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct VarParent {
-    id: VarID,
-    path: Vec<String>,
+    pub parent: Option<VarID>,
+    pub children: Vec<VarID>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -62,25 +57,6 @@ pub struct ModPath {
     pub path: Vec<MemberID>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub enum UVarTy {
-    Ptr(VarID),
-    /// fully resolved & typed
-    Res {
-        parent: Option<VarParent>,
-    },
-    /// module doesn't exist yet
-    Unres {
-        path: ModPath,
-        fields: Vec<MemberID>,
-    },
-    /// parent var exists but not typed enough for this field path
-    Partial {
-        v: VarID,
-        fields: Vec<MemberID>,
-    },
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct VarOffset {
     pub id: VarID,
@@ -117,12 +93,6 @@ pub enum Member {
 pub type Origin = FileSpan;
 
 impl UFunc {
-    pub fn ty(&self, program: &UProgram) -> Type {
-        Type::Fn {
-            args: self.argtys.clone(),
-            ret: Box::new(self.ret.clone()),
-        }
-    }
     pub fn flat_iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &UInstrInst> {
         InstrIter::new(self.instructions.iter())
     }
diff --git a/src/ir/upper/mod.rs b/src/ir/upper/mod.rs
index f407590..34277d0 100644
--- a/src/ir/upper/mod.rs
+++ b/src/ir/upper/mod.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 mod assoc;
-mod error;
 mod inst;
 mod instr;
 mod kind;
@@ -11,7 +10,6 @@ mod resolve;
 use super::*;
 use assoc::*;
 
-pub use assoc::Idents;
 pub use inst::*;
 pub use instr::*;
 pub use kind::*;
diff --git a/src/ir/upper/program.rs b/src/ir/upper/program.rs
index bd7cbe1..feafad3 100644
--- a/src/ir/upper/program.rs
+++ b/src/ir/upper/program.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@ pub struct UProgram {
     pub generics: Vec<UGeneric>,
     pub vars: Vec<UVar>,
     pub types: Vec<Type>,
+
+    pub unres_vars: Vec<VarID>,
+    pub unres_tys: Vec<TypeID>,
+    pub unit: TypeID,
+    pub error: TypeID,
 }
 
 pub struct UModuleBuilder<'a> {
@@ -22,6 +27,9 @@ pub struct UModuleBuilder<'a> {
 
 impl UProgram {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let mut types = Vec::new();
+        let unit = Self::push_id(&mut types, Type::Unit);
+        let error = Self::push_id(&mut types, Type::Error);
         Self {
             fns: Vec::new(),
             vars: Vec::new(),
@@ -30,24 +38,36 @@ impl UProgram {
             generics: Vec::new(),
             data: Vec::new(),
             modules: Vec::new(),
+            unres_vars: Vec::new(),
+            unres_tys: Vec::new(),
+            error,
+            unit,
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn instantiate_type(&mut self, ty: Type) {
-        self.def_ty(match ty {
-            Type::Ref(node) => Type::Ref(node.lower()),
-            Type::Generic(node, nodes) => todo!(),
-            Type::Ident(node) => todo!(),
-        });
+    pub fn inst_type(&mut self, ty: TypeID, gs: Vec<TypeID>) -> TypeID {
+        let ty = match &self.types[ty] {
+            Type::Ref(id) => Type::Ref(self.inst_type(*id, gs)),
+            Type::Generic(id) => return gs[id.0],
+            Type::Bits(b) => Type::Bits(*b),
+            Type::Struct(struct_ty) => Type::Struct(struct_ty.clone()),
+            Type::Fn() => todo!(),
+            Type::Deref(id) => todo!(),
+            Type::Slice(id) => todo!(),
+            Type::Array(id, _) => todo!(),
+            Type::Unit => todo!(),
+            Type::Unres(mod_path) => todo!(),
+            Type::Infer => todo!(),
+            Type::Error => todo!(),
+        };
+        self.def_ty(ty)
     }
 
     pub fn infer(&mut self) -> TypeID {
         self.def_ty(Type::Infer)
     }
 
-    pub fn error(&mut self) -> TypeID {
-        self.def_ty(Type::Error)
-    }
+    pub fn set_type(id: TypeID, ty: Type) {}
 
     pub fn def_var(&mut self, v: UVar) -> VarID {
         Self::push_id(&mut self.vars, v)
diff --git a/src/ir/upper/resolve.rs b/src/ir/upper/resolve.rs
index 7054b96..101841e 100644
--- a/src/ir/upper/resolve.rs
+++ b/src/ir/upper/resolve.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::{Origin, StructTy, Type, TypeID, TypeIDed, UInstruction, UProgram, UStruct, UVar};
+use super::{Origin, GenericTy, Type, TypeID, TypeIDed, UInstruction, UProgram, UStruct, UVar};
 use crate::common::{CompilerMsg, CompilerOutput};
 use std::{collections::HashMap, ops::BitOrAssign};
 
@@ -65,10 +65,6 @@ impl UProgram {
                     format!("Type of {:?} cannot be inferred", var.name),
                     var.origin,
                 )),
-                Type::Placeholder => output.err(CompilerMsg::new(
-                    format!("Var {:?} still placeholder!", var.name),
-                    var.origin,
-                )),
                 Type::Unres(_) => output.err(CompilerMsg::new(
                     format!("Var {:?} type still unresolved!", var.name),
                     var.origin,
@@ -91,11 +87,12 @@ pub fn resolve_instr(data: &mut ResData, i: &UInstruction) -> InstrRes {
     let mut uf = InstrRes::Finished;
     match &i {
         UInstruction::Call { dst, f, args } => {
-            let fty = data.vars[f.id].ty;
-            let Type::Fn { args: fargs, ret } = &data.types[fty] else {
+            let ftyid = data.vars[f.id].ty;
+            let fty = &data.types[ftyid];
+            let Type::Fn { args: fargs, ret } = fty else {
                 data.errs.push(ResErr::NotCallable {
                     origin: f.origin,
-                    ty: fty,
+                    ty: ftyid,
                 });
                 return InstrRes::Finished;
             };
@@ -131,7 +128,7 @@ pub fn resolve_instr(data: &mut ResData, i: &UInstruction) -> InstrRes {
             let dest_ty = get(vars, dst.id)?;
             let Type::Struct(sty) = dest_ty else {};
             let id = sty.id;
-            let Some(struc) = self.get(id) else {};
+            let Some(struc) = get(id) else {};
             let mut new = HashMap::new();
             for (name, field) in &struc.fields {
                 let Some(src) = fields.get(name) else {
@@ -155,7 +152,7 @@ pub fn resolve_instr(data: &mut ResData, i: &UInstruction) -> InstrRes {
                     args[i] = ty;
                 }
             }
-            set(vars, dst.id, Type::Struct(StructTy { id, args }));
+            set(vars, dst.id, Type::Struct(GenericTy { id, args }));
         }
         UInstruction::If { cond, body } => {
             for i in body {
diff --git a/src/ir/upper/ty.rs b/src/ir/upper/ty.rs
index 771b680..0b7c288 100644
--- a/src/ir/upper/ty.rs
+++ b/src/ir/upper/ty.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use super::{FnID, GenericID, Len, ModPath, StructID, TypeID, UVar, VarID, VarInst};
+use super::{GenericID, Len, ModPath, TypeID, UFunc, UProgram, UStruct, UVar, VarID, VarInst};
+use crate::ir::ID;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct FieldRef {
@@ -7,16 +8,16 @@ pub struct FieldRef {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub struct StructTy {
-    pub id: StructID,
+pub struct GenericTy<T> {
+    pub id: ID<T>,
     pub args: Vec<TypeID>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub enum Type {
     Bits(u32),
-    Struct(StructTy),
-    Fn(FnID),
+    Struct(GenericTy<UStruct>),
+    Fn(GenericTy<UFunc>),
     Ref(TypeID),
     Deref(TypeID),
     Slice(TypeID),
@@ -27,7 +28,21 @@ pub enum Type {
     Generic(GenericID),
     Infer,
     Error,
-    Placeholder,
+}
+
+impl Type {
+    pub fn rf(self, p: &mut UProgram) -> Self {
+        p.def_ty(self).rf()
+    }
+    pub fn derf(self, p: &mut UProgram) -> Self {
+        p.def_ty(self).derf()
+    }
+    pub fn arr(self, p: &mut UProgram, len: Len) -> Self {
+        p.def_ty(self).arr(len)
+    }
+    pub fn slice(self, p: &mut UProgram) -> Self {
+        p.def_ty(self).slice()
+    }
 }
 
 impl TypeID {
@@ -46,9 +61,6 @@ impl TypeID {
 }
 
 impl Type {
-    pub fn is_resolved(&self) -> bool {
-        !matches!(self, Self::Error | Self::Placeholder | Self::Infer)
-    }
     pub fn bx(self) -> Box<Self> {
         Box::new(self)
     }
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/lower/arch/riscv64.rs b/src/parser/v3/lower/arch/riscv64.rs
index 1a34796..1390164 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/lower/arch/riscv64.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/lower/arch/riscv64.rs
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ pub fn arg_to_var(node: &Node<PAsmArg>, ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx) -> Option<VarInst>
         );
         return None;
     };
-    ctx.get_var(node)
+    ctx.var(node)
 }
 
 impl RegRef {
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ impl RegRef {
                 let reg = Reg::from_ident(node, ctx)?;
                 Self::Reg(reg)
             }
-            PAsmArg::Ref(node) => Self::Var(ctx.get_var(node)?),
+            PAsmArg::Ref(node) => Self::Var(ctx.var(node)?),
         })
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/lower/def.rs b/src/parser/v3/lower/def.rs
index bcb8f23..9be5731 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/lower/def.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/lower/def.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-use crate::ir::{UProgram, UVar, VarInst};
+use crate::ir::{UProgram, UVar, VarID, VarInst};
 
 use super::{CompilerOutput, Node, PVarDef};
 
 impl Node<PVarDef> {
-    pub fn lower(&self, program: &mut UProgram, output: &mut CompilerOutput) -> Option<VarInst> {
+    pub fn lower(&self, program: &mut UProgram, output: &mut CompilerOutput) -> Option<VarID> {
         let s = self.as_ref()?;
         let name = s.name.as_ref().map_or("{error}", |v| v);
         let ty = match &s.ty {
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/lower/expr.rs b/src/parser/v3/lower/expr.rs
index aef350a..5e6f928 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/lower/expr.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/lower/expr.rs
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ impl FnLowerable for PExpr {
         Some(match e {
             PExpr::Lit(l) => match l {
                 super::PLiteral::String(s) => {
-                    let dest = ctx.b.temp_var(ctx.origin, Type::Bits(8).slice());
+                    let dest = ctx.b.temp_var(ctx.origin, Type::Bits(8).slice(ctx.b.p));
                     let data = s.as_bytes().to_vec();
                     let src = ctx.b.def_data(UData {
                         name: format!("string \"{}\"", s.replace("\n", "\\n")),
-                        ty: Type::Bits(8).arr(data.len() as u32),
+                        ty: Type::Bits(8).arr(ctx.b.p, data.len() as u32),
                         content: data,
                     });
                     ctx.push(UInstruction::LoadSlice { dst: dest, src });
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl FnLowerable for PExpr {
                 }
                 super::PLiteral::Unit => ctx.b.temp_var(ctx.origin, Type::Unit),
             },
-            PExpr::Ident(i) => ctx.get_var(i),
+            PExpr::Ident(i) => ctx.var(i),
             PExpr::BinaryOp(op, e1, e2) => match op {
                 InfixOp::Add => todo!(),
                 InfixOp::Sub => todo!(),
@@ -77,13 +77,13 @@ impl FnLowerable for PExpr {
                 let res = e.lower(ctx)?;
                 match op {
                     PostfixOp::Ref => {
-                        let ty = ctx.b.vars[res.id].ty.rf();
+                        let ty = Type::Ref(ctx.b.infer());
                         let dest = ctx.temp(ty);
                         ctx.push(UInstruction::Ref { dst: dest, src: res });
                         dest
                     }
                     PostfixOp::Deref => {
-                        let ty = ctx.b.vars[res.id].ty.derf();
+                        let ty = Type::Deref(ctx.b.infer());
                         let dest = ctx.temp(ty);
                         ctx.push(UInstruction::Deref { dst: dest, src: res });
                         dest
@@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ impl FnLowerable for PExpr {
                     let arg = arg.lower(ctx)?;
                     nargs.push(arg);
                 }
-                let dest = ctx.temp(Type::Placeholder);
+                let dest = ctx.temp(Type::Infer);
                 ctx.push(UInstruction::Call {
-                    dst: dest,
+                    dst: VarInst { status: , origin: () },
                     f: fe,
                     args: nargs,
                 });
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/lower/func.rs b/src/parser/v3/lower/func.rs
index cedc690..d4e1bc5 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/lower/func.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/lower/func.rs
@@ -3,120 +3,111 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use super::{CompilerMsg, CompilerOutput, FileSpan, FnLowerable, Imports, Node, PFunction};
 use crate::{
     ir::{
-        FnID, Idents, Typable, Type, UFunc, UInstrInst, UInstruction, UModuleBuilder, UProgram,
-        UVar, VarID, VarInst,
+        FnID, Origin, Typable, Type, UFunc, UInstrInst, UInstruction, UModuleBuilder, UVar, VarID,
+        VarInst, VarStatus,
     },
-    parser,
+    parser, util::NameStack,
 };
 
 impl Node<PFunction> {
-    pub fn lower_name(&self, p: &mut UProgram) -> Option<FnID> {
-        self.as_ref()?.lower_name(p)
-    }
     pub fn lower(
         &self,
-        id: FnID,
-        p: &mut UProgram,
+        b: &mut UModuleBuilder,
         imports: &mut Imports,
         output: &mut CompilerOutput,
-    ) {
-        if let Some(s) = self.as_ref() {
-            s.lower(id, p, imports, output)
-        }
+    ) -> Option<FnID> {
+        self.as_ref()
+            .map(|s| s.lower(b, imports, output, self.origin))
+            .flatten()
     }
 }
 
 impl PFunction {
-    pub fn lower_name(&self, p: &mut UProgram) -> Option<FnID> {
-        let header = self.header.as_ref()?;
-        let name = header.name.as_ref()?;
-        let id = p.def_searchable(name, None, self.header.origin);
-        Some(id)
-    }
     pub fn lower(
         &self,
-        id: FnID,
-        p: &mut UProgram,
+        b: &mut UModuleBuilder,
         imports: &mut Imports,
         output: &mut CompilerOutput,
-    ) {
-        let name = p.names.name(id).to_string();
-        p.push_name(&name);
-        let (args, ret) = if let Some(header) = self.header.as_ref() {
+        origin: Origin,
+    ) -> Option<FnID> {
+        let header = self.header.as_ref()?;
+        let name = header.name.as_ref()?.0.clone();
+        let (generic_args, args, ret) = if let Some(header) = self.header.as_ref() {
             (
+                header
+                    .gargs
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|a| Some(a.lower(b, output)))
+                    .collect(),
                 header
                     .args
                     .iter()
-                    .flat_map(|a| Some(a.lower(p, output)?.id))
+                    .flat_map(|a| Some(a.lower(b, output)?))
                     .collect(),
                 match &header.ret {
-                    Some(ty) => ty.lower(p, output),
-                    None => Type::Unit,
+                    Some(ty) => ty.lower(b, output),
+                    None => b.def_ty(Type::Unit),
                 },
             )
         } else {
-            (Vec::new(), Type::Error)
+            (Vec::new(), Vec::new(), b.error)
         };
-        let mut ctx = FnLowerCtx {
-            instructions: Vec::new(),
-            b: p,
-            output,
-            origin: self.body.origin,
-            imports,
+        let instructions = {
+            let mut var_stack = Vec::new();
+            let mut ctx = FnLowerCtx {
+                instructions: Vec::new(),
+                var_stack: &mut var_stack,
+                b,
+                output,
+                origin: self.body.origin,
+                imports,
+            };
+            if let Some(src) = self.body.lower(&mut ctx) {
+                ctx.instructions.push(UInstrInst {
+                    origin: src.origin,
+                    i: UInstruction::Ret { src },
+                });
+            }
+            ctx.instructions
         };
-        if let Some(src) = self.body.lower(&mut ctx) {
-            ctx.instructions.push(UInstrInst {
-                i: UInstruction::Ret { src },
-                origin: src.origin,
-            });
-        }
-        let instructions = ctx.instructions;
+        let gargs = args.iter().map(|a| b.vars[a].ty).collect();
         let f = UFunc {
+            origin,
+            gargs,
+            name,
             args,
             ret,
             instructions,
         };
-        p.pop_name();
-        p.write(id, f)
+        Some(b.def_fn(f))
     }
 }
 
-pub struct FnLowerCtx<'a> {
-    pub b: &'a mut UModuleBuilder<'a>,
+pub struct FnLowerCtx<'a, 'b> {
+    pub b: &'a mut UModuleBuilder<'b>,
     pub instructions: Vec<UInstrInst>,
     pub output: &'a mut CompilerOutput,
     pub origin: FileSpan,
     pub imports: &'a mut Imports,
-    pub var_stack: Vec<HashMap<String, VarID>>,
+    pub var_stack: &'a mut NameStack<VarID>,
 }
 
-impl FnLowerCtx<'_> {
-    pub fn get_idents(&mut self, node: &Node<parser::PIdent>) -> Option<Idents> {
-        let name = node.inner.as_ref()?;
-        let res = self.b.get_idents(name);
-        if res.is_none() {
-            self.err_at(node.origin, format!("Identifier '{}' not found", name));
+impl<'a, 'b> FnLowerCtx<'a, 'b> {
+    pub fn var(&mut self, node: &Node<parser::PIdent>) -> VarInst {
+        if let Some(n) = node.as_ref() {
+            if let Some(&var) = self.var_stack.search(&n.0) {
+                return VarInst {
+                    status: VarStatus::Res(var),
+                    origin: node.origin,
+                }
+            }
         }
-        res
-    }
-    pub fn get_var(&mut self, node: &Node<parser::PIdent>) -> VarInst {
-        let ids = self.get_idents(node)?;
-        if ids.get::<UVar>().is_none() {
-            self.err_at(
-                node.origin,
-                format!("Variable '{}' not found", node.inner.as_ref()?),
-            );
-        }
-        ids.get::<UVar>().map(|id| VarInst {
-            id,
-            origin: node.origin,
-        })
     }
     pub fn err(&mut self, msg: String) {
-        self.output.err(CompilerMsg::new(self.origin, msg))
+        self.output.err(CompilerMsg::new(msg, self.origin))
     }
     pub fn err_at(&mut self, span: FileSpan, msg: String) {
-        self.output.err(CompilerMsg::new(span, msg))
+        self.output.err(CompilerMsg::new(msg, span))
     }
     pub fn temp<T: Typable>(&mut self, ty: Type) -> VarInst {
         self.b.temp_var(self.origin, ty)
@@ -125,27 +116,13 @@ impl FnLowerCtx<'_> {
         self.push_at(i, self.origin);
     }
     pub fn push_at(&mut self, i: UInstruction, span: FileSpan) {
-        match i {
-            UInstruction::Mv { dst: dest, src } => todo!(),
-            UInstruction::Ref { dst: dest, src } => todo!(),
-            UInstruction::LoadData { dst: dest, src } => todo!(),
-            UInstruction::LoadSlice { dst: dest, src } => todo!(),
-            UInstruction::LoadFn { dst: dest, src } => todo!(),
-            UInstruction::Call { dst: dest, f, args } => todo!(),
-            UInstruction::AsmBlock { instructions, args } => todo!(),
-            UInstruction::Ret { src } => todo!(),
-            UInstruction::Construct { dst: dest, fields } => todo!(),
-            UInstruction::If { cond, body } => todo!(),
-            UInstruction::Loop { body } => todo!(),
-            UInstruction::Break => todo!(),
-            UInstruction::Continue => todo!(),
-        }
         self.instructions.push(UInstrInst { i, origin: span });
     }
-    pub fn branch<'a>(&'a mut self) -> FnLowerCtx<'a> {
+    pub fn branch(&'a mut self) -> FnLowerCtx<'a, 'b> {
         FnLowerCtx {
             b: self.b,
             instructions: Vec::new(),
+            var_stack: self.var_stack,
             output: self.output,
             origin: self.origin,
             imports: self.imports,
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/lower/mod.rs b/src/parser/v3/lower/mod.rs
index 8eca6c8..b7b4b23 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/lower/mod.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/lower/mod.rs
@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ mod struc;
 mod ty;
 
 use super::*;
-use crate::ir::{Type, UFunc, UProgram};
+use crate::ir::{Type, UFunc, UModuleBuilder};
 
 impl PModule {
     pub fn lower(
         &self,
         path: Vec<String>,
-        p: &mut UProgram,
+        p: &mut UModuleBuilder,
         imports: &mut Imports,
         output: &mut CompilerOutput,
     ) {
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/lower/ty.rs b/src/parser/v3/lower/ty.rs
index d7d362f..4c330e8 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/lower/ty.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/lower/ty.rs
@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ impl Node<Box<PType>> {
     pub fn lower(&self, p: &mut UModuleBuilder, output: &mut CompilerOutput) -> TypeID {
         self.as_ref()
             .map(|t| t.lower(p, output, self.origin))
-            .unwrap_or(p.error())
+            .unwrap_or(p.error)
     }
 }
 impl Node<PType> {
     pub fn lower(&self, p: &mut UModuleBuilder, output: &mut CompilerOutput) -> TypeID {
         self.as_ref()
             .map(|t| t.lower(p, output, self.origin))
-            .unwrap_or(p.error())
+            .unwrap_or(p.error)
     }
 }
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ impl PType {
         while let PType::Member(node, ident) = ty {
             ty = if let Some(t) = node.as_ref() {
                 let Some(name) = ident.as_ref() else {
-                    return p.error();
+                    return p.error;
                 };
                 origin = node.origin;
                 path.push(MemberID {
@@ -43,18 +43,19 @@ impl PType {
                 });
                 &**t
             } else {
-                return p.error();
+                return p.error;
             };
         }
         if !path.is_empty() {
             let PType::Ident(id) = ty else {
-                return p.error();
+                return p.error;
             };
             path.push(MemberID {
                 name: id.0.clone(),
                 origin,
             });
-            return p.def_ty(Type::Unres(ModPath { m: p.module, path }));
+            let ty = Type::Unres(ModPath { m: p.module, path });
+            return p.def_ty(ty);
         }
         let ty = match ty {
             PType::Member(_, _) => unreachable!(),
@@ -70,31 +71,6 @@ impl PType {
             PType::Generic(node, nodes) => todo!(),
         };
         p.def_ty(ty)
-        // let Some(name) = self.name.as_ref() else {
-        //     return p.error();
-        // };
-        // let ids = p.get_idents(name);
-        // // TODO: should generics always take precedence?
-        // if let Some(id) = ids.and_then(|ids| ids.get::<Type>()) {
-        //     Type::Generic { id }
-        // } else if let Some(id) = ids.and_then(|ids| ids.get::<UStruct>()) {
-        //     let args = self.args.iter().map(|n| n.lower(p, output)).collect();
-        //     Type::Struct(StructInst { id, args })
-        // } else if let Ok(num) = name.parse::<u32>() {
-        //     Type::Bits(num)
-        // } else {
-        //     match name.as_str() {
-        //         "slice" => {
-        //             let inner = self.args[0].lower(p, output);
-        //             Type::Slice(Box::new(inner))
-        //         }
-        //         "_" => Type::Infer,
-        //         _ => {
-        //             output.err(CompilerMsg::from_span(span, "Type not found".to_string()));
-        //             Type::Error
-        //         }
-        //     }
-        // }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/nodes/func.rs b/src/parser/v3/nodes/func.rs
index a5e8985..3870edd 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/nodes/func.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/nodes/func.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 use super::{
-    util::parse_list, PBlock, PIdent, Node, Parsable, ParseResult, ParserCtx,
-    Symbol, PType, PVarDef,
+    util::parse_list, Node, PBlock, PIdent, PType, PVarDef, Parsable, ParseResult, ParserCtx,
+    Symbol,
 };
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 pub struct PFunctionHeader {
     pub name: Node<PIdent>,
     pub args: Vec<Node<PVarDef>>,
+    pub gargs: Vec<Node<PType>>,
     pub ret: Option<Node<PType>>,
 }
 
@@ -18,6 +19,12 @@ pub struct PFunction {
 impl Parsable for PFunctionHeader {
     fn parse(ctx: &mut ParserCtx) -> ParseResult<Self> {
         let name = ctx.parse()?;
+        let generic_args = if ctx.expect_peek()?.is_symbol(Symbol::OpenAngle) {
+            ctx.next();
+            parse_list(ctx, Symbol::CloseAngle)?
+        } else {
+            Vec::new()
+        };
         ctx.expect_sym(Symbol::OpenParen)?;
         // let sel = ctx.maybe_parse();
         // if sel.is_some() {
@@ -39,6 +46,7 @@ impl Parsable for PFunctionHeader {
         ParseResult::Ok(Self {
             name,
             args,
+            gargs: generic_args,
             ret,
         })
     }
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/nodes/ty.rs b/src/parser/v3/nodes/ty.rs
index 78a4f63..ab086c1 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/nodes/ty.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/nodes/ty.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl Parsable for PType {
             }
             break;
         }
-        ParseResult::Wrap(cur)
+        ParseResult::Node(cur)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/util/mod.rs b/src/util/mod.rs
index 52ba79e..4e563a5 100644
--- a/src/util/mod.rs
+++ b/src/util/mod.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 mod padder;
 mod bits;
 mod label;
+mod name_stack;
 
 pub use padder::*;
 pub use bits::*;
 pub use label::*;
+pub use name_stack::*;
diff --git a/src/util/name_stack.rs b/src/util/name_stack.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da44d8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/name_stack.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+pub struct NameStack<T>(Vec<HashMap<String, T>>);
+
+impl<T> NameStack<T> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self(Vec::new())
+    }
+    pub fn search(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&T> {
+        for level in self.0.iter().rev() {
+            if let Some(v) = level.get(name) {
+                return Some(v);
+            }
+        }
+        None
+    }
+}