diff --git a/ideas b/ideas
index 712e779..6b99cb7 100644
--- a/ideas
+++ b/ideas
@@ -1,21 +1,27 @@
-struct
+move names into separate vec with origins
+make struct fields a vec, resolve into index
 
-Type
-    structinst
-    bits
-
-but type is already typeinst?
-
-for each var, create list of constraints on type
-    then just need to iterate through constraints to determine type
-    keep doing passes for vars that depend on the type of other vars
-    really need to make subvar for each field of struct var so 2 different "a.b" refer to same thing
-        makes borrow checking easier
-    do dependency cycles exist?
-        for global vars yes, in functions no
-        but if function returns are inferrable (even if just "impl Trait"), then needed in functions?
-every kind has an origin, should make separate like names?
+inner values that auto generate map function:
+    enum Thing<inner T> {
+        A(T),
+        B(T, T),
+        C
+    }
+or
+    #[derive(Map(T))]
+    enum Thing<T> { ... }
 
 
+{([<
+std::Option:(u32)::Some(3)
+func:(u32)("hello", test, 3);
+std::Option:[u32]::Some(3)
+func:[T]("hello", test, 3);
+std::Option::<u32>::Some(3)
+func::<u32>(3)
+std.Option.[u32].Some(3)
+func.[T]("hello", test, 3);
+std::Option:<u32>::Some(3)
+func:<u32>(3)
+
 
-TYPE IDS!!!!! MY SAVIOR!!! MY GOAT!!!
diff --git a/src/compiler/arch/riscv/asm.rs b/src/compiler/arch/riscv/asm.rs
index 9194fc3..123a554 100644
--- a/src/compiler/arch/riscv/asm.rs
+++ b/src/compiler/arch/riscv/asm.rs
@@ -68,6 +68,83 @@ pub enum LinkerInstruction<R = Reg, S = Symbol> {
         imm: i32,
     },
 }
+impl<R, S> LinkerInstruction<R, S> {
+    pub fn map<R2, S2>(&self, r: impl Fn(&R) -> R2) -> LinkerInstruction<R2, S2> {
+        self.try_map(|v| Some(r(v))).unwrap()
+    }
+    pub fn try_map<R2, S2>(&self, r: impl Fn(&R) -> Option<R2>) -> Option<LinkerInstruction<R2, S2>> {
+        use LinkerInstruction as I;
+        Some(match self {
+            Self::ECall => I::ECall,
+            Self::EBreak => I::EBreak,
+            &Self::Li { ref dest, imm } => I::Li { dest: r(dest)?, imm },
+            Self::Mv { ref dest, src } => I::Mv {
+                dest: r(dest)?,
+                src: r(src)?,
+            },
+            Self::La { .. } => todo!(),
+            &Self::Load {
+                width,
+                ref dest,
+                ref base,
+                offset,
+            } => I::Load {
+                width,
+                dest: r(dest)?,
+                offset,
+                base: r(base)?,
+            },
+            &Self::Store {
+                width,
+                ref src,
+                ref base,
+                offset,
+            } => I::Store {
+                width,
+                src: r(src)?,
+                offset,
+                base: r(base)?,
+            },
+            &Self::Op {
+                op,
+                funct,
+                ref dest,
+                ref src1,
+                ref src2,
+            } => I::Op {
+                op,
+                funct,
+                dest: r(dest)?,
+                src1: r(src1)?,
+                src2: r(src2)?,
+            },
+            &Self::OpImm { op, ref dest, ref src, imm } => I::OpImm {
+                op,
+                dest: r(dest)?,
+                src: r(src)?,
+                imm,
+            },
+            &Self::OpImmF7 {
+                op,
+                funct,
+                ref dest,
+                ref src,
+                imm,
+            } => I::OpImmF7 {
+                op,
+                funct,
+                dest: r(dest)?,
+                src: r(src)?,
+                imm,
+            },
+            Self::Ret => I::Ret,
+            Self::Call(..) => todo!(),
+            Self::Jal { .. } => todo!(),
+            Self::J(..) => todo!(),
+            Self::Branch { .. } => todo!(),
+        })
+    }
+}
 
 pub fn addi(dest: Reg, src: Reg, imm: BitsI32<11, 0>) -> RawInstruction {
     opi(op32i::ADD, dest, src, imm.to_u())
diff --git a/src/compiler/arch/riscv/compile.rs b/src/compiler/arch/riscv/compile.rs
index 393207c..81184f2 100644
--- a/src/compiler/arch/riscv/compile.rs
+++ b/src/compiler/arch/riscv/compile.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use crate::{
     compiler::{arch::riscv::Reg, debug::DebugInfo, UnlinkedFunction, UnlinkedProgram},
-    ir::{
-        arch::riscv64::{RV64Instruction as AI, RegRef},
-        LInstruction as IRI, LProgram, Len, Size,
-    },
+    ir::{arch::riscv64::RegRef, LInstruction as IRI, LProgram, Len, Size, VarID},
 };
 
 use super::{LinkerInstruction as LI, *};
@@ -103,8 +100,8 @@ pub fn compile(program: &LProgram) -> UnlinkedProgram<LI> {
             irli.push((v.len(), format!("{i:?}")));
             match i {
                 IRI::Mv {
-                    dest,
-                    dest_offset,
+                    dst: dest,
+                    dst_offset: dest_offset,
                     src,
                     src_offset,
                 } => {
@@ -119,11 +116,15 @@ pub fn compile(program: &LProgram) -> UnlinkedProgram<LI> {
                         s,
                     );
                 }
-                IRI::Ref { dest, src } => {
+                IRI::Ref { dst: dest, src } => {
                     v.push(LI::addi(t0, sp, stack[src]));
                     v.push(LI::sd(t0, stack[dest], sp));
                 }
-                IRI::LoadAddr { dest, offset, src } => {
+                IRI::LoadAddr {
+                    dst: dest,
+                    offset,
+                    src,
+                } => {
                     v.extend([
                         LI::La {
                             dest: t0,
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ pub fn compile(program: &LProgram) -> UnlinkedProgram<LI> {
                     ]);
                 }
                 IRI::LoadData {
-                    dest,
+                    dst: dest,
                     offset,
                     src,
                     len,
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ pub fn compile(program: &LProgram) -> UnlinkedProgram<LI> {
                     });
                     mov_mem(&mut v, t0, 0, sp, stack[dest] + *offset as i32, t1, *len);
                 }
-                IRI::Call { dest, f, args } => {
+                IRI::Call { dst: dest, f, args } => {
                     let mut offset = 0;
                     if let Some((dest, s)) = dest {
                         offset -= align(s);
@@ -166,82 +167,14 @@ pub fn compile(program: &LProgram) -> UnlinkedProgram<LI> {
                     for (reg, var) in inputs {
                         v.push(LI::ld(*reg, stack[var], sp));
                     }
-                    fn r(rr: RegRef) -> Reg {
+                    fn r(rr: &RegRef<VarID>) -> Reg {
                         match rr {
                             RegRef::Var(..) => todo!(),
-                            RegRef::Reg(reg) => reg,
+                            RegRef::Reg(reg) => *reg,
                         }
                     }
                     for i in instructions {
-                        match *i {
-                            AI::ECall => v.push(LI::ECall),
-                            AI::EBreak => v.push(LI::EBreak),
-                            AI::Li { dest, imm } => v.push(LI::Li { dest: r(dest), imm }),
-                            AI::Mv { dest, src } => v.push(LI::Mv {
-                                dest: r(dest),
-                                src: r(src),
-                            }),
-                            AI::La { .. } => todo!(),
-                            AI::Load {
-                                width,
-                                dest,
-                                base,
-                                offset,
-                            } => v.push(LI::Load {
-                                width,
-                                dest: r(dest),
-                                offset,
-                                base: r(base),
-                            }),
-                            AI::Store {
-                                width,
-                                src,
-                                base,
-                                offset,
-                            } => v.push(LI::Store {
-                                width,
-                                src: r(src),
-                                offset,
-                                base: r(base),
-                            }),
-                            AI::Op {
-                                op,
-                                funct,
-                                dest,
-                                src1,
-                                src2,
-                            } => v.push(LI::Op {
-                                op,
-                                funct,
-                                dest: r(dest),
-                                src1: r(src1),
-                                src2: r(src2),
-                            }),
-                            AI::OpImm { op, dest, src, imm } => v.push(LI::OpImm {
-                                op,
-                                dest: r(dest),
-                                src: r(src),
-                                imm,
-                            }),
-                            AI::OpImmF7 {
-                                op,
-                                funct,
-                                dest,
-                                src,
-                                imm,
-                            } => v.push(LI::OpImmF7 {
-                                op,
-                                funct,
-                                dest: r(dest),
-                                src: r(src),
-                                imm,
-                            }),
-                            AI::Ret => v.push(LI::Ret),
-                            AI::Call(..) => todo!(),
-                            AI::Jal { .. } => todo!(),
-                            AI::J(..) => todo!(),
-                            AI::Branch { .. } => todo!(),
-                        }
+                        v.push(i.map(|v| r(v)));
                     }
                     for (reg, var) in outputs {
                         v.push(LI::sd(*reg, stack[var], sp));
diff --git a/src/ir/arch/riscv64.rs b/src/ir/arch/riscv64.rs
index b9da0a8..63d623b 100644
--- a/src/ir/arch/riscv64.rs
+++ b/src/ir/arch/riscv64.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-use crate::{compiler::arch::riscv::*, ir::UIdent};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
 
-pub type RV64Instruction = LinkerInstruction<RegRef, UIdent>;
+use crate::{compiler::arch::riscv::*, ir::IdentID};
+
+pub type RV64Instruction<V = IdentID> = LinkerInstruction<RegRef<V>, V>;
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub enum RegRef {
-    Var(UIdent),
-    Reg(Reg),
+pub enum RegRef<V = IdentID, R = Reg> {
+    Var(V),
+    Reg(R),
 }
 
-impl std::fmt::Debug for RegRef {
+impl<V: Debug, R: Debug> Debug for RegRef<V, R> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         match self {
             Self::Var(v) => write!(f, "{{{:?}}}", v),
@@ -16,4 +18,3 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for RegRef {
         }
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/src/ir/asm.rs b/src/ir/asm.rs
index 3c104fc..9c448d8 100644
--- a/src/ir/asm.rs
+++ b/src/ir/asm.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,7 @@
-use crate::compiler::arch::riscv::Reg;
-
-use super::VarID;
+use super::{arch::riscv64::RegRef, IdentID};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct IRAsmInstruction {
     op: String,
-    args: Vec<RegRef>,
+    args: Vec<RegRef<IdentID, String>>,
 }
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub enum RegRef {
-    Var(VarID),
-    Reg(String),
-}
-
diff --git a/src/ir/lower/func.rs b/src/ir/lower/func.rs
index ee6431e..b5e602f 100644
--- a/src/ir/lower/func.rs
+++ b/src/ir/lower/func.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use super::*;
-use crate::compiler::arch::riscv::Reg;
+use crate::{compiler::arch::riscv::Reg, ir::arch::riscv64::RegRef};
 use arch::riscv64::RV64Instruction;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
@@ -16,33 +16,33 @@ pub struct IRLFunction {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum LInstruction {
     Mv {
-        dest: VarID,
-        dest_offset: Size,
+        dst: VarID,
+        dst_offset: Size,
         src: VarID,
         src_offset: Size,
     },
     Ref {
-        dest: VarID,
+        dst: VarID,
         src: VarID,
     },
     LoadAddr {
-        dest: VarID,
+        dst: VarID,
         offset: Size,
         src: Symbol,
     },
     LoadData {
-        dest: VarID,
+        dst: VarID,
         offset: Size,
         src: Symbol,
         len: Len,
     },
     Call {
-        dest: Option<(VarID, Size)>,
+        dst: Option<(VarID, Size)>,
         f: Symbol,
         args: Vec<(VarID, Size)>,
     },
     AsmBlock {
-        instructions: Vec<RV64Instruction>,
+        instructions: Vec<RV64Instruction<VarID>>,
         inputs: Vec<(Reg, VarID)>,
         outputs: Vec<(Reg, VarID)>,
     },
diff --git a/src/ir/lower/mod.rs b/src/ir/lower/mod.rs
index 5559d58..9f3b373 100644
--- a/src/ir/lower/mod.rs
+++ b/src/ir/lower/mod.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 mod func;
 mod program;
 mod symbol;
+mod res;
 
 pub use func::*;
 pub use program::*;
diff --git a/src/ir/lower/program.rs b/src/ir/lower/program.rs
index d89e367..632b4d8 100644
--- a/src/ir/lower/program.rs
+++ b/src/ir/lower/program.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use crate::ir::{AsmBlockArgType, Size, LStructInst, SymbolSpace, Type, UFunc, UInstrInst, VarOffset};
-LStructInst
 use super::{
     IRLFunction, LInstruction, Len, Symbol, SymbolSpaceBuilder, UInstruction, UProgram, VarID,
 };
+use crate::ir::{
+    AsmBlockArgType, Size, StructInst, SymbolSpace, Type, TypeID, UFunc, UInstrInst, VarOffset,
+};
 
 pub struct LProgram {
     sym_space: SymbolSpace,
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ impl LProgram {
         let mut ssbuilder = SymbolSpaceBuilder::with_entries(&[start]);
         let entry = ssbuilder.func(&start);
         while let Some((sym, i)) = ssbuilder.pop_fn() {
-            let f = p.fns[i.0].as_ref().unwrap();
+            let f = &p.fns[i.0];
             let mut fbuilder = LFunctionBuilder::new(p, &mut ssbuilder);
             for i in &f.instructions {
                 fbuilder.insert_instr(i);
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ impl LProgram {
                 fbuilder.instrs.push(LInstruction::Ret { src: None });
             }
             let res = fbuilder.finish(f);
-            ssbuilder.write_fn(sym, res, Some(p.names.path(i).to_string()));
+            ssbuilder.write_fn(sym, res, Some(f.name.clone()));
         }
         let sym_space = ssbuilder.finish().expect("we failed the mission");
         Ok(Self { sym_space, entry })
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ pub struct LFunctionBuilderData<'a> {
     instrs: Vec<LInstruction>,
     stack: HashMap<VarID, Size>,
     subvar_map: HashMap<VarID, VarOffset>,
-    struct_insts: HashMap<LStructInst, LStructInst>,
+    struct_insts: HashMap<StructInst, LStructInst>,
     makes_call: bool,
     loopp: Option<LoopCtx>,
 }
@@ -127,44 +128,48 @@ impl<'a> LFunctionBuilder<'a> {
         }
     }
     pub fn insert_instr(&mut self, i: &UInstrInst) -> Option<Option<String>> {
-        match &i.i {
-            UInstruction::Mv { dst: dest, src } => {
-                self.alloc_stack(dest.id)?;
-                self.map_subvar(src.id);
+        match i
+            .i
+            .resolve(self.program)
+            .expect("failed to resolve during lowering")
+        {
+            UInstruction::Mv { dst, src } => {
+                self.alloc_stack(dst)?;
+                self.map_subvar(src);
                 self.instrs.push(LInstruction::Mv {
-                    dest: dest.id,
-                    dest_offset: 0,
-                    src: src.id,
+                    dst,
+                    dst_offset: 0,
+                    src,
                     src_offset: 0,
                 });
             }
-            UInstruction::Ref { dst: dest, src } => {
-                self.alloc_stack(dest.id)?;
-                self.map_subvar(src.id);
-                self.instrs.push(LInstruction::Ref {
-                    dest: dest.id,
-                    src: src.id,
-                });
+            UInstruction::Ref { dst, src } => {
+                self.alloc_stack(dst)?;
+                self.map_subvar(src);
+                self.instrs.push(LInstruction::Ref { dst, src });
             }
-            UInstruction::LoadData { dst: dest, src } => {
-                self.alloc_stack(dest.id)?;
-                let data = self.program.expect(*src);
+            UInstruction::Deref { dst, src } => {
+                todo!()
+            }
+            UInstruction::LoadData { dst, src } => {
+                self.alloc_stack(dst)?;
+                let data = &self.program.data[src];
                 let sym = self.data.builder.ro_data(
                     src,
                     &data.content,
-                    Some(self.program.names.path(dest.id).to_string()),
+                    Some(&self.program.data[src].name),
                 );
                 self.instrs.push(LInstruction::LoadData {
-                    dest: dest.id,
+                    dst,
                     offset: 0,
                     len: data.content.len() as Len,
                     src: sym,
                 });
             }
-            UInstruction::LoadSlice { dst: dest, src } => {
-                self.alloc_stack(dest.id)?;
-                let data = self.program.expect(*src);
-                let Type::Array(_, len) = &data.ty else {
+            UInstruction::LoadSlice { dst, src } => {
+                self.alloc_stack(dst)?;
+                let data = &self.program.data[src];
+                let Type::Array(_, len) = &self.program.types[data.ty] else {
                     return Some(Some(format!(
                         "tried to load {} as slice",
                         self.program.type_name(&data.ty)
@@ -173,10 +178,10 @@ impl<'a> LFunctionBuilder<'a> {
                 let sym = self.data.builder.ro_data(
                     src,
                     &data.content,
-                    Some(self.program.names.path(dest.id).to_string()),
+                    Some(&self.program.data[src].name),
                 );
                 self.instrs.push(LInstruction::LoadAddr {
-                    dest: dest.id,
+                    dst,
                     offset: 0,
                     src: sym,
                 });
@@ -185,46 +190,36 @@ impl<'a> LFunctionBuilder<'a> {
                     .builder
                     .anon_ro_data(&(*len as u64).to_le_bytes(), Some(format!("len: {}", len)));
                 self.instrs.push(LInstruction::LoadData {
-                    dest: dest.id,
+                    dst,
                     offset: 8,
                     len: 8,
                     src: sym,
                 });
             }
-            UInstruction::LoadFn { dst: dest, src } => {
-                self.alloc_stack(dest.id)?;
-                let sym = self.builder.func(src);
-                self.instrs.push(LInstruction::LoadAddr {
-                    dest: dest.id,
-                    offset: 0,
-                    src: sym,
-                });
-            }
-            UInstruction::Call { dst: dest, f, args } => {
-                self.alloc_stack(dest.id);
+            UInstruction::Call { dst, f, args } => {
+                self.alloc_stack(dst);
                 self.makes_call = true;
-                let fid = &self.program.fn_var.fun(f.id).expect("a");
-                let sym = self.builder.func(fid);
+                let sym = self.builder.func(f.id);
                 let ret_size = self
                     .data
-                    .size_of_var(self.program, dest.id)
+                    .size_of_var(self.program, dst)
                     .expect("unsized type");
-                let dest = if ret_size > 0 {
-                    Some((dest.id, ret_size))
+                let dst = if ret_size > 0 {
+                    Some((dst, ret_size))
                 } else {
                     None
                 };
                 let call = LInstruction::Call {
-                    dest,
+                    dst,
                     f: sym,
                     args: args
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|a| {
-                            self.map_subvar(a.id);
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(|id| {
+                            self.map_subvar(id);
                             (
-                                a.id,
+                                id,
                                 self.data
-                                    .size_of_var(self.program, a.id)
+                                    .size_of_var(self.program, id)
                                     .expect("unsized type"),
                             )
                         })
@@ -238,12 +233,12 @@ impl<'a> LFunctionBuilder<'a> {
                 for a in args {
                     match a.ty {
                         AsmBlockArgType::In => {
-                            self.map_subvar(a.var.id);
-                            inputs.push((a.reg, a.var.id))
+                            self.map_subvar(a.var);
+                            inputs.push((a.reg, a.var))
                         }
                         AsmBlockArgType::Out => {
-                            self.alloc_stack(a.var.id)?;
-                            outputs.push((a.reg, a.var.id));
+                            self.alloc_stack(a.var)?;
+                            outputs.push((a.reg, a.var));
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -254,33 +249,33 @@ impl<'a> LFunctionBuilder<'a> {
                 })
             }
             UInstruction::Ret { src } => {
-                self.map_subvar(src.id);
+                self.map_subvar(src);
                 let src = if self
                     .data
-                    .size_of_var(self.program, src.id)
+                    .size_of_var(self.program, src)
                     .expect("unsized var")
                     == 0
                 {
                     None
                 } else {
-                    Some(src.id)
+                    Some(src)
                 };
                 self.data.instrs.push(LInstruction::Ret { src })
             }
-            UInstruction::Construct { dst: dest, fields } => {
-                let sty = &self.program.expect_type(dest.id);
-                let Type::Struct(sty) = sty else {
-                    panic!("bruh htis aint' a struct");
-                };
-                self.alloc_stack(dest.id)?;
-                for (field, var) in fields {
-                    self.map_subvar(var.id);
+            UInstruction::Construct {
+                dst,
+                ref struc,
+                ref fields,
+            } => {
+                self.alloc_stack(dst)?;
+                for (field, &src) in fields {
+                    self.map_subvar(src);
                     let i = LInstruction::Mv {
-                        dest: dest.id,
-                        src: var.id,
-                        dest_offset: self
+                        dst,
+                        src,
+                        dst_offset: self
                             .data
-                            .field_offset(self.program, sty, field)
+                            .field_offset(self.program, struc, field)
                             .expect("field offset"),
                         src_offset: 0,
                     };
@@ -288,14 +283,11 @@ impl<'a> LFunctionBuilder<'a> {
                 }
             }
             UInstruction::If { cond, body } => {
-                self.map_subvar(cond.id);
+                self.map_subvar(cond);
                 let sym = self.builder.reserve();
-                self.instrs.push(LInstruction::Branch {
-                    to: *sym,
-                    cond: cond.id,
-                });
+                self.instrs.push(LInstruction::Branch { to: *sym, cond });
                 for i in body {
-                    self.insert_instr(i);
+                    self.insert_instr(&i);
                 }
                 self.instrs.push(LInstruction::Mark(*sym));
             }
@@ -374,9 +366,9 @@ impl LFunctionBuilderData<'_> {
         Some(VarOffset { id: var, offset })
     }
     pub fn addr_size(&self) -> Size {
-        64StructTy
+        64
     }
-    pub fn struct_inst(&mut self, p: &UProgram, ty: &LStructInst) -> &LStructInst {
+    pub fn struct_inst(&mut self, p: &UProgram, ty: &StructInst) -> &LStructInst {
         // normally I'd let Some(..) here and return, but polonius does not exist :grief:
         if self.struct_insts.get(ty).is_none() {
             let LStructInst { id, args } = ty;
@@ -423,18 +415,20 @@ impl LFunctionBuilderData<'_> {
         self.struct_insts.get(ty).unwrap()
     }
 
-    pub fn field_offset(&mut self, p: &UProgram, sty: &LStructInst, field: &str) -> Option<Len> {
+    pub fn field_offset(&mut self, p: &UProgram, sty: &StructInst, field: &str) -> Option<Len> {
         let inst = self.struct_inst(p, sty);
         Some(inst.offset(field)?)
     }
 
-    pub fn size_of_type(&mut self, p: &UProgram, ty: &Type) -> Option<Size> {
+    pub fn size_of_type(&mut self, p: &UProgram, ty: &TypeID) -> Option<Size> {
         // TODO: target matters
-        Some(match p.follow_type(ty)? {
+        Some(match &p.types[ty] {
             Type::Bits(b) => *b,
             Type::Struct(ty) => self.struct_inst(p, ty).size,
-            Type::Generic { id } => return None,
-            Type::Fn { args, ret } => todo!(),
+            Type::Generic(id) => return None,
+            // function references are resolved at compile time into direct calls,
+            // so they don't have any size as arguments
+            Type::FnRef(fi) => 0,
             Type::Ref(_) => self.addr_size(),
             Type::Array(ty, len) => self.size_of_type(p, ty)? * len,
             Type::Slice(_) => self.addr_size() * 2,
diff --git a/src/ir/lower/res.rs b/src/ir/lower/res.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2794746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ir/lower/res.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+use crate::ir::{
+    arch::riscv64::{RV64Instruction, RegRef},
+    AsmBlockArg, Resolved, UInstrInst, UInstruction, UProgram, VarID,
+};
+
+impl UInstrInst {
+    pub fn resolve<'a>(&'a self, p: &'a UProgram) -> Option<UInstrInst<Resolved>> {
+        Some(UInstrInst {
+            i: self.i.resolve(p)?,
+            origin: self.origin,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl UInstruction {
+    pub fn resolve<'a>(&'a self, p: &'a UProgram) -> Option<UInstruction<Resolved>> {
+        use UInstruction as I;
+        Some(match self {
+            I::Mv { dst, src } => I::Mv {
+                dst: dst.var(p)?,
+                src: src.var(p)?,
+            },
+            I::Ref { dst, src } => I::Ref {
+                dst: dst.var(p)?,
+                src: src.var(p)?,
+            },
+            I::Deref { dst, src } => I::Deref {
+                dst: dst.var(p)?,
+                src: src.var(p)?,
+            },
+            I::LoadData { dst, src } => I::LoadData {
+                dst: dst.var(p)?,
+                src: *src,
+            },
+            I::LoadSlice { dst, src } => I::LoadSlice {
+                dst: dst.var(p)?,
+                src: *src,
+            },
+            I::Call { dst, f, args } => I::Call {
+                dst: dst.var(p)?,
+                f: f.fun(p)?.clone(),
+                args: args.iter().map(|i| i.var(p)).try_collect()?,
+            },
+            I::AsmBlock { instructions, args } => I::AsmBlock {
+                instructions: instructions
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|i| i.resolve(p))
+                    .collect::<Option<_>>()?,
+                args: args.iter().map(|a| a.resolve(p)).try_collect()?,
+            },
+            I::Ret { src } => I::Ret { src: src.var(p)? },
+            I::Construct { dst, struc, fields } => I::Construct {
+                dst: dst.var(p)?,
+                struc: struc.struc(p)?.clone(),
+                fields: fields
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|(name, ident)| ident.var(p).map(|i| (name.clone(), i)))
+                    .collect::<Option<_>>()?,
+            },
+            I::If { cond, body } => I::If {
+                cond: cond.var(p)?,
+                body: body.iter().map(|i| i.resolve(p)).try_collect()?,
+            },
+            I::Loop { body } => I::Loop {
+                body: body.iter().map(|i| i.resolve(p)).try_collect()?,
+            },
+            I::Break => I::Break,
+            I::Continue => I::Continue,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsmBlockArg {
+    pub fn resolve(&self, p: &UProgram) -> Option<AsmBlockArg<VarID>> {
+        Some(AsmBlockArg {
+            var: self.var.var(p)?,
+            reg: self.reg,
+            ty: self.ty,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl RV64Instruction {
+    pub fn resolve(&self, p: &UProgram) -> Option<RV64Instruction<VarID>> {
+        self.try_map(|i| {
+            Some(match i {
+                RegRef::Var(v) => RegRef::Var(v.var(p)?),
+                RegRef::Reg(r) => RegRef::Reg(*r),
+            })
+        })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/ir/lower/symbol.rs b/src/ir/lower/symbol.rs
index 7d29d09..8bc282e 100644
--- a/src/ir/lower/symbol.rs
+++ b/src/ir/lower/symbol.rs
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ impl SymbolSpaceBuilder {
     pub fn with_entries(entries: &[FnID]) -> SymbolSpaceBuilder {
         let mut s = Self::new();
         for e in entries {
-            s.func(e);
+            s.func(*e);
         }
         s
     }
@@ -73,24 +73,24 @@ impl SymbolSpaceBuilder {
         let sym = self.reserve();
         self.write_ro_data(sym, data.to_vec(), label)
     }
-    pub fn ro_data(&mut self, id: &DataID, data: &[u8], label: Option<String>) -> Symbol {
-        match self.data_map.get(id) {
+    pub fn ro_data(&mut self, id: DataID, data: &[u8], label: Option<&str>) -> Symbol {
+        match self.data_map.get(&id) {
             Some(s) => *s,
             None => {
                 let sym = self.reserve();
-                self.data_map.insert(*id, *sym);
-                self.write_ro_data(sym, data.to_vec(), label)
+                self.data_map.insert(id, *sym);
+                self.write_ro_data(sym, data.to_vec(), label.map(|l| l.to_string()))
             }
         }
     }
-    pub fn func(&mut self, id: &FnID) -> Symbol {
-        match self.fn_map.get(id) {
+    pub fn func(&mut self, id: FnID) -> Symbol {
+        match self.fn_map.get(&id) {
             Some(s) => *s,
             None => {
                 let wsym = self.reserve();
                 let sym = *wsym;
-                self.unwritten_fns.push((wsym, *id));
-                self.fn_map.insert(*id, sym);
+                self.unwritten_fns.push((wsym, id));
+                self.fn_map.insert(id, sym);
                 sym
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/ir/mod.rs b/src/ir/mod.rs
index 2883df1..2a33319 100644
--- a/src/ir/mod.rs
+++ b/src/ir/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+//! the IR is split into 2 layers: upper and lower
+//! upper handles all of the main language features like types,
+//! and the lower is a very concrete format that can be easily
+//! translated to assembly and will probably also include
+//! the majority of optimization, but not sure
+
 mod upper;
 mod lower;
 mod id;
@@ -7,3 +13,4 @@ pub mod arch;
 pub use upper::*;
 pub use lower::*;
 pub use id::*;
+
diff --git a/src/ir/upper/error.rs b/src/ir/upper/error.rs
index 8388c80..73c797b 100644
--- a/src/ir/upper/error.rs
+++ b/src/ir/upper/error.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,25 @@
-use crate::{
-    common::{CompilerMsg, CompilerOutput},
-    ir::ID,
+use crate::common::{CompilerMsg, CompilerOutput};
+
+use super::{
+    IdentStatus, KindTy, MemRes, MemberTy, Origin, Res, ResBase, StructID, Type, TypeID, UProgram
 };
 
-use super::{KindTy, Origin, Res, StructID, TypeID, UProgram};
-
-pub fn report_errs(p: &UProgram, output: &mut CompilerOutput, errs: Vec<ResErr>) {
+pub fn report_errs(p: &UProgram, output: &mut CompilerOutput, mut errs: Vec<ResErr>) {
+    for ident in &p.idents {
+        match &ident.status {
+            IdentStatus::Unres { path, base } => {
+                let mem = path.last().unwrap();
+                errs.push(ResErr::UnknownMember {
+                    ty: mem.ty,
+                    name: mem.name.clone(),
+                    origin: mem.origin,
+                    parent: base.clone(),
+                })
+            }
+            IdentStatus::Failed(err) => errs.push(err.clone()),
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    }
     for err in errs {
         match err {
             ResErr::Type {
@@ -56,7 +70,7 @@ pub fn report_errs(p: &UProgram, output: &mut CompilerOutput, errs: Vec<ResErr>)
                     origin,
                 ));
             }
-            ResErr::UnknownField { origin, id, name } => {
+            ResErr::UnknownStructField { origin, id, name } => {
                 output.err(CompilerMsg::new(
                     format!("Unknown field '{name}' in struct '{}'", p.structs[id].name),
                     origin,
@@ -83,47 +97,48 @@ pub fn report_errs(p: &UProgram, output: &mut CompilerOutput, errs: Vec<ResErr>)
                 found,
                 expected,
             } => output.err(CompilerMsg::new(
-                {
-                    let name = match &found {
-                        Res::Fn(fty) => &p.fns[fty.id].name,
-                        Res::Type(id) => &p.type_name(id),
-                        Res::Var(id) => &p.vars[id].name,
-                        Res::Struct(sty) => &p.structs[sty.id].name,
-                    };
-                    format!(
-                        "Expected {}, found {} '{}'",
-                        expected.str(),
-                        found.kind_str(),
-                        name
-                    )
-                },
+                format!("Expected {expected}, found {}", found.display_str(p)),
                 origin,
             )),
-            ResErr::UnexpectedField { origin } => {
-                output.err(CompilerMsg::new(format!("Unexpected fields here"), origin))
-            }
+            ResErr::UnknownMember {
+                origin,
+                ty,
+                name,
+                parent,
+            } => output.err(CompilerMsg::new(
+                format!("Unknown {ty} {name} of {}", parent.display_str(p)),
+                origin,
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+    for var in &p.vars {
+        match &p.types[var.ty] {
+            Type::Error => output.err(CompilerMsg::new(
+                format!("Var {:?} is error type!", var.name),
+                var.origin,
+            )),
+            Type::Infer => output.err(CompilerMsg::new(
+                format!("Type of {:?} cannot be inferred", var.name),
+                var.origin,
+            )),
+            _ => (),
         }
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub enum ResErr {
-    UnknownModule {
-        origin: Origin,
-        name: String,
-    },
     UnknownMember {
         origin: Origin,
+        ty: MemberTy,
         name: String,
+        parent: ResBase,
     },
     KindMismatch {
         origin: Origin,
         expected: KindTy,
         found: Res,
     },
-    UnexpectedField {
-        origin: Origin,
-    },
     GenericCount {
         origin: Origin,
         expected: usize,
@@ -153,7 +168,7 @@ pub enum ResErr {
         id: StructID,
         name: String,
     },
-    UnknownField {
+    UnknownStructField {
         origin: Origin,
         id: StructID,
         name: String,
diff --git a/src/ir/upper/instr.rs b/src/ir/upper/instr.rs
index 79596fc..d27c95b 100644
--- a/src/ir/upper/instr.rs
+++ b/src/ir/upper/instr.rs
@@ -1,153 +1,71 @@
-use std::{collections::HashMap, fmt::Write};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use super::{arch::riscv64::RV64Instruction, DataID, FnID, Origin, UFunc, UIdent, IdentID};
-use crate::{compiler::arch::riscv::Reg, util::Padder};
+use super::{arch::riscv64::RV64Instruction, DataID, IdentID, Origin, ResStage, Unresolved};
+use crate::compiler::arch::riscv::Reg;
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub enum UInstruction {
+pub enum UInstruction<S: ResStage = Unresolved> {
     Mv {
-        dst: IdentID,
-        src: IdentID,
+        dst: S::Var,
+        src: S::Var,
     },
     Ref {
-        dst: IdentID,
-        src: IdentID,
+        dst: S::Var,
+        src: S::Var,
     },
     Deref {
-        dst: IdentID,
-        src: IdentID,
+        dst: S::Var,
+        src: S::Var,
     },
     LoadData {
-        dst: IdentID,
+        dst: S::Var,
         src: DataID,
     },
     LoadSlice {
-        dst: IdentID,
+        dst: S::Var,
         src: DataID,
     },
-    LoadFn {
-        dst: IdentID,
-        src: FnID,
-    },
     Call {
-        dst: IdentID,
-        f: IdentID,
-        args: Vec<IdentID>,
+        dst: S::Var,
+        f: S::Func,
+        args: Vec<S::Var>,
     },
     AsmBlock {
-        instructions: Vec<RV64Instruction>,
-        args: Vec<AsmBlockArg>,
+        instructions: Vec<RV64Instruction<S::Var>>,
+        args: Vec<AsmBlockArg<S::Var>>,
     },
     Ret {
-        src: IdentID,
+        src: S::Var,
     },
     Construct {
-        dst: IdentID,
-        struc: IdentID,
-        fields: HashMap<String, IdentID>,
+        dst: S::Var,
+        struc: S::Struct,
+        fields: HashMap<String, S::Var>,
     },
     If {
-        cond: IdentID,
-        body: Vec<UInstrInst>,
+        cond: S::Var,
+        body: Vec<UInstrInst<S>>,
     },
     Loop {
-        body: Vec<UInstrInst>,
+        body: Vec<UInstrInst<S>>,
     },
     Break,
     Continue,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct UInstrInst {
-    pub i: UInstruction,
+pub struct UInstrInst<S: ResStage = Unresolved> {
+    pub i: UInstruction<S>,
     pub origin: Origin,
 }
 
-impl std::fmt::Debug for UInstrInst {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "{:?}", self.i)
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct AsmBlockArg {
-    pub var: IdentID,
+pub struct AsmBlockArg<V = IdentID> {
+    pub var: V,
     pub reg: Reg,
     pub ty: AsmBlockArgType,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum AsmBlockArgType {
     In,
     Out,
 }
-
-impl std::fmt::Debug for UInstruction {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            Self::Mv { dst: dest, src } => write!(f, "{dest:?} <- {src:?}")?,
-            Self::Ref { dst: dest, src } => write!(f, "{dest:?} <- {src:?}&")?,
-            Self::Deref { dst: dest, src } => write!(f, "{dest:?} <- {src:?}^")?,
-            Self::LoadData { dst: dest, src } => write!(f, "{dest:?} <- {src:?}")?,
-            Self::LoadFn { dst: dest, src } => write!(f, "{dest:?} <- {src:?}")?,
-            Self::LoadSlice { dst: dest, src } => write!(f, "{dest:?} <- &[{src:?}]")?,
-            Self::Call {
-                dst: dest,
-                f: func,
-                args,
-            } => write!(f, "{dest:?} <- {func:?}({args:?})")?,
-            Self::AsmBlock { args, instructions } => write!(f, "asm {args:?} {instructions:#?}")?,
-            Self::Ret { src } => f.debug_struct("Ret").field("src", src).finish()?,
-            Self::Construct { dst: dest, struc, fields } => write!(f, "{dest:?} <- {struc:?}{fields:?}")?,
-            Self::If { cond, body } => {
-                write!(f, "if {cond:?}:")?;
-                if !body.is_empty() {
-                    f.write_str("{\n    ")?;
-                    let mut padder = Padder::new(f);
-                    for i in body {
-                        // they don't expose wrap_buf :grief:
-                        padder.write_str(&format!("{i:?};\n"))?;
-                    }
-                    f.write_char('}')?;
-                } else {
-                    f.write_str("{}")?;
-                }
-            }
-            Self::Loop { body } => {
-                write!(f, "loop:")?;
-                if !body.is_empty() {
-                    f.write_str("{\n    ")?;
-                    let mut padder = Padder::new(f);
-                    for i in body {
-                        // they don't expose wrap_buf :grief:
-                        padder.write_str(&format!("{i:?};\n"))?;
-                    }
-                    f.write_char('}')?;
-                } else {
-                    f.write_str("{}")?;
-                }
-            }
-            Self::Break => write!(f, "break")?,
-            Self::Continue => write!(f, "continue")?,
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Debug for UFunc {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "{:?}", self.args)?;
-        if !self.instructions.is_empty() {
-            f.write_str("{\n    ")?;
-            let mut padder = Padder::new(f);
-            for i in &self.instructions {
-                // they don't expose wrap_buf :grief:
-                padder.write_str(&format!("{i:?};\n"))?;
-            }
-            f.write_char('}')?;
-        } else {
-            f.write_str("{}")?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/ir/upper/kind.rs b/src/ir/upper/kind.rs
index 6f1088d..6b55f79 100644
--- a/src/ir/upper/kind.rs
+++ b/src/ir/upper/kind.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,37 @@
-use super::{FnInst, ResErr, StructInst, Type, UInstrInst, UInstruction};
+//! all main IR Upper data structures stored in UProgram
+
+use super::{FnInst, ResErr, StructInst, Type, UInstrInst, UInstruction, UProgram};
 use crate::{
     common::FileSpan,
     ir::{Len, ID},
 };
-use std::{collections::HashMap, fmt::Debug};
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    fmt::{Debug, Display},
+};
+
+pub trait ResStage {
+    type Var;
+    type Func;
+    type Struct;
+    type Type;
+}
+
+pub struct Unresolved;
+impl ResStage for Unresolved {
+    type Var = IdentID;
+    type Func = IdentID;
+    type Struct = IdentID;
+    type Type = IdentID;
+}
+
+pub struct Resolved;
+impl ResStage for Resolved {
+    type Var = VarID;
+    type Func = FnInst;
+    type Struct = StructInst;
+    type Type = TypeID;
+}
 
 pub type NamePath = Vec<String>;
 
@@ -16,7 +44,6 @@ pub type StructID = ID<UStruct>;
 pub type DataID = ID<UData>;
 pub type ModID = ID<UModule>;
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct UFunc {
     pub name: String,
     pub origin: Origin,
@@ -26,12 +53,12 @@ pub struct UFunc {
     pub instructions: Vec<UInstrInst>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct StructField {
     pub ty: TypeID,
+    pub origin: Origin,
+    // pub vis: Visibility
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct UStruct {
     pub name: String,
     pub origin: Origin,
@@ -39,13 +66,11 @@ pub struct UStruct {
     pub gargs: Vec<GenericID>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct UGeneric {
     pub name: String,
     pub origin: Origin,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct UVar {
     pub name: String,
     pub origin: Origin,
@@ -54,43 +79,53 @@ pub struct UVar {
     pub children: HashMap<String, VarID>,
 }
 
-/// eg. a::b::c::<T,U>.d.e
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+/// a generic identifier for all (identifiable) kinds
+/// eg. a::b::c.d.e
+/// or a::Result<T,_>
 pub struct UIdent {
     pub status: IdentStatus,
     pub origin: Origin,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub enum IdentStatus {
-    Var(VarID),
-    Struct(StructInst),
-    Fn(FnInst),
-    Type(TypeID),
+    Res(Res),
     Unres {
-        path: ModPath,
-        mem: MemberID,
-        gargs: Vec<TypeID>,
-        fields: Vec<MemberID>,
+        base: ResBase,
+        path: Vec<MemberIdent>,
     },
-    PartialVar {
-        id: VarID,
-        fields: Vec<MemberID>,
-    },
-    Failed(ResErr),
+    Failed(Option<ResErr>),
     Cooked,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct MemberID {
+pub struct MemberIdent {
+    pub ty: MemberTy,
     pub name: String,
+    pub gargs: Vec<TypeID>,
     pub origin: Origin,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct ModPath {
-    pub id: ModID,
-    pub path: Vec<MemberID>,
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum MemberTy {
+    Member,
+    Field,
+}
+
+impl MemberTy {
+    pub fn sep(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            MemberTy::Member => "::",
+            MemberTy::Field => ".",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for MemberTy {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str(match self {
+            MemberTy::Member => "member",
+            MemberTy::Field => "field",
+        })
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
@@ -110,25 +145,163 @@ pub struct UData {
 pub struct UModule {
     pub name: String,
     pub members: HashMap<String, Member>,
-    pub children: HashMap<String, ModID>,
     pub parent: Option<ModID>,
+    pub func: FnID,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Member {
-    pub id: MemberTy,
+    pub id: MemberID,
     // pub visibility: Visibility
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub enum MemberTy {
+pub enum MemberID {
     Fn(FnID),
     Struct(StructID),
     Var(VarID),
+    Module(ModID),
+    Type(TypeDef),
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct TypeDef {
+    pub gargs: Vec<GenericID>,
+    pub ty: TypeID,
+}
+
+impl MemberID {
+    pub fn kind(&self) -> KindTy {
+        match self {
+            MemberID::Fn(_) => KindTy::Fn,
+            MemberID::Struct(_) => KindTy::Struct,
+            MemberID::Var(_) => KindTy::Var,
+            MemberID::Module(_) => KindTy::Module,
+            MemberID::Type(_) => KindTy::Type,
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn display_str(&self, p: &UProgram) -> String {
+        let name = match self {
+            MemberID::Var(id) => &p.vars[id].name,
+            MemberID::Fn(id) => &p.fns[id].name,
+            MemberID::Struct(id) => &p.structs[id].name,
+            MemberID::Module(id) => &p.modules[id].name,
+            MemberID::Type(id) => &p.type_name(id),
+        };
+        format!("{} '{}'", self.kind(), name)
+    }
 }
 
 pub type Origin = FileSpan;
 
+// "effective" (externally visible) kinds
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum KindTy {
+    Type,
+    Var,
+    Struct,
+    Fn,
+    Module,
+    Generic,
+}
+
+impl Display for KindTy {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str(match self {
+            KindTy::Type => "type",
+            KindTy::Var => "variable",
+            KindTy::Fn => "function",
+            KindTy::Struct => "struct",
+            KindTy::Module => "module",
+            KindTy::Generic => "generic",
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum Res {
+    Var(VarID),
+    Fn(FnInst),
+    Struct(StructInst),
+    Type(TypeID),
+    Generic(GenericID),
+    Module(ModID),
+}
+
+impl Res {
+    pub fn kind(&self) -> KindTy {
+        match self {
+            Res::Var(..) => KindTy::Var,
+            Res::Fn(..) => KindTy::Fn,
+            Res::Struct(..) => KindTy::Struct,
+            Res::Type(..) => KindTy::Type,
+            Res::Module(..) => KindTy::Module,
+            Res::Generic(..) => KindTy::Generic,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn display_str(&self, p: &UProgram) -> String {
+        let name = match self {
+            Res::Var(id) => &p.vars[id].name,
+            Res::Fn(fi) => &p.fns[fi.id].name,
+            Res::Struct(si) => &p.structs[si.id].name,
+            Res::Type(id) => &p.type_name(id),
+            Res::Generic(id) => &p.generics[id].name,
+            Res::Module(id) => &p.modules[id].name,
+        };
+        format!("{} '{}'", self.kind(), name)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub enum ResBase {
+    Unvalidated(MemRes),
+    Validated(Res),
+}
+
+impl ResBase {
+    pub fn display_str(&self, p: &UProgram) -> String {
+        match self {
+            ResBase::Unvalidated(uv) => uv.display_str(p),
+            ResBase::Validated(res) => res.display_str(p),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct MemRes {
+    pub mem: Member,
+    pub origin: Origin,
+    pub gargs: Vec<TypeID>,
+}
+
+impl MemRes {
+    pub fn display_str(&self, p: &UProgram) -> String {
+        self.mem.id.display_str(p)
+    }
+}
+
+impl IdentID {
+    pub fn var(&self, p: &UProgram) -> Option<VarID> {
+        match p.idents[self].status {
+            IdentStatus::Res(Res::Var(id)) => Some(id),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn fun<'a>(&self, p: &'a UProgram) -> Option<&'a FnInst> {
+        match &p.idents[self].status {
+            IdentStatus::Res(Res::Fn(i)) => Some(&i),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn struc<'a>(&self, p: &'a UProgram) -> Option<&'a StructInst> {
+        match &p.idents[self].status {
+            IdentStatus::Res(Res::Struct(i)) => Some(&i),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl UFunc {
     pub fn flat_iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &UInstrInst> {
         InstrIter::new(self.instructions.iter())
@@ -162,4 +335,3 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for InstrIter<'a> {
         Some(next)
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/src/ir/upper/program.rs b/src/ir/upper/program.rs
index f7472b5..6ef5492 100644
--- a/src/ir/upper/program.rs
+++ b/src/ir/upper/program.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 use super::*;
-use std::{
-    collections::HashMap,
-    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
-};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 pub struct UProgram {
     pub fns: Vec<UFunc>,
@@ -23,12 +20,6 @@ pub struct TypeCache {
     pub error: TypeID,
 }
 
-pub struct UModuleBuilder<'a> {
-    pub p: &'a mut UProgram,
-    pub module: ModID,
-    pub temp: usize,
-}
-
 impl UProgram {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         let mut types = Vec::new();
@@ -66,7 +57,7 @@ impl UProgram {
         push_id(&mut self.types, t)
     }
 
-    pub fn def_var_inst(&mut self, i: UIdent) -> IdentID {
+    pub fn def_ident(&mut self, i: UIdent) -> IdentID {
         push_id(&mut self.idents, i)
     }
 
@@ -82,10 +73,18 @@ impl UProgram {
         push_id(&mut self.structs, s)
     }
 
+    pub fn def_module(&mut self, m: UModule) -> ModID {
+        push_id(&mut self.modules, m)
+    }
+
     pub fn type_name(&self, ty: impl Typed) -> String {
         match ty.ty(self) {
             Type::Struct(ty) => {
-                format!("{}{}", self.structs[ty.id].name, self.gparams_str(&ty.gargs))
+                format!(
+                    "{}{}",
+                    self.structs[ty.id].name,
+                    self.gparams_str(&ty.gargs)
+                )
             }
             Type::FnRef(ty) => {
                 format!(
@@ -97,13 +96,13 @@ impl UProgram {
             }
             Type::Ref(t) => format!("{}&", self.type_name(t)),
             Type::Deref(t) => format!("{}^", self.type_name(t)),
-            Type::Unres(_) => "{unresolved}".to_string(),
             Type::Bits(size) => format!("b{}", size),
             Type::Array(t, len) => format!("[{}; {len}]", self.type_name(t)),
             Type::Unit => "()".to_string(),
             Type::Slice(t) => format!("&[{}]", self.type_name(t)),
             Type::Error => "{error}".to_string(),
             Type::Infer => "{inferred}".to_string(),
+            Type::Unres(_) => "{unresolved}".to_string(),
             Type::Generic(id) => self.generics[id].name.clone(),
         }
     }
@@ -138,34 +137,6 @@ pub fn push_id<T>(v: &mut Vec<T>, t: T) -> ID<T> {
     id
 }
 
-impl<'a> UModuleBuilder<'a> {
-    pub fn new(program: &'a mut UProgram, id: ModID) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            p: program,
-            module: id,
-            temp: 0,
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn temp_var(&mut self, origin: Origin, ty: impl Typable) -> IdentID {
-        self.temp_var_inner(origin, ty)
-    }
-    fn temp_var_inner(&mut self, origin: Origin, ty: impl Typable) -> IdentID {
-        let var = UVar {
-            name: format!("temp{}", self.temp),
-            ty: ty.ty(self),
-            origin,
-            parent: None,
-            children: HashMap::new(),
-        };
-        let id = self.p.def_var(var);
-        self.temp += 1;
-        self.def_var_inst(UIdent {
-            status: IdentStatus::Var(id),
-            origin,
-        })
-    }
-}
-
 // I'm done with names...
 pub trait Typed {
     fn ty<'a>(&'a self, p: &'a UProgram) -> &'a Type;
@@ -194,33 +165,3 @@ impl Typed for &Box<Type> {
         &**self
     }
 }
-
-pub trait Typable {
-    fn ty(self, p: &mut UProgram) -> TypeID;
-}
-
-impl Typable for Type {
-    fn ty(self, p: &mut UProgram) -> TypeID {
-        p.def_ty(self)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Typable for TypeID {
-    fn ty(self, p: &mut UProgram) -> TypeID {
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-impl Deref for UModuleBuilder<'_> {
-    type Target = UProgram;
-
-    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        self.p
-    }
-}
-
-impl DerefMut for UModuleBuilder<'_> {
-    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
-        self.p
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/ir/upper/resolve.rs b/src/ir/upper/resolve.rs
index 92fa051..13516e1 100644
--- a/src/ir/upper/resolve.rs
+++ b/src/ir/upper/resolve.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 use super::{
-    inst_fn_ty, inst_struct_ty, report_errs, ControlFlowOp, DataID, FnInst, IdentID, IdentStatus,
-    MemberTy, Origin, ResErr, StructInst, Type, TypeID, TypeMismatch, UData, UFunc, UGeneric,
-    UIdent, UInstrInst, UInstruction, UModule, UProgram, UStruct, UVar, VarID,
+    inst_fn_var, inst_type, inst_typedef, inst_var, push_id, report_errs, resolve_refs, validate_gargs, ControlFlowOp, DataID, FnInst, IdentID, IdentStatus, KindTy, MemberID, MemberTy, Origin, Res, ResBase, ResErr, StructInst, Type, TypeID, TypeMismatch, UData, UFunc, UGeneric, UIdent, UInstrInst, UInstruction, UModule, UProgram, UStruct, UVar, VarID
 };
 use crate::{
-    common::{CompilerMsg, CompilerOutput},
-    ir::{inst_fn_var, ID},
+    common::CompilerOutput,
+    ir::{MemRes, Member},
 };
 use std::{
     collections::HashSet,
@@ -14,6 +12,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 // dawg this file is way too long
+// this is the omega file tho that's super cool
 
 impl UProgram {
     pub fn resolve(&mut self, output: &mut CompilerOutput) {
@@ -61,41 +60,8 @@ impl UProgram {
                 resolve_instr(&mut data, ctx);
             }
         }
-        let mut errs = data.errs;
-        for ident in &self.idents {
-            match &ident.status {
-                IdentStatus::Unres {
-                    path,
-                    mem,
-                    gargs,
-                    fields,
-                } => errs.push(ResErr::UnknownModule {
-                    origin: path.path[0].origin,
-                    name: path.path[0].name.clone(),
-                }),
-                IdentStatus::PartialVar { id, fields } => todo!(),
-                IdentStatus::Failed(err) => errs.push(err.clone()),
-                _ => (),
-            }
-        }
+        let errs = data.errs;
         report_errs(self, output, errs);
-        for var in &self.vars {
-            match &self.types[var.ty] {
-                Type::Error => output.err(CompilerMsg::new(
-                    format!("Var {:?} is error type!", var.name),
-                    var.origin,
-                )),
-                Type::Infer => output.err(CompilerMsg::new(
-                    format!("Type of {:?} cannot be inferred", var.name),
-                    var.origin,
-                )),
-                Type::Unres(_) => output.err(CompilerMsg::new(
-                    format!("Var {:?} type still unresolved!", var.name),
-                    var.origin,
-                )),
-                _ => (),
-            }
-        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -112,36 +78,37 @@ pub fn resolve_instr<'a>(data: &mut ResData<'a>, ctx: ResolveCtx<'a>) -> Option<
         UInstruction::Call { dst, f, args } => {
             let fi = data.res_id::<UFunc>(f, ctx)?;
             let f = &data.s.fns[fi.id];
-            for (src, dest) in args.iter().zip(&f.args) {
-                res |= data.match_types(dest, src, src);
+            for (src, &dest) in args.iter().zip(&f.args) {
+                res |= data.match_types::<UVar, UVar>(dest, src, src);
             }
-            res |= data.match_types(dst, f.ret, dst);
+            res |= data.match_types::<UVar, Type>(dst, f.ret, dst);
         }
         UInstruction::Mv { dst, src } => {
-            res |= data.match_types(dst, src, src);
+            res |= data.match_types::<UVar, UVar>(dst, src, src);
         }
         UInstruction::Ref { dst, src } => {
-            let dstid = data.res_ty_id::<UVar>(dst, ctx)?;
+            let dstid = data.res_var_ty(dst, ctx)?;
             let Type::Ref(dest_ty) = data.types[dstid] else {
                 compiler_error()
             };
-            res |= data.match_types(dest_ty, src, src);
+            res |= data.match_types::<Type, UVar>(dest_ty, src, src);
         }
         UInstruction::Deref { dst, src } => {
-            let srcid = data.res_ty_id::<UVar>(src, ctx)?;
+            let srcid = data.res_var_ty(src, ctx)?;
             let Type::Ref(src_ty) = data.types[srcid] else {
                 let origin = src.origin(data);
                 data.errs.push(ResErr::CannotDeref { origin, ty: srcid });
                 return None;
             };
-            res |= data.match_types(dst, src_ty, src);
+            res |= data.match_types::<UVar, Type>(dst, src_ty, src);
         }
         UInstruction::LoadData { dst, src } => {
-            res |= data.match_types(dst, src, dst);
+            let srcid = src.type_id(&data.s);
+            res |= data.match_types::<UVar, Type>(dst, srcid, dst);
         }
         UInstruction::LoadSlice { dst, src } => {
-            let dstid = data.res_id(src, ctx)?;
-            let srcid = data.res_id(src, ctx)?;
+            let dstid = data.res_var_ty(dst, ctx)?;
+            let srcid = src.type_id(&data.s);
             let Type::Slice(dstty) = data.types[dstid] else {
                 compiler_error()
             };
@@ -150,14 +117,11 @@ pub fn resolve_instr<'a>(data: &mut ResData<'a>, ctx: ResolveCtx<'a>) -> Option<
             };
             res |= data.match_types(dstty, srcty, dst);
         }
-        UInstruction::LoadFn { dst, src } => {
-            // TODO: validate size with enabled targets
-        }
         UInstruction::AsmBlock { instructions, args } => {
             // TODO
         }
         UInstruction::Ret { src } => {
-            res |= data.match_types(ctx.ret, src, src);
+            res |= data.match_types::<Type, UVar>(ctx.ret, src, src);
         }
         UInstruction::Construct { dst, struc, fields } => {
             let si = data.res_id::<UStruct>(dst, ctx)?;
@@ -167,7 +131,7 @@ pub fn resolve_instr<'a>(data: &mut ResData<'a>, ctx: ResolveCtx<'a>) -> Option<
             for (name, field) in &st.fields {
                 if let Some(src) = fields.get(name) {
                     used.insert(name);
-                    res |= data.match_types(field.ty, src, src);
+                    res |= data.match_types::<Type, UVar>(field.ty, src, src);
                 } else {
                     let origin = dst.origin(data);
                     data.errs.push(ResErr::MissingField {
@@ -180,7 +144,7 @@ pub fn resolve_instr<'a>(data: &mut ResData<'a>, ctx: ResolveCtx<'a>) -> Option<
             for (name, _) in fields {
                 if !used.contains(name) {
                     let origin = dst.origin(data);
-                    data.errs.push(ResErr::UnknownField {
+                    data.errs.push(ResErr::UnknownStructField {
                         origin,
                         id: sid,
                         name: name.clone(),
@@ -189,7 +153,7 @@ pub fn resolve_instr<'a>(data: &mut ResData<'a>, ctx: ResolveCtx<'a>) -> Option<
             }
         }
         UInstruction::If { cond, body } => {
-            if let Some(id) = data.res_ty_id::<UVar>(cond, ctx) {
+            if let Some(id) = data.res_var_ty(cond, ctx) {
                 if !matches!(data.types[id], Type::Bits(64)) {
                     let origin = cond.origin(data);
                     data.errs.push(ResErr::CondType { origin, ty: id });
@@ -247,24 +211,31 @@ fn compiler_error() -> ! {
     panic!("how could this happen to me (you)");
 }
 
-pub fn match_types(data: &mut TypeResData, dst: impl TypeIDed, src: impl TypeIDed) -> MatchRes {
-    let dst = data.res_id(dst);
-    let src = data.res_id(src);
-    if dst == src {
+pub fn match_types(data: &mut ResData, dst: impl TypeIDed, src: impl TypeIDed) -> MatchRes {
+    let dstid = data.res_ty(&dst)?;
+    let srcid = data.res_ty(&src)?;
+    if dstid == srcid {
         return MatchRes::Finished;
     }
-    let error = || MatchRes::Error(vec![TypeMismatch { dst, src }]);
-    match (data.types[dst].clone(), data.types[src].clone()) {
+    let error = || {
+        MatchRes::Error(vec![TypeMismatch {
+            dst: dstid,
+            src: srcid,
+        }])
+    };
+    match (data.types[dstid].clone(), data.types[srcid].clone()) {
         (Type::Error, _) | (_, Type::Error) => MatchRes::Finished,
         (Type::Infer, Type::Infer) => MatchRes::Unfinished,
         (Type::Infer, x) => {
-            *data.changed = true;
-            data.types[dst] = x;
+            data.changed = true;
+            data.types[dstid] = x;
+            dst.finish(&mut data.s, data.types);
             MatchRes::Finished
         }
         (x, Type::Infer) => {
-            *data.changed = true;
-            data.types[src] = x;
+            data.changed = true;
+            data.types[srcid] = x;
+            src.finish(&mut data.s, data.types);
             MatchRes::Finished
         }
         (Type::Struct(dest), Type::Struct(src)) => {
@@ -300,18 +271,8 @@ pub fn match_types(data: &mut TypeResData, dst: impl TypeIDed, src: impl TypeIDe
     }
 }
 
-pub fn resolve_refs(types: &[Type], id: TypeID) -> TypeID {
-    if let Type::Deref(rid) = types[id]
-        && let Type::Ref(nid) = types[rid]
-    {
-        nid
-    } else {
-        id
-    }
-}
-
 fn match_all(
-    data: &mut TypeResData,
+    data: &mut ResData,
     dst: impl Iterator<Item = TypeID>,
     src: impl Iterator<Item = TypeID>,
 ) -> MatchRes {
@@ -353,30 +314,24 @@ struct ResData<'a> {
     errs: Vec<ResErr>,
 }
 
-struct TypeResData<'a> {
-    changed: &'a mut bool,
-    types: &'a mut [Type],
-    sources: &'a Sources<'a>,
-}
-
 impl<'a> ResData<'a> {
-    pub fn match_types(
+    pub fn match_types<Dst: ResKind, Src: ResKind>(
         &mut self,
-        dst: impl Resolvable<Type>,
-        src: impl Resolvable<Type>,
+        dst: impl Resolvable<Dst>,
+        src: impl Resolvable<Src>,
         origin: impl HasOrigin,
-    ) -> InstrRes {
-        let dst = dst.try_res(&mut self.s, self.types, &mut self.errs)?;
-        let src = src.try_res(&mut self.s, self.types, &mut self.errs)?;
-        let res = match_types(
-            &mut TypeResData {
-                changed: &mut self.changed,
-                types: self.types,
-                sources: &self.s,
-            },
-            dst,
-            src,
-        );
+    ) -> InstrRes
+    where
+        Dst::Res: TypeIDed,
+        Src::Res: TypeIDed,
+    {
+        let dst = dst
+            .try_res(&mut self.s, self.types, &mut self.errs, &mut self.changed)?
+            .type_id(&self.s);
+        let src = src
+            .try_res(&mut self.s, self.types, &mut self.errs, &mut self.changed)?
+            .type_id(&self.s);
+        let res = match_types(self, dst, src);
         match res {
             MatchRes::Unfinished => InstrRes::Unfinished,
             MatchRes::Finished => InstrRes::Finished,
@@ -392,17 +347,19 @@ impl<'a> ResData<'a> {
         }
     }
     pub fn try_res_id<K: ResKind>(&mut self, x: impl Resolvable<K>) -> Result<K::Res, InstrRes> {
-        x.try_res(&mut self.s, &mut self.types, &mut self.errs)
+        x.try_res(
+            &mut self.s,
+            &mut self.types,
+            &mut self.errs,
+            &mut self.changed,
+        )
     }
-    pub fn res_ty_id<'b: 'a, K: ResKind>(
+    pub fn res_var_ty<'b: 'a>(
         &mut self,
-        x: impl Resolvable<K>,
+        x: impl Resolvable<UVar>,
         ctx: ResolveCtx<'b>,
-    ) -> Option<TypeID>
-    where
-        K::Res: TypeIDed,
-    {
-        self.res_id::<K>(x, ctx).map(|i| i.type_id(&self.s))
+    ) -> Option<TypeID> {
+        self.res_id::<UVar>(x, ctx).map(|i| i.type_id(&self.s))
     }
     pub fn res_id<'b: 'a, K: ResKind>(
         &mut self,
@@ -416,11 +373,22 @@ impl<'a> ResData<'a> {
         }
         None
     }
-}
 
-impl TypeResData<'_> {
-    pub fn res_id(&self, x: impl TypeIDed) -> TypeID {
-        resolve_refs(self.types, x.type_id(self.sources))
+    pub fn res_ty(&mut self, x: &impl TypeIDed) -> Result<TypeID, InstrRes> {
+        let id = resolve_refs(self.types, x.type_id(&self.s));
+        Ok(if let Type::Unres(ident) = self.types[id] {
+            match self.try_res_id::<Type>(ident) {
+                Ok(nid) => {
+                    // this does NOT feel good lmao
+                    self.types[id] = self.types[nid].clone();
+                    x.finish(&mut self.s, self.types);
+                    nid
+                }
+                Err(res) => return Err(res),
+            }
+        } else {
+            id
+        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -436,6 +404,155 @@ pub enum InstrRes {
     Unfinished,
 }
 
+impl MemRes {
+    pub fn validate(
+        &self,
+        fns: &[UFunc],
+        structs: &[UStruct],
+        generics: &[UGeneric],
+        types: &mut Vec<Type>,
+        errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
+    ) -> Result<Res, Option<ResErr>> {
+        let no_gargs = || {
+            if self.gargs.len() > 0 {
+                Err(ResErr::GenericCount {
+                    origin: self.origin,
+                    expected: 0,
+                    found: self.gargs.len(),
+                })
+            } else {
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        };
+        Ok(match &self.mem.id {
+            &MemberID::Fn(id) => {
+                validate_gargs(
+                    &fns[id].gargs,
+                    &self.gargs,
+                    generics,
+                    types,
+                    errs,
+                    self.origin,
+                )?;
+                Res::Fn(FnInst {
+                    id,
+                    gargs: self.gargs.clone(),
+                })
+            }
+            &MemberID::Struct(id) => {
+                validate_gargs(
+                    &structs[id].gargs,
+                    &self.gargs,
+                    generics,
+                    types,
+                    errs,
+                    self.origin,
+                )?;
+                Res::Struct(StructInst {
+                    id,
+                    gargs: self.gargs.clone(),
+                })
+            }
+            &MemberID::Var(id) => {
+                no_gargs()?;
+                Res::Var(id)
+            }
+            &MemberID::Module(id) => {
+                no_gargs()?;
+                Res::Module(id)
+            }
+            MemberID::Type(def) => {
+                validate_gargs(&def.gargs, &self.gargs, generics, types, errs, self.origin)?;
+                inst_typedef(def, &self.gargs, types);
+                Res::Type(def.ty)
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl IdentID {
+    pub fn resolve(
+        self,
+        s: &mut Sources,
+        types: &mut Vec<Type>,
+        changed: &mut bool,
+        errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
+    ) -> Result<Res, InstrRes> {
+        let status = &mut s.idents[self].status;
+        // TOOD: there are some clones here that shouldn't be needed
+        Ok(match status {
+            IdentStatus::Res(r) => r.clone(),
+            IdentStatus::Unres { path, base } => {
+                while let Some(mem) = path.pop() {
+                    let res = match base {
+                        ResBase::Unvalidated(u) => {
+                            match u.validate(s.fns, s.structs, s.generics, types, errs) {
+                                Ok(res) => res,
+                                Err(err) => {
+                                    *status = IdentStatus::Failed(err);
+                                    return Err(InstrRes::Finished);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ResBase::Validated(res) => res.clone(),
+                    };
+                    *base = match (res, mem.ty) {
+                        (Res::Module(id), MemberTy::Member) => {
+                            let Some(m) = s.modules[id].members.get(&mem.name) else {
+                                return Err(InstrRes::Unfinished);
+                            };
+                            ResBase::Unvalidated(MemRes {
+                                mem: m.clone(),
+                                origin: mem.origin,
+                                gargs: mem.gargs,
+                            })
+                        }
+                        (Res::Var(id), MemberTy::Field) => {
+                            // trait resolution here
+                            let Some(&child) = s.vars[id].children.get(&mem.name) else {
+                                return Err(InstrRes::Unfinished);
+                            };
+                            ResBase::Unvalidated(MemRes {
+                                mem: Member {
+                                    id: MemberID::Var(child),
+                                },
+                                origin: mem.origin,
+                                gargs: mem.gargs,
+                            })
+                        }
+                        _ => {
+                            *status = IdentStatus::Failed(Some(ResErr::UnknownMember {
+                                origin: mem.origin,
+                                ty: mem.ty,
+                                name: mem.name.clone(),
+                                parent: base.clone(),
+                            }));
+                            return Err(InstrRes::Finished);
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+                let res = match base {
+                    ResBase::Unvalidated(u) => {
+                        match u.validate(s.fns, s.structs, s.generics, types, errs) {
+                            Ok(res) => res,
+                            Err(err) => {
+                                *status = IdentStatus::Failed(err);
+                                return Err(InstrRes::Finished);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ResBase::Validated(res) => res.clone(),
+                };
+                *status = IdentStatus::Res(res.clone());
+                *changed = true;
+                res
+            }
+            IdentStatus::Cooked => return Err(InstrRes::Finished),
+            IdentStatus::Failed(_) => return Err(InstrRes::Finished),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 impl BitOrAssign for InstrRes {
     fn bitor_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
         match rhs {
@@ -457,134 +574,23 @@ trait Resolvable<K: ResKind> {
         s: &mut Sources,
         types: &mut Vec<Type>,
         errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
+        changed: &mut bool,
     ) -> Result<K::Res, InstrRes>;
 }
 
-impl<T: TypeIDed> Resolvable<Type> for T {
-    fn try_res(
-        &self,
-        s: &mut Sources,
-        _: &mut Vec<Type>,
-        errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
-    ) -> Result<TypeID, InstrRes> {
-        Ok(self.type_id(s))
-    }
-}
-
-impl IdentID {
-    pub fn resolve(self, s: &mut Sources) -> Result<Res, InstrRes> {
-        let ident = &mut s.idents[self];
-        Ok(match &mut ident.status {
-            IdentStatus::Var(id) => Res::Var(*id),
-            IdentStatus::Struct(sty) => Res::Struct(sty.clone()),
-            IdentStatus::Fn(fty) => Res::Fn(fty.clone()),
-            IdentStatus::Type(ty) => Res::Type(*ty),
-            IdentStatus::Unres {
-                path,
-                mem,
-                gargs,
-                fields,
-            } => {
-                let mut mid = path.id;
-                let mut count = 0;
-                for mem in &path.path {
-                    let Some(&child) = s.modules[mid].children.get(&mem.name) else {
-                        break;
-                    };
-                    count += 1;
-                    mid = child;
-                }
-                path.path.drain(0..count);
-                path.id = mid;
-                if path.path.len() != 0 {
-                    return Err(InstrRes::Unfinished);
-                }
-                let Some(mem) = s.modules[mid].members.get(&mem.name) else {
-                    return Err(InstrRes::Unfinished);
-                };
-                match mem.id {
-                    MemberTy::Fn(id) => {
-                        if fields.len() > 0 {
-                            ident.status = IdentStatus::Failed(ResErr::UnexpectedField {
-                                origin: ident.origin,
-                            });
-                            return Err(InstrRes::Finished);
-                        }
-                        let fty = FnInst {
-                            id,
-                            gargs: gargs.clone(),
-                        };
-                        ident.status = IdentStatus::Fn(fty.clone());
-                        Res::Fn(fty)
-                    }
-                    MemberTy::Struct(id) => {
-                        if fields.len() > 0 {
-                            ident.status = IdentStatus::Failed(ResErr::UnexpectedField {
-                                origin: ident.origin,
-                            });
-                            return Err(InstrRes::Finished);
-                        }
-                        let sty = StructInst {
-                            id,
-                            gargs: gargs.clone(),
-                        };
-                        ident.status = IdentStatus::Struct(sty.clone());
-                        Res::Struct(sty)
-                    }
-                    MemberTy::Var(id) => {
-                        if !gargs.is_empty() {
-                            ident.status = IdentStatus::Failed(ResErr::GenericCount {
-                                origin: ident.origin,
-                                expected: 0,
-                                found: gargs.len(),
-                            });
-                            return Err(InstrRes::Finished);
-                        }
-                        ident.status = IdentStatus::PartialVar {
-                            id,
-                            fields: fields.clone(),
-                        };
-                        return self.resolve(s);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            IdentStatus::PartialVar { id, fields } => {
-                let mut fiter = fields.iter();
-                let mut next = fiter.next();
-                let mut count = 0;
-                while let Some(mem) = next
-                    && let Some(&cid) = s.vars[*id].children.get(&mem.name)
-                {
-                    *id = cid;
-                    next = fiter.next();
-                    count += 1;
-                }
-                fields.drain(0..count);
-                if fields.len() != 0 {
-                    return Err(InstrRes::Unfinished);
-                }
-                let id = *id;
-                ident.status = IdentStatus::Var(id);
-                Res::Var(id)
-            }
-            IdentStatus::Cooked => return Err(InstrRes::Finished),
-            IdentStatus::Failed(_) => return Err(InstrRes::Finished),
-        })
-    }
-}
-
 impl<K: ResKind> Resolvable<K> for IdentID {
     fn try_res(
         &self,
         s: &mut Sources,
         types: &mut Vec<Type>,
         errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
+        changed: &mut bool,
     ) -> Result<K::Res, InstrRes> {
         let origin = s.idents[self].origin;
-        let res = self.resolve(s)?;
-        match K::from_res(res.clone(), types, s, origin, errs) {
-            Some(res) => Ok(res),
-            None => {
+        let res = self.resolve(s, types, changed, errs)?;
+        match K::from_res(res, types, s, origin) {
+            Ok(res) => Ok(res),
+            Err(res) => {
                 errs.push(ResErr::KindMismatch {
                     origin,
                     expected: K::ty(),
@@ -596,45 +602,39 @@ impl<K: ResKind> Resolvable<K> for IdentID {
     }
 }
 
-// "effective" (externally visible) kinds
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum KindTy {
-    Type,
-    Var,
-    Struct,
-    Fn,
-}
-
-impl KindTy {
-    pub fn str(&self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            KindTy::Type => "type",
-            KindTy::Var => "variable",
-            KindTy::Fn => "function",
-            KindTy::Struct => "struct",
-        }
+impl<K: ResKind> Resolvable<K> for &IdentID {
+    fn try_res(
+        &self,
+        s: &mut Sources,
+        types: &mut Vec<Type>,
+        errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
+        changed: &mut bool,
+    ) -> Result<K::Res, InstrRes> {
+        Resolvable::<K>::try_res(*self, s, types, errs, changed)
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum Res {
-    Var(VarID),
-    Fn(FnInst),
-    Struct(StructInst),
-    Type(TypeID),
+impl Resolvable<UVar> for VarID {
+    fn try_res(
+        &self,
+        s: &mut Sources,
+        types: &mut Vec<Type>,
+        errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
+        changed: &mut bool,
+    ) -> Result<<UVar as ResKind>::Res, InstrRes> {
+        Ok(*self)
+    }
 }
 
-impl Res {
-    pub fn kind(&self) -> KindTy {
-        match self {
-            Res::Var(..) => KindTy::Var,
-            Res::Fn(..) => KindTy::Fn,
-            Res::Struct(..) => KindTy::Struct,
-            Res::Type(..) => KindTy::Type,
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn kind_str(&self) -> &'static str {
-        self.kind().str()
+impl Resolvable<Type> for TypeID {
+    fn try_res(
+        &self,
+        s: &mut Sources,
+        types: &mut Vec<Type>,
+        errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
+        changed: &mut bool,
+    ) -> Result<<Type as ResKind>::Res, InstrRes> {
+        Ok(*self)
     }
 }
 
@@ -646,8 +646,7 @@ pub trait ResKind {
         types: &mut Vec<Type>,
         s: &mut Sources,
         origin: Origin,
-        errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
-    ) -> Option<Self::Res>;
+    ) -> Result<Self::Res, Res>;
 }
 
 impl ResKind for UFunc {
@@ -655,16 +654,10 @@ impl ResKind for UFunc {
     fn ty() -> KindTy {
         KindTy::Fn
     }
-    fn from_res(
-        res: Res,
-        _: &mut Vec<Type>,
-        _: &mut Sources,
-        _: Origin,
-        _: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
-    ) -> Option<Self::Res> {
+    fn from_res(res: Res, _: &mut Vec<Type>, _: &mut Sources, _: Origin) -> Result<Self::Res, Res> {
         match res {
-            Res::Fn(fi) => Some(fi),
-            _ => None,
+            Res::Fn(fi) => Ok(fi),
+            _ => Err(res),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -679,13 +672,11 @@ impl ResKind for UVar {
         types: &mut Vec<Type>,
         s: &mut Sources,
         origin: Origin,
-        errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
-    ) -> Option<Self::Res> {
-        Some(match res {
-            Res::Fn(fty) => inst_fn_var(&fty, s.fns, origin, s.vars, types, s.generics, errs),
+    ) -> Result<Self::Res, Res> {
+        Ok(match res {
+            Res::Fn(fty) => inst_fn_var(fty, s.fns, origin, s.vars, types),
             Res::Var(id) => id,
-            Res::Struct(_) => return None,
-            Res::Type(_) => return None,
+            _ => return Err(res),
         })
     }
 }
@@ -695,16 +686,10 @@ impl ResKind for UStruct {
     fn ty() -> KindTy {
         KindTy::Struct
     }
-    fn from_res(
-        res: Res,
-        _: &mut Vec<Type>,
-        _: &mut Sources,
-        _: Origin,
-        _: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
-    ) -> Option<Self::Res> {
+    fn from_res(res: Res, _: &mut Vec<Type>, _: &mut Sources, _: Origin) -> Result<Self::Res, Res> {
         match res {
-            Res::Struct(si) => Some(si),
-            _ => None,
+            Res::Struct(si) => Ok(si),
+            _ => Err(res),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -719,30 +704,18 @@ impl ResKind for Type {
         types: &mut Vec<Type>,
         s: &mut Sources,
         _: Origin,
-        errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
-    ) -> Option<Self::Res> {
-        Some(match res {
-            Res::Fn(fty) => inst_fn_ty(&fty, s.fns, types, s.generics, errs),
-            Res::Var(id) => id.type_id(s),
-            Res::Struct(si) => inst_struct_ty(&si, s.structs, types, s.generics, errs),
+    ) -> Result<Self::Res, Res> {
+        Ok(match res {
+            Res::Struct(si) => push_id(types, Type::Struct(si)),
             Res::Type(id) => id,
+            _ => return Err(res),
         })
     }
 }
 
-impl<K: ResKind> Resolvable<K> for &IdentID {
-    fn try_res(
-        &self,
-        s: &mut Sources,
-        types: &mut Vec<Type>,
-        errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
-    ) -> Result<K::Res, InstrRes> {
-        Resolvable::<K>::try_res(*self, s, types, errs)
-    }
-}
-
 pub trait TypeIDed {
     fn type_id(&self, s: &Sources) -> TypeID;
+    fn finish(&self, s: &mut Sources, types: &mut Vec<Type>) {}
 }
 
 impl TypeIDed for TypeID {
@@ -755,6 +728,9 @@ impl TypeIDed for VarID {
     fn type_id(&self, s: &Sources) -> TypeID {
         s.vars[self].ty
     }
+    fn finish(&self, s: &mut Sources, types: &mut Vec<Type>) {
+        inst_var(s.vars, s.structs, *self, types);
+    }
 }
 
 impl TypeIDed for DataID {
@@ -769,8 +745,8 @@ impl<T: TypeIDed> TypeIDed for &T {
     }
 }
 
-impl FromResidual<std::result::Result<std::convert::Infallible, InstrRes>> for InstrRes {
-    fn from_residual(residual: std::result::Result<std::convert::Infallible, InstrRes>) -> Self {
+impl FromResidual<Result<Infallible, InstrRes>> for InstrRes {
+    fn from_residual(residual: Result<Infallible, InstrRes>) -> Self {
         match residual {
             Ok(_) => unreachable!(),
             Err(r) => r,
@@ -787,3 +763,11 @@ impl HasOrigin for &IdentID {
         data.s.idents[*self].origin
     }
 }
+impl FromResidual<Result<Infallible, MatchRes>> for MatchRes {
+    fn from_residual(residual: Result<Infallible, MatchRes>) -> Self {
+        match residual {
+            Ok(_) => unreachable!(),
+            Err(r) => r,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/ir/upper/ty.rs b/src/ir/upper/ty.rs
index 66c75a4..2efcdd6 100644
--- a/src/ir/upper/ty.rs
+++ b/src/ir/upper/ty.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use super::{
-    push_id, FnID, GenericID, Len, ModPath, Origin, ResErr, StructID, TypeID, UFunc, UGeneric,
-    UProgram, UStruct, UVar, VarID,
+    push_id, FnID, GenericID, IdentID, Len, Origin, ResErr, StructID, TypeDef, TypeID, UFunc,
+    UGeneric, UProgram, UStruct, UVar, VarID,
 };
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@ pub struct FieldRef {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub struct StructInst {
     pub id: StructID,
+    /// assumed to be valid
     pub gargs: Vec<TypeID>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub struct FnInst {
     pub id: FnID,
+    /// assumed to be valid
     pub gargs: Vec<TypeID>,
 }
 
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ pub enum Type {
     Array(TypeID, Len),
     Unit,
     // "fake" types
-    Unres(ModPath),
+    Unres(IdentID),
     Generic(GenericID),
     Infer,
     Error,
@@ -79,16 +81,14 @@ impl Type {
 }
 
 pub fn inst_fn_var(
-    fi: &FnInst,
+    fi: FnInst,
     fns: &[UFunc],
     origin: Origin,
     vars: &mut Vec<UVar>,
     types: &mut Vec<Type>,
-    generics: &[UGeneric],
-    errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
 ) -> VarID {
-    let ty = inst_fn_ty(fi, fns, types, generics, errs);
     let name = fns[fi.id].name.clone();
+    let ty = push_id(types, Type::FnRef(fi));
     push_id(
         vars,
         UVar {
@@ -101,33 +101,16 @@ pub fn inst_fn_var(
     )
 }
 
-pub fn inst_fn_ty(
-    fi: &FnInst,
-    fns: &[UFunc],
-    types: &mut Vec<Type>,
-    generics: &[UGeneric],
-    errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
-) -> TypeID {
-    let f = &fns[fi.id];
-    let ty = Type::FnRef(FnInst {
-        id: fi.id,
-        gargs: inst_generics(&f.gargs, &fi.gargs, types, generics, errs),
-    });
-    push_id(types, ty)
-}
-
 pub fn inst_struct_var(
-    si: &StructInst,
+    si: StructInst,
     structs: &[UStruct],
     origin: Origin,
     vars: &mut Vec<UVar>,
     types: &mut Vec<Type>,
-    generics: &[UGeneric],
-    errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
 ) -> VarID {
-    let ty = inst_struct_ty(si, structs, types, generics, errs);
     let name = structs[si.id].name.clone();
-    push_id(
+    let ty = push_id(types, Type::Struct(si));
+    let id = push_id(
         vars,
         UVar {
             name,
@@ -136,68 +119,91 @@ pub fn inst_struct_var(
             parent: None,
             children: HashMap::new(),
         },
-    )
+    );
+    inst_var(vars, structs, id, types);
+    id
 }
 
-pub fn inst_struct_ty(
-    si: &StructInst,
-    structs: &[UStruct],
-    types: &mut Vec<Type>,
+pub fn inst_var(vars: &mut Vec<UVar>, structs: &[UStruct], id: VarID, types: &mut Vec<Type>) {
+    match &types[resolve_refs(types, vars[id].ty)] {
+        Type::Struct(si) => {
+            let fields = &structs[si.id].fields;
+            let s_gargs = &structs[si.id].gargs;
+            let gmap = inst_gmap(s_gargs, &si.gargs);
+            let children = fields
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(name, f)| {
+                    (name.clone(), {
+                        let ty = inst_type(f.ty, types, &gmap);
+                        let fid = push_id(
+                            vars,
+                            UVar {
+                                name: name.clone(),
+                                origin: f.origin,
+                                ty,
+                                parent: Some(id),
+                                children: HashMap::new(),
+                            },
+                        );
+                        inst_var(vars, structs, fid, types);
+                        fid
+                    })
+                })
+                .collect();
+            vars[id].children = children;
+        }
+        _ => (),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn resolve_refs(types: &[Type], id: TypeID) -> TypeID {
+    if let Type::Deref(rid) = types[id]
+        && let Type::Ref(nid) = types[rid]
+    {
+        nid
+    } else {
+        id
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn validate_gargs(
+    dst: &[GenericID],
+    src: &[TypeID],
     generics: &[UGeneric],
+    types: &[Type],
     errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
-) -> TypeID {
-    let s = &structs[si.id];
-    let ty = Type::Struct(StructInst {
-        id: si.id,
-        gargs: inst_generics(&s.gargs, &si.gargs, types, generics, errs),
-    });
-    push_id(types, ty)
+    origin: Origin,
+) -> Result<(), Option<ResErr>> {
+    if dst.len() != src.len() {
+        return Err(Some(ResErr::GenericCount {
+            origin,
+            expected: dst.len(),
+            found: src.len(),
+        }));
+    }
+    for (dst, src) in dst.iter().zip(src.iter()) {
+        let g = &generics[dst];
+        let t = &types[src];
+        // TODO: validate trait constraints
+    }
+    Ok(())
 }
 
-pub fn inst_generics(
-    source: &[GenericID],
-    args: &[TypeID],
-    types: &mut Vec<Type>,
-    // will be needed when constraints are added
-    _generics: &[UGeneric],
-    errs: &mut Vec<ResErr>,
-) -> Vec<TypeID> {
-    if source.len() != args.len() {
-        // don't want unequal lengths to be inferred further
-        return source.iter().map(|_| push_id(types, Type::Error)).collect();
-    }
-    let mut gargs = Vec::new();
+/// gargs assumed to be valid
+pub fn inst_typedef(def: &TypeDef, gargs: &[TypeID], types: &mut Vec<Type>) -> TypeID {
+    let gmap = inst_gmap(&def.gargs, &gargs);
+    inst_type(def.ty, types, &gmap)
+}
+
+pub fn inst_gmap(dst: &[GenericID], src: &[TypeID]) -> HashMap<GenericID, TypeID> {
     let mut gmap = HashMap::new();
-    for &gid in source {
-        let id = push_id(types, Type::Error);
-        gmap.insert(gid, id);
-        gargs.push(id);
+    for (&gid, &tid) in dst.iter().zip(src) {
+        gmap.insert(gid, tid);
     }
-    for (gid, &ty) in source.iter().zip(args) {
-        inst_type_ins(
-            |types, ty| {
-                let id = gmap[gid];
-                types[id] = ty;
-                id
-            },
-            ty,
-            types,
-            &gmap,
-        );
-    }
-    gargs
+    gmap
 }
 
 pub fn inst_type(id: TypeID, types: &mut Vec<Type>, gmap: &HashMap<GenericID, TypeID>) -> TypeID {
-    inst_type_ins(push_id, id, types, gmap)
-}
-
-pub fn inst_type_ins(
-    insert: impl Fn(&mut Vec<Type>, Type) -> TypeID,
-    id: TypeID,
-    types: &mut Vec<Type>,
-    gmap: &HashMap<GenericID, TypeID>,
-) -> TypeID {
     let ty = match types[id].clone() {
         Type::Bits(_) => return id,
         Type::Struct(struct_ty) => Type::Struct(StructInst {
@@ -226,5 +232,7 @@ pub fn inst_type_ins(
         Type::Infer => Type::Infer,
         Type::Error => Type::Error,
     };
-    insert(types, ty)
+    push_id(types, ty)
 }
+
+// type Test<T, U> = (&T, &U)
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index f32ad8a..440a16d 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #![feature(try_trait_v2)]
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
 #![feature(let_chains)]
+#![feature(iterator_try_collect)]
 // dawg what
 #![feature(str_as_str)]
 
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/lower/arch/riscv64.rs b/src/parser/v3/lower/arch/riscv64.rs
index e9ead4b..caadad5 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/lower/arch/riscv64.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/lower/arch/riscv64.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ impl RV64Instruction {
         let args = &inst.args[..];
         let opstr = &**inst.op.inner.as_ref()?;
         // TODO: surely this can be abstracted...
-        let opi = |ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx<'_>, op: Funct3| -> Option<Self> {
+        let opi = |ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx<'_, '_, '_>, op: Funct3| -> Option<Self> {
             let [dest, src, imm] = args else {
                 ctx.err(format!("{opstr} requires 3 arguments"));
                 return None;
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ impl RV64Instruction {
             let imm = i32_from_arg(imm, ctx)?;
             Some(Self::OpImm { op, dest, src, imm })
         };
-        let op = |ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx<'_>, op: Funct3, funct: Funct7| -> Option<Self> {
+        let op = |ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx<'_, '_, '_>, op: Funct3, funct: Funct7| -> Option<Self> {
             let [dest, src1, src2] = args else {
                 ctx.err(format!("{opstr} requires 3 arguments"));
                 return None;
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ pub fn arg_to_var(node: &Node<PAsmArg>, ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx) -> Option<UIdent>
         );
         return None;
     };
-    ctx.var(node)
+    ctx.ident(node)
 }
 
 impl RegRef {
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ impl RegRef {
                 let reg = Reg::from_ident(node, ctx)?;
                 Self::Reg(reg)
             }
-            PAsmArg::Ref(node) => Self::Var(ctx.var(node)?),
+            PAsmArg::Ref(node) => Self::Var(ctx.ident(node)?),
         })
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/lower/asm.rs b/src/parser/v3/lower/asm.rs
index be8b14c..68f8f7f 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/lower/asm.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/lower/asm.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 use crate::{
     compiler::arch::riscv::Reg,
     ir::{
-        arch::riscv64::RV64Instruction, AsmBlockArg, AsmBlockArgType, Type, UInstruction, UIdent,
-        IdentID,
+        arch::riscv64::RV64Instruction, AsmBlockArg, AsmBlockArgType, IdentID, Type, UInstruction,
     },
     parser::PAsmBlockArg,
 };
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/lower/block.rs b/src/parser/v3/lower/block.rs
index d8a875f..cd8be59 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/lower/block.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/lower/block.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::{
-    ir::{Type, UInstruction, UVar, UIdent, IdentID},
+    ir::{IdentID, Type, UIdent, UInstruction, UVar},
     parser::{PConstStatement, PStatementLike},
 };
 
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use super::{FnLowerCtx, FnLowerable, Import, PBlock, PStatement};
 impl FnLowerable for PBlock {
     type Output = IdentID;
     fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx) -> Option<IdentID> {
+        ctx.ident_stack.push();
         let mut last = None;
         let mut statements = Vec::new();
         let mut fn_nodes = Vec::new();
@@ -27,64 +28,58 @@ impl FnLowerable for PBlock {
                 },
             }
         }
-        ctx.b.push();
         // then lower imports
         for i_n in &import_nodes {
             if let Some(i) = i_n.as_ref() {
                 let name = &i.0;
-                let path = ctx.b.path_for(name);
+                let path = ctx.path_for(name);
                 let import = Import(path.clone());
                 if ctx.imports.insert(import) {
-                    ctx.b.def_searchable::<UVar>(
-                        name,
-                        Some(UVar {
-                            ty: Type::Module(path),
-                        }),
-                        i_n.origin,
-                    );
+                    ctx.def_var(UVar {
+                        name: name.clone(),
+                        ty: Type::Module(path),
+                        origin: i_n.origin,
+                    });
                 }
             }
         }
         // then lower const things
         let mut structs = Vec::new();
         for s in &struct_nodes {
-            structs.push(s.lower_name(ctx.b));
+            structs.push(s.lower(ctx.ctx));
         }
         for (s, id) in struct_nodes.iter().zip(structs) {
             if let Some(id) = id {
-                s.lower(id, ctx.b, ctx.output);
+                s.lower(ctx.ctx);
             }
         }
         let mut fns = Vec::new();
         for f in &fn_nodes {
-            fns.push(f.lower_name(ctx.b));
+            fns.push(f.lower(ctx.ctx));
         }
         for (f, id) in fn_nodes.iter().zip(fns) {
             if let Some(id) = id {
-                f.lower(id, ctx.b, ctx.imports, ctx.output)
+                f.lower(ctx.ctx);
             }
         }
         // then lower statements
         for s in statements {
             last = s.lower(ctx);
         }
-        ctx.b.pop();
+        ctx.ident_stack.pop();
         last
     }
 }
 
 impl FnLowerable for PStatement {
-    type Output = UIdent;
-    fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx) -> Option<UIdent> {
+    type Output = IdentID;
+    fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx) -> Option<IdentID> {
         match self {
             PStatement::Let(def, e) => {
-                let def = def.lower(ctx.b, ctx.output)?;
+                let def = def.lower(ctx.ctx)?;
                 let res = e.lower(ctx);
                 if let Some(res) = res {
-                    ctx.push(UInstruction::Mv {
-                        dst: def,
-                        src: res,
-                    });
+                    ctx.push(UInstruction::Mv { dst: def, src: res });
                 }
                 None
             }
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/lower/def.rs b/src/parser/v3/lower/def.rs
index 2293f3e..efe0bd0 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/lower/def.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/lower/def.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,23 @@
-use crate::ir::{UProgram, UVar, VarID, UIdent};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use super::{CompilerOutput, Node, PVarDef};
+use crate::ir::{UVar, VarID};
+
+use super::{ModuleLowerCtx, Node, PVarDef};
 
 impl Node<PVarDef> {
-    pub fn lower(&self, program: &mut UProgram, output: &mut CompilerOutput) -> Option<VarID> {
+    pub fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut ModuleLowerCtx) -> Option<VarID> {
         let s = self.as_ref()?;
-        let name = s.name.as_ref().map_or("{error}", |v| v);
+        let name = s.name.as_ref().map_or("{error}", |v| v).to_string();
         let ty = match &s.ty {
-            Some(ty) => ty.lower(program, output),
-            None => program.infer(self.origin),
+            Some(ty) => ty.lower(ctx),
+            None => ctx.infer(),
         };
-        Some(UIdent {
-            id: program.def_searchable(name, Some(UVar { ty }), self.origin),
+        Some(ctx.def_var(UVar {
+            name,
+            ty,
             origin: self.origin,
-        })
+            parent: None,
+            children: HashMap::new(),
+        }))
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/lower/expr.rs b/src/parser/v3/lower/expr.rs
index ac506a8..3b0dc19 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/lower/expr.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/lower/expr.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use super::{func::FnLowerCtx, FnLowerable, PExpr, PostfixOp};
 use crate::{
-    ir::{Type, UData, UInstruction, UIdent, IdentID},
+    ir::{IdentID, IdentStatus, MemRes, Member, MemberID, MemberIdent, Type, UData, UInstruction},
     parser::InfixOp,
 };
 
@@ -9,22 +9,49 @@ impl FnLowerable for PExpr {
     fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx) -> Option<IdentID> {
         let mut e = self;
         let mut path = Vec::new();
-        while let PExpr::Member(node, ident) = e {
-            e = if let Some(t) = node.as_ref() {
-                path.push(ident);
-                &**t
-            } else {
-                return None;
-            };
+        let mut gargs = None;
+        loop {
+            match e {
+                PExpr::Member(node, ty, ident) => {
+                    e = if let Some(t) = node.as_ref() {
+                        ctx.origin = node.origin;
+                        path.push((ty, ident, gargs.unwrap_or_default()));
+                        &**t
+                    } else {
+                        return None;
+                    };
+                }
+                PExpr::Generic(node, nodes) => match gargs {
+                    None => gargs = Some(nodes.iter().map(|t| t.lower(ctx)).collect::<Vec<_>>()),
+                    Some(_) => {
+                        // this should cover the more specific area of ::<...>
+                        // but too lazy rn
+                        ctx.err("Cannot specify generics here".to_string());
+                        return None;
+                    }
+                },
+                _ => break,
+            }
         }
+        while let PExpr::Member(node, ty, ident) = e {}
+        if path.len() > 0 {
+            // UIdent {
+            //     origin: ctx.origin,
+            //     status: IdentStatus::Unres { base: (), path: () },
+            // }
+        }
+        let origin = ctx.origin;
         Some(match e {
             PExpr::Lit(l) => match l {
                 super::PLiteral::String(s) => {
-                    let dst = ctx.temp_var(ctx.origin, Type::Bits(8).slice(ctx.p));
+                    let sty = Type::Bits(8).slice(ctx.p);
+                    let dst = ctx.temp_var(origin, sty);
                     let data = s.as_bytes().to_vec();
+                    let dty = Type::Bits(8).arr(ctx.ctx.p, data.len() as u32);
+                    let dty = ctx.def_ty(dty);
                     let src = ctx.def_data(UData {
                         name: format!("string \"{}\"", s.replace("\n", "\\n")),
-                        ty: ctx.def_ty(Type::Bits(8).arr(ctx.b.p, data.len() as u32)),
+                        ty: dty,
                         content: data,
                     });
                     ctx.push(UInstruction::LoadSlice { dst, src });
@@ -32,7 +59,7 @@ impl FnLowerable for PExpr {
                 }
                 super::PLiteral::Char(c) => {
                     let ty = ctx.def_ty(Type::Bits(8));
-                    let dst = ctx.temp_var(ctx.origin, ty.clone());
+                    let dst = ctx.temp_var(origin, ty.clone());
                     let src = ctx.def_data(UData {
                         name: format!("char '{c}'"),
                         ty,
@@ -44,7 +71,7 @@ impl FnLowerable for PExpr {
                 super::PLiteral::Number(n) => {
                     // TODO: temp
                     let ty = ctx.def_ty(Type::Bits(64));
-                    let dst = ctx.temp_var(ctx.origin, ty.clone());
+                    let dst = ctx.temp_var(origin, ty.clone());
                     let src = ctx.def_data(UData {
                         name: format!("num {n:?}"),
                         ty,
@@ -53,9 +80,9 @@ impl FnLowerable for PExpr {
                     ctx.push(UInstruction::LoadData { dst, src });
                     dst
                 }
-                super::PLiteral::Unit => ctx.temp_var(ctx.origin, Type::Unit),
+                super::PLiteral::Unit => ctx.temp_var(origin, Type::Unit),
             },
-            PExpr::Ident(i) => ctx.var(i),
+            PExpr::Ident(i) => ctx.ident(i),
             PExpr::BinaryOp(op, e1, e2) => match op {
                 InfixOp::Add => todo!(),
                 InfixOp::Sub => todo!(),
@@ -77,7 +104,7 @@ impl FnLowerable for PExpr {
                 let res = e.lower(ctx)?;
                 match op {
                     PostfixOp::Ref => {
-                        let ty = Type::Ref(ctx.b.infer());
+                        let ty = Type::Ref(ctx.ctx.infer());
                         let dest = ctx.temp(ty);
                         ctx.push(UInstruction::Ref {
                             dst: dest,
@@ -86,7 +113,7 @@ impl FnLowerable for PExpr {
                         dest
                     }
                     PostfixOp::Deref => {
-                        let ty = Type::Deref(ctx.b.infer());
+                        let ty = Type::Deref(ctx.ctx.infer());
                         let dst = ctx.temp(ty);
                         ctx.push(UInstruction::Deref { dst, src: res });
                         dst
@@ -121,20 +148,20 @@ impl FnLowerable for PExpr {
             }
             PExpr::If(cond, body) => {
                 let cond = cond.lower(ctx)?;
-                ctx.var_stack.push();
+                ctx.ident_stack.push();
                 let mut body_ctx = ctx.branch();
                 body.lower(&mut body_ctx);
                 let body = body_ctx.instructions;
-                ctx.var_stack.pop();
+                ctx.ident_stack.pop();
                 ctx.push(UInstruction::If { cond, body });
                 return None;
             }
             PExpr::Loop(body) => {
-                ctx.var_stack.push();
+                ctx.ident_stack.push();
                 let mut body_ctx = ctx.branch();
                 body.lower(&mut body_ctx);
                 let body = body_ctx.instructions;
-                ctx.var_stack.pop();
+                ctx.ident_stack.pop();
                 ctx.push(UInstruction::Loop { body });
                 return None;
             }
@@ -146,13 +173,34 @@ impl FnLowerable for PExpr {
                 ctx.push(UInstruction::Continue);
                 return None;
             }
-            PExpr::Member(e, name) => {
-                ctx.err("Can't access a member here".to_string());
+            PExpr::Member(e, ty, name) => {
+                let id = e.lower(ctx)?;
+                let name_str = name.as_ref()?.0;
+                let cur = &mut ctx.p.idents[id];
+                match cur.status {
+                    IdentStatus::Res(res) => {
+                        cur.status = IdentStatus::Unres {
+                            base: MemRes {
+                                mem: Member {
+                                    id: MemberID
+                                },
+                                origin: (),
+                                gargs: (),
+                            },
+                            path: (),
+                        }
+                    }
+                    IdentStatus::Unres { base, path } => path.push(MemberIdent {
+                        ty: *ty,
+                        name: name_str,
+                        origin: name.origin,
+                        gargs: Vec::new(),
+                    }),
+                    IdentStatus::Failed(res_err) => return None,
+                    IdentStatus::Cooked => return None,
+                }
                 return None;
             }
-            PExpr::Field(e, name) => {
-                todo!()
-            }
         })
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/lower/func.rs b/src/parser/v3/lower/func.rs
index 75efa99..1b14b67 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/lower/func.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/lower/func.rs
@@ -1,74 +1,68 @@
-use std::{
-    collections::HashMap,
-    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
-};
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 
-use super::{CompilerMsg, CompilerOutput, FileSpan, FnLowerable, Imports, Node, PFunction};
+use super::{CompilerMsg, FileSpan, ModuleLowerCtx, Node, PFunction, Typable};
 use crate::{
     ir::{
-        FnID, GenericID, ModPath, Origin, Typable, Type, UFunc, UInstrInst, UInstruction,
-        UModuleBuilder, VarID, UIdent, IdentID, IdentStatus,
+        FnID, IdentID, IdentStatus, MemRes, Member, MemberID, MemberIdent, MemberPath, MemberTy,
+        Origin, Res, Type, UFunc, UIdent, UInstrInst, UInstruction,
     },
     parser,
-    util::NameStack,
 };
 
 impl Node<PFunction> {
-    pub fn lower(
-        &self,
-        b: &mut UModuleBuilder,
-        imports: &mut Imports,
-        output: &mut CompilerOutput,
-    ) -> Option<FnID> {
-        self.as_ref()
-            .map(|s| s.lower(b, imports, output, self.origin))
-            .flatten()
+    pub fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut ModuleLowerCtx) -> Option<FnID> {
+        self.as_ref().map(|s| s.lower(ctx, self.origin)).flatten()
     }
 }
 
 impl PFunction {
-    pub fn lower(
-        &self,
-        b: &mut UModuleBuilder,
-        imports: &mut Imports,
-        output: &mut CompilerOutput,
-        origin: Origin,
-    ) -> Option<FnID> {
+    pub fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut ModuleLowerCtx, origin: Origin) -> Option<FnID> {
         let header = self.header.as_ref()?;
         let name = header.name.as_ref()?.0.clone();
         let (generics, args, ret) = if let Some(header) = self.header.as_ref() {
             (
-                header.gargs.iter().flat_map(|a| a.lower(b)).collect(),
+                header
+                    .gargs
+                    .iter()
+                    .flat_map(|a| a.lower(ctx).map(|g| (g.0, g.1, a.origin)))
+                    .collect(),
                 header
                     .args
                     .iter()
-                    .flat_map(|a| Some(a.lower(b, output)?))
+                    .flat_map(|a| Some(a.lower(ctx)?))
                     .collect(),
                 match &header.ret {
-                    Some(ty) => ty.lower(b, output),
-                    None => b.def_ty(Type::Unit),
+                    Some(ty) => ty.lower(ctx),
+                    None => ctx.def_ty(Type::Unit),
                 },
             )
         } else {
-            (Vec::new(), Vec::new(), b.tc.error)
+            (Vec::new(), Vec::new(), ctx.tc.error)
         };
         let gargs = generics.iter().map(|g| g.1).collect();
-        let generics = generics.into_iter().collect();
+        let generics = generics
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|g| {
+                (
+                    g.0,
+                    ctx.def_ident(UIdent {
+                        status: IdentStatus::Res(Res::Generic(g.1)),
+                        origin: g.2,
+                    }),
+                )
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        ctx.ident_stack.extend(generics.into_iter());
         let instructions = {
-            let mut var_stack = NameStack::new();
-            let mut ctx = FnLowerCtx {
+            let mut fctx = FnLowerCtx {
                 instructions: Vec::new(),
-                var_stack: &mut var_stack,
-                b,
-                output,
+                ctx,
                 origin: self.body.origin,
-                generics: &generics,
-                imports,
             };
-            let res = self.body.lower(&mut ctx);
-            let mut instructions = ctx.instructions;
+            let res = self.body.lower(&mut fctx);
+            let mut instructions = fctx.instructions;
             if let Some(src) = res {
-                let origin = b.idents[src].origin;
+                let origin = ctx.idents[src].origin;
                 instructions.push(UInstrInst {
                     origin,
                     i: UInstruction::Ret { src },
@@ -84,35 +78,37 @@ impl PFunction {
             ret,
             instructions,
         };
-        Some(b.def_fn(f))
+        Some(ctx.def_fn(f))
     }
 }
 
 pub struct FnLowerCtx<'a, 'b> {
-    pub b: &'a mut UModuleBuilder<'b>,
+    pub ctx: &'a mut ModuleLowerCtx<'b>,
     pub instructions: Vec<UInstrInst>,
-    pub output: &'a mut CompilerOutput,
     pub origin: FileSpan,
-    pub imports: &'a mut Imports,
-    pub var_stack: &'a mut NameStack<VarID>,
-    pub generics: &'a HashMap<String, GenericID>,
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'b> FnLowerCtx<'a, 'b> {
-    pub fn var(&mut self, node: &Node<parser::PIdent>) -> IdentID {
+    pub fn ident(&mut self, node: &Node<parser::PIdent>) -> IdentID {
         let inst = UIdent {
             status: if let Some(n) = node.as_ref() {
-                if let Some(&var) = self.var_stack.search(&n.0) {
-                    IdentStatus::Var(var)
+                if let Some(&res) = self.ident_stack.search(&n.0) {
+                    return res;
                 } else {
                     IdentStatus::Unres {
-                        path: ModPath {
-                            id: self.b.module,
-                            path: Vec::new(),
+                        path: vec![MemberIdent {
+                            ty: MemberTy::Member,
+                            name: n.0.clone(),
+                            origin: node.origin,
+                            gargs: Vec::new(),
+                        }],
+                        base: MemRes {
+                            mem: Member {
+                                id: MemberID::Module(self.module),
+                            },
+                            origin: self.origin,
+                            gargs: Vec::new(),
                         },
-                        name: n.0.clone(),
-                        gargs: Vec::new(),
-                        fields: Vec::new(),
                     }
                 }
             } else {
@@ -120,16 +116,17 @@ impl<'a, 'b> FnLowerCtx<'a, 'b> {
             },
             origin: node.origin,
         };
-        self.def_var_inst(inst)
+        self.def_ident(inst)
     }
     pub fn err(&mut self, msg: String) {
-        self.output.err(CompilerMsg::new(msg, self.origin))
+        let origin = self.origin;
+        self.output.err(CompilerMsg::new(msg, origin))
     }
     pub fn err_at(&mut self, span: FileSpan, msg: String) {
         self.output.err(CompilerMsg::new(msg, span))
     }
     pub fn temp<T: Typable>(&mut self, ty: T) -> IdentID {
-        self.b.temp_var(self.origin, ty)
+        self.ctx.temp_var(self.origin, ty)
     }
     pub fn push(&mut self, i: UInstruction) {
         self.push_at(i, self.origin);
@@ -139,27 +136,46 @@ impl<'a, 'b> FnLowerCtx<'a, 'b> {
     }
     pub fn branch<'c>(&'c mut self) -> FnLowerCtx<'c, 'b> {
         FnLowerCtx {
-            b: self.b,
+            ctx: self.ctx,
             instructions: Vec::new(),
-            generics: self.generics,
-            var_stack: self.var_stack,
-            output: self.output,
             origin: self.origin,
-            imports: self.imports,
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl<'b> Deref for FnLowerCtx<'_, 'b> {
-    type Target = UModuleBuilder<'b>;
+    type Target = ModuleLowerCtx<'b>;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        self.b
+        self.ctx
     }
 }
 
 impl DerefMut for FnLowerCtx<'_, '_> {
     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
-        self.b
+        self.ctx
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait FnLowerable {
+    type Output;
+    fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx) -> Option<Self::Output>;
+}
+
+impl<T: FnLowerable> FnLowerable for Node<T> {
+    type Output = T::Output;
+    fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx) -> Option<T::Output> {
+        let old_span = ctx.origin;
+        ctx.origin = self.origin;
+        let res = self.as_ref()?.lower(ctx);
+        ctx.origin = old_span;
+        res
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: FnLowerable> FnLowerable for Box<T> {
+    type Output = T::Output;
+    fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx) -> Option<T::Output> {
+        self.as_ref().lower(ctx)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/lower/mod.rs b/src/parser/v3/lower/mod.rs
index 98b65b8..6eb1e90 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/lower/mod.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/lower/mod.rs
@@ -4,65 +4,131 @@ mod block;
 mod def;
 mod expr;
 mod func;
+mod map;
 mod struc;
 mod ty;
-mod map;
+
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
+};
 
 use super::*;
-use crate::ir::{Type, UFunc, UModuleBuilder};
+use crate::{
+    ir::{
+        IdentID, IdentStatus, ModID, Origin, Res, Type, TypeID, UFunc, UIdent, UModule, UProgram,
+        UVar,
+    },
+    util::NameStack,
+};
+pub use func::{FnLowerCtx, FnLowerable};
 
 impl PModule {
     pub fn lower(
         &self,
         path: Vec<String>,
-        p: &mut UModuleBuilder,
+        p: &mut UProgram,
         imports: &mut Imports,
         output: &mut CompilerOutput,
-    ) {
+    ) -> ModID {
         let name = path.last().unwrap().clone();
-        p.set_module(path);
-        let fid = p.def_searchable(&name, None, self.block.origin);
-        p.push_name(&name);
-        let mut fctx = FnLowerCtx {
-            b: p,
+        let f = UFunc {
+            name: name.clone(),
+            args: Vec::new(),
+            instructions: Vec::new(),
+            gargs: Vec::new(),
+            ret: p.def_ty(Type::Unit),
+            origin: self.block.origin,
+        };
+        let fid = p.def_fn(f);
+        let mid = p.def_module(UModule {
+            name,
+            members: HashMap::new(),
+            parent: None,
+            func: fid,
+        });
+        let mut ctx = ModuleLowerCtx {
+            p,
+            output,
+            module: mid,
+            temp: 0,
+            ident_stack: NameStack::new(),
+        };
+        let mut fctx = FnLowerCtx {
+            ctx: &mut ctx,
             instructions: Vec::new(),
-            output,
             origin: self.block.origin,
-            imports,
         };
         self.block.lower(&mut fctx);
-        let f = UFunc {
-            args: Vec::new(),
-            instructions: fctx.instructions,
-            ret: Type::Unit,
+        p.fns[fid].instructions = fctx.instructions;
+        mid
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ModuleLowerCtx<'a> {
+    pub p: &'a mut UProgram,
+    pub output: &'a mut CompilerOutput,
+    pub module: ModID,
+    pub temp: usize,
+    pub ident_stack: NameStack<IdentID>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> ModuleLowerCtx<'a> {
+    pub fn new(program: &'a mut UProgram, output: &'a mut CompilerOutput, id: ModID) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            p: program,
+            output,
+            module: id,
+            temp: 0,
+            ident_stack: NameStack::new(),
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn temp_var(&mut self, origin: Origin, ty: impl Typable) -> IdentID {
+        self.temp_var_inner(origin, ty)
+    }
+    fn temp_var_inner(&mut self, origin: Origin, ty: impl Typable) -> IdentID {
+        let var = UVar {
+            name: format!("temp{}", self.temp),
+            ty: ty.ty(self),
+            origin,
+            parent: None,
+            children: HashMap::new(),
         };
-        p.write(fid, f);
-        p.pop_name();
+        let id = self.p.def_var(var);
+        self.temp += 1;
+        self.def_ident(UIdent {
+            status: IdentStatus::Res(Res::Var(id)),
+            origin,
+        })
     }
 }
 
-pub use func::FnLowerCtx;
-use import::Imports;
-
-pub trait FnLowerable {
-    type Output;
-    fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx) -> Option<Self::Output>;
+pub trait Typable {
+    fn ty(self, p: &mut UProgram) -> TypeID;
 }
 
-impl<T: FnLowerable> FnLowerable for Node<T> {
-    type Output = T::Output;
-    fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx) -> Option<T::Output> {
-        let old_span = ctx.origin;
-        ctx.origin = self.origin;
-        let res = self.as_ref()?.lower(ctx);
-        ctx.origin = old_span;
-        res
+impl Typable for Type {
+    fn ty(self, p: &mut UProgram) -> TypeID {
+        p.def_ty(self)
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: FnLowerable> FnLowerable for Box<T> {
-    type Output = T::Output;
-    fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut FnLowerCtx) -> Option<T::Output> {
-        self.as_ref().lower(ctx)
+impl Typable for TypeID {
+    fn ty(self, p: &mut UProgram) -> TypeID {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for ModuleLowerCtx<'_> {
+    type Target = UProgram;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        self.p
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for ModuleLowerCtx<'_> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        self.p
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/lower/struc.rs b/src/parser/v3/lower/struc.rs
index 8870613..62d4077 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/lower/struc.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/lower/struc.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,16 @@
 use crate::{
-    common::{CompilerOutput, FileSpan},
-    ir::{StructField, StructID, UModuleBuilder, UProgram, UStruct},
-    parser::{Node, PStruct, PStructFields},
+    common::FileSpan,
+    ir::{StructField, StructID, UStruct},
+    parser::{PStruct, PStructFields},
 };
 
+use super::ModuleLowerCtx;
+
 impl PStruct {
-    pub fn lower(
-        &self,
-        id: StructID,
-        b: &mut UModuleBuilder,
-        output: &mut CompilerOutput,
-        span: FileSpan,
-    ) -> Option<()> {
-        let generics = self.generics.iter().flat_map(|a| a.lower(b)).collect();
+    pub fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut ModuleLowerCtx, span: FileSpan) -> Option<StructID> {
+        ctx.ident_stack.push();
+        let gmap: Vec<_> = self.generics.iter().flat_map(|a| a.lower(ctx)).collect();
+        let gargs = gmap.iter().map(|(_, id)| *id).collect();
         let fields = match &self.fields {
             PStructFields::Named(nodes) => nodes
                 .iter()
@@ -20,7 +18,7 @@ impl PStruct {
                     let def = n.as_ref()?;
                     let name = def.name.as_ref()?.to_string();
                     let tynode = def.ty.as_ref()?;
-                    let ty = tynode.lower(b, output);
+                    let ty = tynode.lower(ctx);
                     Some((name, ty))
                 })
                 .collect(),
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ impl PStruct {
                 .iter()
                 .enumerate()
                 .flat_map(|(i, n)| {
-                    let ty = n.as_ref()?.lower(b, output, span);
+                    let ty = n.as_ref()?.lower(ctx, span);
                     Some((format!("{i}"), ty))
                 })
                 .collect(),
@@ -38,21 +36,12 @@ impl PStruct {
         .map(|(name, ty)| (name, StructField { ty }))
         .collect();
         let name = self.name.as_ref()?.to_string();
-        b.def_data(UStruct {
+        ctx.ident_stack.pop();
+        Some(ctx.def_struct(UStruct {
             name,
-            gargs: generics,
+            gargs,
             fields,
             origin: span,
-        });
-        Some(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl Node<PStruct> {
-    pub fn lower(&self, id: StructID, p: &mut UProgram, output: &mut CompilerOutput) -> Option<()> {
-        let s = self.as_ref()?;
-        let name = s.name.as_ref()?;
-        s.lower(id, p, output, self.origin);
-        Some(())
+        }))
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/lower/ty.rs b/src/parser/v3/lower/ty.rs
index 88dd54a..229c880 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/lower/ty.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/lower/ty.rs
@@ -1,76 +1,76 @@
 use crate::{
-    ir::{GenericID, MemberID, ModPath, Type, TypeID, UGeneric, UModuleBuilder, UProgram},
+    ir::{GenericID, MemberIdent, MemberPath, Type, TypeID, UGeneric, UProgram},
     parser::PGenericDef,
 };
 
-use super::{CompilerOutput, FileSpan, Node, PType};
+use super::{FileSpan, ModuleLowerCtx, Node, PType};
 
 impl Node<Box<PType>> {
-    pub fn lower(&self, p: &mut UModuleBuilder, output: &mut CompilerOutput) -> TypeID {
+    pub fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut ModuleLowerCtx) -> TypeID {
         self.as_ref()
-            .map(|t| t.lower(p, output, self.origin))
-            .unwrap_or(p.error)
+            .map(|t| t.lower(ctx, self.origin))
+            .unwrap_or(ctx.tc.error)
     }
 }
 impl Node<PType> {
-    pub fn lower(&self, p: &mut UModuleBuilder, output: &mut CompilerOutput) -> TypeID {
+    pub fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut ModuleLowerCtx) -> TypeID {
         self.as_ref()
-            .map(|t| t.lower(p, output, self.origin))
-            .unwrap_or(p.error)
+            .map(|t| t.lower(ctx, self.origin))
+            .unwrap_or(ctx.tc.error)
     }
 }
 
-fn test() {}
-
 impl PType {
-    pub fn lower(
-        &self,
-        p: &mut UModuleBuilder,
-        output: &mut CompilerOutput,
-        mut origin: FileSpan,
-    ) -> TypeID {
+    pub fn lower(&self, ctx: &mut ModuleLowerCtx, mut origin: FileSpan) -> TypeID {
         let mut ty = self;
         let mut path = Vec::new();
         while let PType::Member(node, ident) = ty {
             ty = if let Some(t) = node.as_ref() {
                 let Some(name) = ident.as_ref() else {
-                    return p.error;
+                    return ctx.tc.error;
                 };
                 origin = node.origin;
-                path.push(MemberID {
+                path.push(MemberIdent {
                     name: name.0.clone(),
                     origin: ident.origin,
                 });
                 &**t
             } else {
-                return p.error;
+                return ctx.tc.error;
             };
         }
         if !path.is_empty() {
             let PType::Ident(id) = ty else {
-                return p.error;
+                return ctx.tc.error;
             };
-            path.push(MemberID {
+            path.push(MemberIdent {
                 name: id.0.clone(),
                 origin,
             });
-            let ty = Type::Unres(ModPath { id: p.module, path });
-            return p.def_ty(ty);
+            path.reverse();
+            let ty = Type::Unres(MemberPath {
+                id: ctx.module,
+                path,
+            });
+            return ctx.def_ty(ty);
         }
         let ty = match ty {
             PType::Member(_, _) => unreachable!(),
             PType::Ident(node) => {
-                path.push(MemberID {
+                path.push(MemberIdent {
                     name: node.0.clone(),
                     origin,
                 });
                 path.reverse();
-                Type::Unres(ModPath { id: p.module, path })
+                Type::Unres(MemberPath {
+                    id: ctx.module,
+                    path,
+                })
             }
-            PType::Ref(node) => node.lower(p, output).rf(),
+            PType::Ref(node) => node.lower(ctx).rf(),
             PType::Generic(node, nodes) => todo!(),
         };
-        p.def_ty(ty)
+        ctx.def_ty(ty)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/parser/v3/nodes/expr.rs b/src/parser/v3/nodes/expr.rs
index 73501c7..5101319 100644
--- a/src/parser/v3/nodes/expr.rs
+++ b/src/parser/v3/nodes/expr.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Write};
 
-use crate::{common::FilePos, parser::NodeParsableWith};
+use crate::{common::FilePos, ir::MemberTy, parser::NodeParsableWith};
 
 use super::{
     op::{InfixOp, PostfixOp},
     util::parse_list,
-    CompilerMsg, Keyword, Node, PAsmBlock, PBlock, PIdent, PLiteral, PMap, Parsable, ParseResult,
-    ParserCtx, Symbol,
+    CompilerMsg, Keyword, Node, PAsmBlock, PBlock, PIdent, PLiteral, PMap, PType, Parsable,
+    ParseResult, ParserCtx, Symbol,
 };
 
 type BoxNode = Node<Box<PExpr>>;
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ pub enum PExpr {
     Block(Node<PBlock>),
     Call(BoxNode, Vec<Node<PExpr>>),
     Group(BoxNode),
-    Field(BoxNode, Node<PIdent>),
-    Member(BoxNode, Node<PIdent>),
+    Member(BoxNode, MemberTy, Node<PIdent>),
+    Generic(BoxNode, Vec<Node<PType>>),
     AsmBlock(Node<PAsmBlock>),
     Construct(BoxNode, Node<PMap>),
     If(BoxNode, BoxNode),
@@ -65,16 +65,25 @@ impl PExpr {
                 e1 = Self::Call(Node::new(e1, span).bx(), args);
                 continue;
             } else if next.is_symbol(Symbol::OpenCurly) {
+                ctx.next();
                 let map = ctx.parse()?;
                 e1 = Self::Construct(Node::new(e1, span).bx(), map);
                 continue;
             } else if next.is_symbol(Symbol::Dot) {
+                ctx.next();
                 let field = ctx.parse()?;
-                e1 = Self::Field(Node::new(e1, span).bx(), field);
+                e1 = Self::Member(Node::new(e1, span).bx(), MemberTy::Field, field);
                 continue;
             } else if next.is_symbol(Symbol::DoubleColon) {
-                let field = ctx.parse()?;
-                e1 = Self::Member(Node::new(e1, span).bx(), field);
+                ctx.next();
+                if ctx.peek().is_some_and(|i| i.is_symbol(Symbol::OpenAngle)) {
+                    ctx.next();
+                    let gargs = parse_list(ctx, Symbol::CloseAngle)?;
+                    e1 = Self::Generic(Node::new(e1, span).bx(), gargs);
+                } else {
+                    let field = ctx.parse()?;
+                    e1 = Self::Member(Node::new(e1, span).bx(), MemberTy::Member, field);
+                }
                 continue;
             } else if let Some(op) = PostfixOp::from_token(next) {
                 ctx.next();
@@ -185,13 +194,13 @@ impl Debug for PExpr {
             PExpr::PostfixOp(e, op) => write!(f, "({:?}{})", e, op.str())?,
             PExpr::Group(inner) => inner.fmt(f)?,
             PExpr::AsmBlock(inner) => inner.fmt(f)?,
-            PExpr::Construct(node, inner) => inner.fmt(f)?,
+            PExpr::Construct(node, inner) => write!(f, "{:?}{:?}", node, inner)?,
             PExpr::If(cond, res) => write!(f, "if {cond:?} then {res:?}")?,
             PExpr::Loop(res) => write!(f, "loop -> {res:?}")?,
             PExpr::Break => write!(f, "break")?,
             PExpr::Continue => write!(f, "continue")?,
-            PExpr::Field(e1, name) => write!(f, "{:?}.{:?}", e1, name)?,
-            PExpr::Member(e1, name) => write!(f, "{:?}::{:?}", e1, name)?,
+            PExpr::Member(e1, ty, name) => write!(f, "{:?}{}{:?}", e1, ty.sep(), name)?,
+            PExpr::Generic(e1, gargs) => write!(f, "{:?}<{:?}>", e1, gargs)?,
         }
         Ok(())
     }
diff --git a/src/util/name_stack.rs b/src/util/name_stack.rs
index 00e1079..f42a863 100644
--- a/src/util/name_stack.rs
+++ b/src/util/name_stack.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,45 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-pub struct NameStack<T>(Vec<HashMap<String, T>>);
+pub struct NameStack<T> {
+    base: HashMap<String, T>,
+    levels: Vec<HashMap<String, T>>,
+}
 
 impl<T> NameStack<T> {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self(vec![HashMap::new()])
+        Self {
+            base: HashMap::new(),
+            levels: Vec::new(),
+        }
     }
     pub fn search(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&T> {
-        for level in self.0.iter().rev() {
+        for level in self.levels.iter().rev() {
             if let Some(v) = level.get(name) {
                 return Some(v);
             }
         }
-        None
+        self.base.get(name)
     }
     pub fn push(&mut self) {
-        self.0.push(HashMap::new());
+        self.levels.push(HashMap::new());
     }
     pub fn pop(&mut self) {
-        self.0.pop();
+        self.levels.pop();
+    }
+    fn cur(&mut self) -> &mut HashMap<String, T> {
+        self.levels.last_mut().unwrap_or(&mut self.base)
+    }
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, name: String, v: T) -> bool {
+        let cur = self.cur();
+        if cur.contains_key(&name) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        cur.insert(name, v);
+        false
+    }
+    pub fn extend(&mut self, iter: impl Iterator<Item = (String, T)>) {
+        for (name, v) in iter {
+            self.insert(name, v);
+        }
     }
 }