didn't actually remove state on widget remove (mem leak)

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [package]
 name = "iris"
-default-run = "test"
 version.workspace = true
 edition.workspace = true
 
@@ -16,6 +15,10 @@ arboard = { workspace = true, features = ["wayland-data-control"] }
 pollster = { workspace = true }
 wgpu = { workspace = true }
 image = { workspace = true }
+tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["sync", "rt", "rt-multi-thread"] }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["sync", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "time"] }
 
 [workspace]
 members = ["core", "macro"]
@@ -27,12 +30,13 @@ edition = "2024"
 [workspace.dependencies]
 pollster = "0.4.0"
 winit = "0.30.12"
-wgpu = "27.0.1"
+wgpu = "28.0.0"
 bytemuck = "1.23.1"
 image = "0.25.6"
-cosmic-text = "0.15.0"
+cosmic-text = "0.16.0"
 unicode-segmentation = "1.12.0"
 fxhash = "0.2.1"
 arboard = "3.6.1"
 iris-core = { path = "core" }
 iris-macro = { path = "macro" }
+tokio = "1.49.0"

core/src/attr.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,22 @@
-use crate::{HasUi, StateLike, WidgetIdFn, WidgetLike, WidgetRef};
+use crate::{UiRsc, WidgetIdFn, WidgetLike, WeakWidget};
 
-pub trait WidgetAttr<State, W: ?Sized> {
+pub trait WidgetAttr<Rsc, W: ?Sized> {
     type Input;
-    fn run(state: &mut State, id: WidgetRef<W>, input: Self::Input);
+    fn run(rsc: &mut Rsc, id: WeakWidget<W>, input: Self::Input);
 }
 
-pub trait Attrable<State, W: ?Sized, Tag> {
+pub trait Attrable<Rsc, W: ?Sized, Tag> {
-    fn attr<A: WidgetAttr<State, W>>(self, input: A::Input) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State, W>;
+    fn attr<A: WidgetAttr<Rsc, W>>(self, input: A::Input) -> impl WidgetIdFn<Rsc, W>;
 }
 
-impl<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, WL: WidgetLike<State, Tag>, Tag>
+impl<Rsc: UiRsc, WL: WidgetLike<Rsc, Tag>, Tag> Attrable<Rsc, WL::Widget, Tag> for WL {
-    Attrable<State, WL::Widget, Tag> for WL
+    fn attr<A: WidgetAttr<Rsc, WL::Widget>>(
-{
-    fn attr<A: WidgetAttr<State, WL::Widget>>(
         self,
         input: A::Input,
-    ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State, WL::Widget> {
+    ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<Rsc, WL::Widget> {
-        |state| {
+        |rsc| {
-            let id = self.add(state);
+            let id = self.add(rsc);
-            A::run(state, id, input);
+            A::run(rsc, id, input);
             id
         }
     }

core/src/event/ctx.rs

@@ -1,116 +1,18 @@
-use crate::{HasEvents, HasState, HasUi, StateLike, Ui, Widget, WidgetRef};
+use crate::{HasEvents, WeakWidget, Widget};
-use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 
-pub struct EventCtx<'a, State, Data> {
+pub struct EventCtx<'a, Rsc: HasEvents, Data> {
-    pub state: &'a mut State,
+    pub state: &'a mut Rsc::State,
-    pub data: &'a mut Data,
+    pub data: Data,
 }
 
-pub struct EventIdCtx<'a, State, Data, W: ?Sized> {
+pub struct EventIdCtx<'a, Rsc: HasEvents, Data, W: ?Sized> {
-    pub widget: WidgetRef<W>,
+    pub widget: WeakWidget<W>,
-    pub state: &'a mut State,
+    pub state: &'a mut Rsc::State,
-    pub data: &'a mut Data,
+    pub data: Data,
 }
 
-impl<State: HasUi, Data, W: ?Sized> Deref for EventIdCtx<'_, State, Data, W> {
+impl<Rsc: HasEvents, Data, W: Widget> EventIdCtx<'_, Rsc, Data, W> {
-    type Target = State;
+    pub fn widget<'a>(&self, rsc: &'a mut Rsc) -> &'a mut W {
-
+        &mut rsc.ui_mut().widgets[self.widget]
-    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        self.state
     }
 }
-
-impl<State: HasUi, Data, W: ?Sized> DerefMut for EventIdCtx<'_, State, Data, W> {
-    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
-        self.state
-    }
-}
-
-impl<State: HasUi, Data, W: Widget> EventIdCtx<'_, State, Data, W> {
-    pub fn widget(&mut self) -> &mut W {
-        &mut self.state.get_mut()[self.widget]
-    }
-}
-
-impl<State: HasUi, Data, W: Widget> HasUi for EventIdCtx<'_, State, Data, W> {
-    fn get(&self) -> &Ui {
-        self.state.ui()
-    }
-
-    fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Ui {
-        self.state.ui_mut()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<State: HasUi, Data, W: Widget> HasState for EventIdCtx<'_, State, Data, W> {
-    type State = State;
-}
-
-impl<State: HasEvents<State = State>, Data, W: Widget> HasEvents
-    for EventIdCtx<'_, State, Data, W>
-{
-    fn get(&self) -> &super::EventManager<Self::State> {
-        self.state.events()
-    }
-
-    fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut super::EventManager<Self::State> {
-        self.state.events_mut()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<State, Data, W: Widget> StateLike<State> for EventIdCtx<'_, State, Data, W> {
-    fn as_state(&mut self) -> &mut State {
-        self.state
-    }
-}
-
-// fn test() {
-//     use crate::*;
-//     struct ClientRsc;
-//     impl<State, Data> HasUi for EventCtx<'_, State, Data> {
-//         fn get(&self) -> &Ui {
-//             todo!()
-//         }
-//
-//         fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Ui {
-//             todo!()
-//         }
-//     }
-//     fn on(_: impl for<'a> EventFn<ClientRsc, &'a mut i32>) {}
-//
-//     pub trait WidgetLike<State: HasUi, Tag>: Sized {
-//         type Widget: Widget + ?Sized + std::marker::Unsize<dyn Widget>;
-//
-//         fn add(self, state: &mut State) -> WidgetHandle<Self::Widget>;
-//
-//         fn with_id<W2>(
-//             self,
-//             f: impl FnOnce(&mut State, WidgetHandle<Self::Widget>) -> WidgetHandle<W2>,
-//         ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State, W2> {
-//             move |state| {
-//                 let id = self.add(state);
-//                 f(state, id)
-//             }
-//         }
-//
-//         fn set_root(self, state: &mut State) {
-//             state.get_mut().root = Some(self.add(state));
-//         }
-//
-//         fn handles(self, state: &mut State) -> WidgetHandles<Self::Widget> {
-//             self.add(state).handles()
-//         }
-//     }
-//
-//     pub struct WidgetTag;
-//     impl<State: HasUi, W: Widget> WidgetLike<State, WidgetTag> for W {
-//         type Widget = W;
-//         fn add(self, state: &mut State) -> WidgetHandle<W> {
-//             state.get_mut().add_widget(self)
-//         }
-//     }
-//
-//     on(move |ctx| {
-//         ().add(ctx);
-//     });
-// }

core/src/event/manager.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 use crate::{
-    ActiveData, Event, EventCtx, EventFn, EventIdCtx, EventLike, IdLike, LayerId, Widget,
+    ActiveData, Event, EventCtx, EventFn, EventIdCtx, EventLike, HasEvents, IdLike, LayerId,
-    WidgetEventFn, WidgetId, WidgetRef,
+    WeakWidget, Widget, WidgetEventFn, WidgetId,
     util::{HashMap, HashSet, TypeMap},
 };
 use std::{any::TypeId, rc::Rc};
 
-pub struct EventManager<State> {
+pub struct EventManager<Rsc> {
     widget_to_types: HashMap<WidgetId, HashSet<TypeId>>,
-    types: TypeMap<dyn EventManagerLike<State>>,
+    types: TypeMap<dyn EventManagerLike<Rsc>>,
 }
 
-impl<State> Default for EventManager<State> {
+impl<Rsc> Default for EventManager<Rsc> {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
             widget_to_types: Default::default(),
@@ -19,16 +19,16 @@ impl<State> Default for EventManager<State> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<State: 'static> EventManager<State> {
+impl<Rsc: HasEvents + 'static> EventManager<Rsc> {
-    pub fn get_type<E: EventLike>(&mut self) -> &mut TypeEventManager<State, E::Event> {
+    pub fn get_type<E: EventLike>(&mut self) -> &mut TypeEventManager<Rsc, E::Event> {
         self.types.type_or_default()
     }
 
     pub fn register<W: Widget + ?Sized, E: EventLike>(
         &mut self,
-        id: WidgetRef<W>,
+        id: WeakWidget<W>,
         event: E,
-        f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<State, <E::Event as Event>::Data<'a>, W>,
+        f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<Rsc, <E::Event as Event>::Data<'a>, W>,
     ) {
         self.get_type::<E>().register(id, event, f);
         self.widget_to_types
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl<State: 'static> EventManager<State> {
     }
 
     pub fn type_key<E: EventLike>() -> TypeId {
-        TypeId::of::<TypeEventManager<State, E::Event>>()
+        TypeId::of::<TypeEventManager<Rsc, E::Event>>()
     }
 }
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pub trait EventsLike {
     fn undraw(&mut self, active: &ActiveData);
 }
 
-impl<State: 'static> EventsLike for EventManager<State> {
+impl<Rsc: HasEvents + 'static> EventsLike for EventManager<Rsc> {
     fn remove(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
         for t in self.widget_to_types.get(&id).into_flat_iter() {
             self.types.get_mut(t).unwrap().remove(id);
@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ pub trait EventManagerLike<State> {
     fn undraw(&mut self, data: &ActiveData);
 }
 
-type EventData<State, E> = (E, Rc<dyn for<'a> EventFn<State, <E as Event>::Data<'a>>>);
+type EventData<Rsc, E> = (E, Rc<dyn for<'a> EventFn<Rsc, <E as Event>::Data<'a>>>);
-pub struct TypeEventManager<State, E: Event> {
+pub struct TypeEventManager<Rsc: HasEvents, E: Event> {
     // TODO: reduce visiblity!!
     pub active: HashMap<LayerId, HashMap<WidgetId, E::State>>,
-    map: HashMap<WidgetId, Vec<EventData<State, E>>>,
+    map: HashMap<WidgetId, Vec<EventData<Rsc, E>>>,
 }
 
-impl<State, E: Event> EventManagerLike<State> for TypeEventManager<State, E> {
+impl<Rsc: HasEvents, E: Event> EventManagerLike<Rsc> for TypeEventManager<Rsc, E> {
     fn remove(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
         self.map.remove(&id);
         for layer in self.active.values_mut() {
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ impl<State, E: Event> EventManagerLike<State> for TypeEventManager<State, E> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<State, E: Event> Default for TypeEventManager<State, E> {
+impl<Rsc: HasEvents, E: Event> Default for TypeEventManager<Rsc, E> {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
             active: Default::default(),
@@ -111,23 +111,25 @@ impl<State, E: Event> Default for TypeEventManager<State, E> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<State: 'static, E: Event> TypeEventManager<State, E> {
+impl<Rsc: HasEvents + 'static, E: Event> TypeEventManager<Rsc, E> {
     fn register<W: Widget + ?Sized>(
         &mut self,
-        widget: WidgetRef<W>,
+        widget: WeakWidget<W>,
         event: impl EventLike<Event = E>,
-        f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<State, E::Data<'a>, W>,
+        f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<Rsc, E::Data<'a>, W>,
     ) {
         let event = event.into_event();
         self.map.entry(widget.id()).or_default().push((
             event,
-            Rc::new(move |ctx| {
+            Rc::new(move |ctx, rsc| {
-                let mut test = EventIdCtx {
+                f(
-                    widget,
+                    EventIdCtx {
-                    state: ctx.state,
+                        widget,
-                    data: ctx.data,
+                        state: ctx.state,
-                };
+                        data: ctx.data,
-                f(&mut test);
+                    },
+                    rsc,
+                );
             }),
         ));
     }
@@ -135,15 +137,18 @@ impl<State: 'static, E: Event> TypeEventManager<State, E> {
     pub fn run_fn<'a>(
         &mut self,
         id: impl IdLike,
-    ) -> impl for<'b> FnOnce(EventCtx<'_, State, E::Data<'b>>) + 'a {
+    ) -> impl for<'b> FnOnce(EventCtx<'_, Rsc, E::Data<'b>>, &mut Rsc) + 'a {
         let fs = self.map.get(&id.id()).cloned().unwrap_or_default();
-        move |ctx| {
+        move |ctx, rsc| {
             for (e, f) in fs {
-                if e.should_run(ctx.data) {
+                if let Some(data) = e.should_run(&ctx.data) {
-                    f(&mut EventCtx {
+                    f(
-                        state: ctx.state,
+                        EventCtx {
-                        data: ctx.data,
+                            state: ctx.state,
-                    })
+                            data,
+                        },
+                        rsc,
+                    )
                 }
             }
         }

core/src/event/mod.rs

@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ pub use manager::*;
 pub use rsc::*;
 
 pub trait Event: Sized + 'static + Clone {
-    type Data<'a> = ();
+    type Data<'a>: Clone = ();
     type State: Default = ();
     #[allow(unused_variables)]
-    fn should_run(&self, data: &mut Self::Data<'_>) -> bool {
+    fn should_run<'a>(&self, data: &Self::Data<'a>) -> Option<Self::Data<'a>> {
-        true
+        Some(data.clone())
     }
 }
 
@@ -28,14 +28,17 @@ impl<E: Event> EventLike for E {
     }
 }
 
-pub trait EventFn<State, Data>: Fn(&mut EventCtx<State, Data>) + 'static {}
+pub trait EventFn<Rsc: HasEvents, Data>: Fn(EventCtx<Rsc, Data>, &mut Rsc) + 'static {}
-impl<State, F: Fn(&mut EventCtx<State, Data>) + 'static, Data> EventFn<State, Data> for F {}
+impl<Rsc: HasEvents, F: Fn(EventCtx<Rsc, Data>, &mut Rsc) + 'static, Data> EventFn<Rsc, Data>
+    for F
+{
+}
 
-pub trait WidgetEventFn<State, Data, W: ?Sized>:
+pub trait WidgetEventFn<Rsc: HasEvents, Data, W: ?Sized>:
-    Fn(&mut EventIdCtx<State, Data, W>) + 'static
+    Fn(EventIdCtx<Rsc, Data, W>, &mut Rsc) + 'static
 {
 }
-impl<State, F: Fn(&mut EventIdCtx<State, Data, W>) + 'static, Data, W: ?Sized>
+impl<Rsc: HasEvents, F: Fn(EventIdCtx<Rsc, Data, W>, &mut Rsc) + 'static, Data, W: ?Sized>
-    WidgetEventFn<State, Data, W> for F
+    WidgetEventFn<Rsc, Data, W> for F
 {
 }

core/src/event/rsc.rs

@@ -1,41 +1,34 @@
 use crate::{
-    Event, EventCtx, EventLike, EventManager, HasUi, IdLike, Widget, WidgetEventFn, WidgetRef,
+    Event, EventCtx, EventLike, EventManager, IdLike, UiRsc, WeakWidget, Widget, WidgetEventFn,
 };
 
-pub trait HasState {
+pub trait HasState: 'static {
-    type State: HasUi;
+    type State;
 }
 
-pub trait HasEvents: Sized + HasState + HasUi {
+pub trait HasEvents: Sized + UiRsc + HasState {
-    fn get(&self) -> &EventManager<Self::State>;
+    fn events(&self) -> &EventManager<Self>;
-    fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut EventManager<Self::State>;
+    fn events_mut(&mut self) -> &mut EventManager<Self>;
-    fn events(&self) -> &EventManager<Self::State> {
-        HasEvents::get(self)
-    }
-    fn events_mut(&mut self) -> &mut EventManager<Self::State> {
-        HasEvents::get_mut(self)
-    }
 
     fn register_event<W: Widget + ?Sized, E: EventLike>(
         &mut self,
-        id: WidgetRef<W>,
+        id: WeakWidget<W>,
         event: E,
-        f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<Self::State, <E::Event as Event>::Data<'a>, W>,
+        f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<Self, <E::Event as Event>::Data<'a>, W>,
-    ) where
+    ) {
-        Self::State: 'static,
-    {
         self.events_mut().register(id, event, f);
     }
 }
 
-pub trait RunEvents: HasEvents + HasState<State = Self> + 'static {
+pub trait RunEvents: HasEvents {
     fn run_event<E: EventLike>(
         &mut self,
         id: impl IdLike,
-        data: &mut <E::Event as Event>::Data<'_>,
+        data: <E::Event as Event>::Data<'_>,
+        state: &mut Self::State,
     ) {
         let f = self.events_mut().get_type::<E>().run_fn(id);
-        f(EventCtx { state: self, data })
+        f(EventCtx { state, data }, self)
     }
 }
-impl<T: HasEvents + HasState<State = Self> + 'static> RunEvents for T {}
+impl<T: HasEvents> RunEvents for T {}

core/src/orientation/align.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::vec2;
 
 use super::*;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Align {
     pub x: Option<AxisAlign>,
     pub y: Option<AxisAlign>,
@@ -24,26 +24,13 @@ impl Align {
     pub const TOP: CardinalAlign = CardinalAlign::TOP;
     pub const V_CENTER: CardinalAlign = CardinalAlign::V_CENTER;
     pub const BOT: CardinalAlign = CardinalAlign::BOT;
-    pub const NONE: Align = Align { x: None, y: None };
 
     pub fn tuple(&self) -> (Option<AxisAlign>, Option<AxisAlign>) {
         (self.x, self.y)
     }
-
-    /// naming is a bit inconsistent w option,
-    /// normally would return Self, but can't see
-    /// that being needed atm and would wanna do
-    /// a trait if so, so they can both be named .or
-    /// (because Self impls From<RegionAlign>)
-    pub fn or(&self, other: RegionAlign) -> RegionAlign {
-        RegionAlign {
-            x: self.x.unwrap_or(other.x),
-            y: self.y.unwrap_or(other.x),
-        }
-    }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum AxisAlign {
     Neg,
     Center,
@@ -119,7 +106,6 @@ impl UiVec2 {
         }
     }
 
-    /// aligns this as a size within a region
     pub fn align(&self, align: RegionAlign) -> UiRegion {
         UiRegion {
             x: self.x.align(align.x),

core/src/orientation/pos.rs

@@ -140,22 +140,12 @@ where
 }
 
 #[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, bytemuck::Pod, Default, bytemuck::Zeroable)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, bytemuck::Pod, Default, bytemuck::Zeroable)]
 pub struct UiScalar {
     pub rel: f32,
     pub abs: f32,
 }
 
-// TODO: unknown exactly what these should be
-const REL_EPSILON: f32 = 0.00001;
-const ABS_EPSILON: f32 = 0.1;
-
-impl PartialEq for UiScalar {
-    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        (self.rel - other.rel).abs() < REL_EPSILON && (self.abs - other.abs).abs() < ABS_EPSILON
-    }
-}
-
 impl Eq for UiScalar {}
 impl Hash for UiScalar {
     fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {

core/src/primitive/text.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use cosmic_text::{
     Attrs, AttrsList, Buffer, CacheKey, Color, Family, FontSystem, Metrics, Placement, SwashCache,
     SwashContent,
 };
-use image::{GenericImageView, RgbaImage};
+use image::{DynamicImage, GenericImageView, RgbaImage};
 use std::simd::{Simd, num::SimdUint};
 
 /// TODO: properly wrap this
@@ -185,3 +185,7 @@ pub struct RenderedText {
     pub top_left_offset: Vec2,
     pub size: Vec2,
 }
+
+pub trait HasTextures {
+    fn add_texture(&mut self, image: DynamicImage) -> TextureHandle;
+}

core/src/render/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::num::NonZero;
 
 use crate::{
-    Ui,
+    UiData, UiRenderState,
     render::{data::PrimitiveInstance, texture::GpuTextures, util::ArrBuf},
     util::HashMap,
 };
@@ -59,12 +59,18 @@ impl UiRenderNode {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn update(&mut self, device: &Device, queue: &Queue, ui: &mut Ui) {
+    pub fn update(
+        &mut self,
+        device: &Device,
+        queue: &Queue,
+        ui: &mut UiData,
+        ui_render: &mut UiRenderState,
+    ) {
         self.active.clear();
-        for (i, primitives) in ui.layers.iter_mut() {
+        for (i, primitives) in ui_render.layers.iter_mut() {
             self.active.push(i);
             for change in primitives.apply_free() {
-                if let Some(inst) = ui.active.get_mut(&change.id) {
+                if let Some(inst) = ui_render.active.get_mut(&change.id) {
                     for h in &mut inst.primitives {
                         if h.layer == i && h.inst_idx == change.old {
                             h.inst_idx = change.new;
@@ -183,7 +189,7 @@ impl UiRenderNode {
         let pipeline_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
             label: Some("UI Shape Pipeline Layout"),
             bind_group_layouts: &[&uniform_layout, &primitive_layout, &rsc_layout],
-            push_constant_ranges: &[],
+            immediate_size: 0,
         });
         let pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&RenderPipelineDescriptor {
             label: Some("UI Shape Pipeline"),
@@ -219,7 +225,7 @@ impl UiRenderNode {
                 mask: !0,
                 alpha_to_coverage_enabled: false,
             },
-            multiview: None,
+            multiview_mask: None,
             cache: None,
         });
 

core/src/ui/active.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,14 @@
-use crate::{Align, LayerId, MaskIdx, PrimitiveHandle, TextureHandle, UiRegion, WidgetId};
+use crate::{LayerId, MaskIdx, PrimitiveHandle, TextureHandle, UiRegion, WidgetId};
 
 /// important non rendering data for retained drawing
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ActiveData {
     pub id: WidgetId,
     pub region: UiRegion,
-    pub region_used: UiRegion,
     pub parent: Option<WidgetId>,
     pub textures: Vec<TextureHandle>,
     pub primitives: Vec<PrimitiveHandle>,
     pub children: Vec<WidgetId>,
     pub mask: MaskIdx,
     pub layer: LayerId,
-    pub align: Align,
 }

core/src/ui/cache.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+use crate::{BothAxis, Len, UiVec2, WidgetId, util::HashMap};
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Cache {
+    pub size: BothAxis<HashMap<WidgetId, (UiVec2, Len)>>,
+}
+
+impl Cache {
+    pub fn remove(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
+        self.size.x.remove(&id);
+        self.size.y.remove(&id);
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.size.x.clear();
+        self.size.y.clear();
+    }
+}

core/src/ui/draw_state.rs

@@ -1,209 +0,0 @@
-use crate::{
-    ActiveData, Align, Axis, EventsLike, Painter, Ui, UiRegion, WidgetId,
-    render::MaskIdx,
-    util::{HashSet, forget_ref},
-};
-use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
-
-/// state maintained between widgets during painting
-pub struct DrawState<'a> {
-    pub(super) ui: &'a mut Ui,
-    pub(super) events: &'a mut dyn EventsLike,
-    draw_started: HashSet<WidgetId>,
-}
-
-impl<'a> DrawState<'a> {
-    pub fn new(ui: &'a mut Ui, events: &'a mut dyn EventsLike) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            ui,
-            events,
-            draw_started: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn redraw_updates(&mut self) {
-        while let Some(&id) = self.widgets.needs_redraw.iter().next() {
-            self.redraw(id);
-        }
-        self.ui.free(self.events);
-    }
-
-    /// redraws a widget that's currently active (drawn)
-    pub fn redraw(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
-        self.widgets.needs_redraw.remove(&id);
-
-        let Some(active) = self.active.get(&id) else {
-            return;
-        };
-        let ActiveData {
-            id,
-            region,
-            parent,
-            mask,
-            layer,
-            align,
-            ..
-        } = *active;
-
-        self.draw_inner(layer, id, region, parent, mask, align);
-    }
-
-    pub fn redraw_all(&mut self) {
-        // free all resources & cache
-        for (_, active) in self.ui.active.drain() {
-            self.events.undraw(&active);
-        }
-        self.ui.free(self.events);
-        self.layers.clear();
-        self.widgets.needs_redraw.clear();
-
-        if let Some(id) = &self.ui.root {
-            self.draw_inner(0, id.id(), UiRegion::FULL, None, MaskIdx::NONE, Align::NONE);
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(super) fn draw_inner(
-        &mut self,
-        layer: usize,
-        id: WidgetId,
-        region: UiRegion,
-        parent: Option<WidgetId>,
-        mask: MaskIdx,
-        align: Align,
-    ) {
-        let mut old_children = Vec::new();
-        if let Some(active) = self.ui.active.get_mut(&id) {
-            // check to see if we can skip drawing first, and just need to move
-            if !self.ui.widgets.needs_redraw.contains(&id) {
-                if active.region == region {
-                    return;
-                } else if active.region.size() == region.size() {
-                    self.mov(id, active.region, region);
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-            let active = self.remove(id, false).unwrap();
-            old_children = active.children;
-        }
-
-        // draw widget
-        self.draw_started.insert(id);
-
-        let mut painter = Painter {
-            state: self,
-            region,
-            region_used: region,
-            mask,
-            layer,
-            id,
-            textures: Vec::new(),
-            primitives: Vec::new(),
-            children: Vec::new(),
-        };
-
-        let mut widget = painter.state.widgets.get_dyn(id);
-        widget.draw(&mut painter);
-        let walign = painter.state.widgets.data(id).unwrap().align;
-        let align = align.or(walign.into());
-
-        let Painter {
-            region_used,
-            state: _,
-            region,
-            mask,
-            textures,
-            primitives,
-            children,
-            layer,
-            id,
-        } = painter;
-
-        // remove old children that weren't kept
-        for c in &old_children {
-            if !children.contains(c) {
-                self.remove_rec(*c);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // add to active
-        self.active.insert(
-            id,
-            ActiveData {
-                id,
-                region,
-                parent,
-                textures,
-                primitives,
-                children,
-                region_used,
-                mask,
-                layer,
-            },
-        );
-
-        // TODO: unsure if there's a better way, currently using epsilon
-        // in PartialEq impl for UiScalar
-        let target = region_used.size().align(align);
-        if region_used != target {
-            self.mov(id, from, to);
-        }
-
-        self.events.draw(self.active.get(&id).unwrap());
-    }
-
-    fn mov(&mut self, id: WidgetId, from: UiRegion, to: UiRegion) {
-        let active = self.ui.active.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
-        for h in &active.primitives {
-            let region = self.ui.layers[h.layer].region_mut(h);
-            *region = region.outside(&from).within(&to);
-        }
-        active.region = active.region.outside(&from).within(&to);
-        // SAFETY: children cannot be recursive
-        let children = unsafe { forget_ref(&active.children) };
-        for child in children {
-            self.mov(*child, from, to);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// NOTE: instance textures are cleared and self.textures freed
-    fn remove(&mut self, id: WidgetId, undraw: bool) -> Option<ActiveData> {
-        let mut active = self.active.remove(&id);
-        if let Some(active) = &mut active {
-            for h in &active.primitives {
-                let mask = self.layers.free(h);
-                if mask != MaskIdx::NONE {
-                    self.masks.remove(mask);
-                }
-            }
-            active.textures.clear();
-            self.textures.free();
-            if undraw {
-                self.events.undraw(active);
-            }
-        }
-        active
-    }
-
-    fn remove_rec(&mut self, id: WidgetId) -> Option<ActiveData> {
-        let inst = self.remove(id, true);
-        if let Some(inst) = &inst {
-            for c in &inst.children {
-                self.remove_rec(*c);
-            }
-        }
-        inst
-    }
-}
-
-impl Deref for DrawState<'_> {
-    type Target = Ui;
-
-    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        self.ui
-    }
-}
-impl DerefMut for DrawState<'_> {
-    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
-        self.ui
-    }
-}

core/src/ui/mod.rs

@@ -1,211 +1,47 @@
-use crate::{
+use crate::{Mask, TextData, Textures, WeakWidget, WidgetId, Widgets, util::TrackedArena};
-    EventsLike, IdLike, Mask, PixelRegion, PrimitiveLayers, TextData, TextureHandle, Textures,
-    Widget, WidgetHandle, WidgetId, Widgets,
-    ui::draw_state::DrawState,
-    util::{HashMap, TrackedArena, Vec2},
-};
-use image::DynamicImage;
-use std::{
-    ops::{Index, IndexMut},
-    sync::mpsc::{Receiver, channel},
-};
 
 mod active;
-mod draw_state;
+mod cache;
 mod painter;
-mod state;
+mod render_state;
+mod size;
 
 pub use active::*;
 pub use painter::Painter;
+pub use render_state::*;
+pub use size::*;
 
-pub struct Ui {
+#[derive(Default)]
-    // TODO: edit visibilities
+pub struct UiData {
     pub widgets: Widgets,
-
-    // retained painter state
-    pub active: HashMap<WidgetId, ActiveData>,
-    pub layers: PrimitiveLayers,
     pub textures: Textures,
     pub text: TextData,
-    output_size: Vec2,
     pub masks: TrackedArena<Mask, u32>,
-
-    pub root: Option<WidgetHandle>,
-    old_root: Option<WidgetId>,
-    recv: Receiver<WidgetId>,
-    resized: bool,
 }
 
-pub trait HasUi: Sized {
+pub trait UiRsc {
-    fn get(&self) -> &Ui;
+    fn ui(&self) -> &UiData;
-    fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Ui;
+    fn ui_mut(&mut self) -> &mut UiData;
-    fn ui(&self) -> &Ui {
-        self.get()
-    }
-    fn ui_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Ui {
-        self.get_mut()
-    }
-}
 
-impl HasUi for Ui {
+    #[allow(unused_variables)]
-    fn get(&self) -> &Ui {
+    fn on_add(&mut self, id: WeakWidget) {}
-        self
+    #[allow(unused_variables)]
-    }
+    fn on_remove(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {}
+    #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    fn on_draw(&mut self, active: &ActiveData) {}
+    #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    fn on_undraw(&mut self, active: &ActiveData) {}
 
-    fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Ui {
+    fn widgets(&self) -> &Widgets {
-        self
+        &self.ui().widgets
     }
-}
+    fn widgets_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Widgets {
-
+        &mut self.ui_mut().widgets
-impl Ui {
-    /// useful for debugging
-    pub fn set_label(&mut self, id: impl IdLike, label: String) {
-        self.widgets.data_mut(id.id()).unwrap().label = label;
     }
-
+    fn free(&mut self) {
-    pub fn label(&self, id: impl IdLike) -> &String {
+        while let Some(id) = self.widgets_mut().free_next() {
-        &self.widgets.data(id.id()).unwrap().label
+            self.on_remove(id);
-    }
-
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self::default()
-    }
-
-    pub fn get<I: IdLike>(&self, id: &I) -> Option<&I::Widget>
-    where
-        I::Widget: Sized + Widget,
-    {
-        self.widgets.get(id)
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_mut<I: IdLike>(&mut self, id: &I) -> Option<&mut I::Widget>
-    where
-        I::Widget: Sized + Widget,
-    {
-        self.widgets.get_mut(id)
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_texture(&mut self, image: DynamicImage) -> TextureHandle {
-        self.textures.add(image)
-    }
-
-    pub fn resize(&mut self, size: impl Into<Vec2>) {
-        self.output_size = size.into();
-        self.resized = true;
-    }
-
-    pub fn update(&mut self, events: &mut dyn EventsLike) {
-        if !self.widgets.waiting.is_empty() {
-            let len = self.widgets.waiting.len();
-            let all: Vec<_> = self
-                .widgets
-                .waiting
-                .iter()
-                .map(|&w| format!("'{}' ({w:?})", self.label(w)))
-                .collect();
-            panic!(
-                "{len} widget(s) were never upgraded\n\
-                this is likely a memory leak; consider upgrading to strong if you plan on using it later\n\
-                weak widgets: {all:#?}"
-            );
-        }
-        if self.root_changed() {
-            DrawState::new(self, events).redraw_all();
-            self.old_root = self.root.as_ref().map(|r| r.id());
-        } else if self.widgets.has_updates() {
-            DrawState::new(self, events).redraw_updates();
-        }
-        if self.resized {
-            self.resized = false;
-            DrawState::new(self, events).redraw_all();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// free any resources that don't have references anymore
-    fn free(&mut self, events: &mut dyn EventsLike) {
-        for id in self.recv.try_iter() {
-            events.remove(id);
-            self.widgets.delete(id);
-        }
-        self.textures.free();
-    }
-
-    pub fn root_changed(&self) -> bool {
-        self.root.as_ref().map(|r| r.id()) != self.old_root
-    }
-
-    pub fn needs_redraw(&self) -> bool {
-        self.root_changed() || self.widgets.has_updates()
-    }
-
-    pub fn num_widgets(&self) -> usize {
-        self.widgets.len()
-    }
-
-    pub fn active_widgets(&self) -> usize {
-        self.active.len()
-    }
-
-    pub fn debug_layers(&self) {
-        for ((idx, depth), primitives) in self.layers.iter_depth() {
-            let indent = " ".repeat(depth * 2);
-            let len = primitives.instances().len();
-            print!("{indent}{idx}: {len} primitives");
-            if len >= 1 {
-                print!(" ({})", primitives.instances()[0].binding);
-            }
-            println!();
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn window_region(&self, id: &impl IdLike) -> Option<PixelRegion> {
-        let region = self.active.get(&id.id())?.region;
-        Some(region.to_px(self.output_size))
-    }
-
-    pub fn debug(&self, label: &str) -> impl Iterator<Item = &ActiveData> {
-        self.active.iter().filter_map(move |(&id, inst)| {
-            let l = self.widgets.label(id);
-            if l == label { Some(inst) } else { None }
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-impl<I: IdLike> Index<I> for Ui
-where
-    I::Widget: Sized + Widget,
-{
-    type Output = I::Widget;
-
-    fn index(&self, id: I) -> &Self::Output {
-        self.get(&id).unwrap()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<I: IdLike> IndexMut<I> for Ui
-where
-    I::Widget: Sized + Widget,
-{
-    fn index_mut(&mut self, id: I) -> &mut Self::Output {
-        self.get_mut(&id).unwrap()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Default for Ui {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        let (send, recv) = channel();
-        Self {
-            widgets: Widgets::new(send),
-            active: Default::default(),
-            layers: Default::default(),
-            masks: Default::default(),
-            text: Default::default(),
-            textures: Default::default(),
-            output_size: Vec2::ZERO,
-            root: None,
-            old_root: None,
-            recv,
-            resized: false,
         }
+        self.ui_mut().textures.free();
     }
 }

core/src/ui/painter.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 use crate::{
-    RenderedText, TextAttrs, TextBuffer, TextData, TextureHandle, UiRegion, WidgetHandle, WidgetId,
+    Axis, Len, RenderedText, Size, SizeCtx, StrongWidget, TextAttrs, TextBuffer, TextData,
+    TextureHandle, UiRegion, UiRenderState, UiRsc, Widget, WidgetId,
     render::{Mask, MaskIdx, Primitive, PrimitiveHandle, PrimitiveInst},
-    ui::draw_state::DrawState,
     util::Vec2,
 };
 
 /// makes your surfaces look pretty
-pub struct Painter<'a, 'b> {
+pub struct Painter<'a> {
-    pub(super) state: &'a mut DrawState<'b>,
+    pub(super) state: &'a mut UiRenderState,
+    pub(super) rsc: &'a mut dyn UiRsc,
 
-    pub region_used: UiRegion,
     pub(super) region: UiRegion,
     pub(super) mask: MaskIdx,
     pub(super) textures: Vec<TextureHandle>,
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub struct Painter<'a, 'b> {
     pub(super) id: WidgetId,
 }
 
-impl<'a, 'c> Painter<'a, 'c> {
+impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
     fn primitive_at<P: Primitive>(&mut self, primitive: P, region: UiRegion) {
         let h = self.state.layers.write(
             self.layer,
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c> Painter<'a, 'c> {
         );
         if self.mask != MaskIdx::NONE {
             // TODO: I have no clue if this works at all :joy:
-            self.state.masks.push_ref(self.mask);
+            self.rsc.ui_mut().masks.push_ref(self.mask);
         }
         self.primitives.push(h);
     }
@@ -48,28 +48,31 @@ impl<'a, 'c> Painter<'a, 'c> {
 
     pub fn set_mask(&mut self, region: UiRegion) {
         assert!(self.mask == MaskIdx::NONE);
-        self.mask = self.state.masks.push(Mask { region });
+        self.mask = self.rsc.ui_mut().masks.push(Mask { region });
     }
 
     /// Draws a widget within this widget's region.
-    pub fn widget<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &WidgetHandle<W>) {
+    pub fn widget<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &StrongWidget<W>) {
         self.widget_at(id, self.region);
     }
 
-    pub fn rest_hint(&self, id: &WidgetHandle) -> f32 {
-        self.state.widgets.data(id).unwrap().align
-    }
-
     /// Draws a widget somewhere within this one.
     /// Useful for drawing child widgets in select areas.
-    pub fn widget_within<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &WidgetHandle<W>, region: UiRegion) {
+    pub fn widget_within<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &StrongWidget<W>, region: UiRegion) {
         self.widget_at(id, region.within(&self.region));
     }
 
-    fn widget_at<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &WidgetHandle<W>, region: UiRegion) {
+    fn widget_at<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, id: &StrongWidget<W>, region: UiRegion) {
         self.children.push(id.id());
-        self.state
+        self.state.draw_inner(
-            .draw_inner(self.layer, id.id(), region, Some(self.id), self.mask);
+            self.layer,
+            id.id(),
+            region,
+            Some(self.id),
+            self.mask,
+            None,
+            self.rsc,
+        );
     }
 
     pub fn texture_within(&mut self, handle: &TextureHandle, region: UiRegion) {
@@ -82,18 +85,32 @@ impl<'a, 'c> Painter<'a, 'c> {
         self.primitive(handle.primitive());
     }
 
+    pub fn texture_at(&mut self, handle: &TextureHandle, region: UiRegion) {
+        self.textures.push(handle.clone());
+        self.primitive_at(handle.primitive(), region);
+    }
+
     /// returns (handle, offset from top left)
     pub fn render_text(&mut self, buffer: &mut TextBuffer, attrs: &TextAttrs) -> RenderedText {
-        self.state
+        let ui = self.rsc.ui_mut();
-            .ui
+        ui.text.draw(buffer, attrs, &mut ui.textures)
-            .text
-            .draw(buffer, attrs, &mut self.state.ui.textures)
     }
 
     pub fn region(&self) -> UiRegion {
         self.region
     }
 
+    pub fn size<W: ?Sized + Widget>(&mut self, id: &StrongWidget<W>) -> Size {
+        self.size_ctx().size(id)
+    }
+
+    pub fn len_axis<W: ?Sized + Widget>(&mut self, id: &StrongWidget<W>, axis: Axis) -> Len {
+        match axis {
+            Axis::X => self.size_ctx().width(id),
+            Axis::Y => self.size_ctx().height(id),
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn output_size(&self) -> Vec2 {
         self.state.output_size
     }
@@ -103,7 +120,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c> Painter<'a, 'c> {
     }
 
     pub fn text_data(&mut self) -> &mut TextData {
-        &mut self.state.text
+        &mut self.rsc.ui_mut().text
     }
 
     pub fn child_layer(&mut self) {
@@ -115,10 +132,14 @@ impl<'a, 'c> Painter<'a, 'c> {
     }
 
     pub fn label(&self) -> &str {
-        &self.state.widgets.data(self.id).unwrap().label
+        &self.rsc.widgets().data(self.id).unwrap().label
     }
 
     pub fn id(&self) -> &WidgetId {
         &self.id
     }
+
+    pub fn size_ctx(&mut self) -> SizeCtx<'_> {
+        self.state.size_ctx(self.id, self.region.size(), self.rsc)
+    }
 }

core/src/ui/render_state.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+use crate::{
+    ActiveData, Axis, IdLike, MaskIdx, Painter, PixelRegion, PrimitiveLayers, SizeCtx,
+    StrongWidget, UiRegion, UiRsc, UiVec2, WidgetId, Widgets,
+    ui::cache::Cache,
+    util::{HashMap, HashSet, Vec2, forget_ref},
+};
+
+pub struct UiRenderState {
+    pub active: HashMap<WidgetId, ActiveData>,
+    pub layers: PrimitiveLayers,
+    pub(super) output_size: Vec2,
+    pub cache: Cache,
+
+    old_root: Option<WidgetId>,
+    resized: bool,
+    draw_started: HashSet<WidgetId>,
+}
+
+impl UiRenderState {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            active: Default::default(),
+            layers: Default::default(),
+            cache: Default::default(),
+            output_size: Vec2::ZERO,
+            old_root: None,
+            resized: false,
+            draw_started: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn resize(&mut self, size: impl Into<Vec2>) {
+        self.output_size = size.into();
+        self.resized = true;
+    }
+
+    pub fn update<'a>(&mut self, root: impl Into<Option<&'a StrongWidget>>, rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc) {
+        // safety mechanism for memory leaks; might wanna return a result instead so user can
+        // decide whether to panic or not
+        if !rsc.widgets().waiting.is_empty() {
+            let widgets = rsc.widgets();
+            let len = widgets.waiting.len();
+            let all: Vec<_> = widgets
+                .waiting
+                .iter()
+                .map(|&w| format!("'{}' ({w:?})", widgets.label(w)))
+                .collect();
+            panic!(
+                "{len} widget(s) were never upgraded\n\
+                this is likely a memory leak; consider upgrading to strong if you plan on using it later\n\
+                weak widgets: {all:#?}"
+            );
+        }
+        let root = root.into();
+        if self.root_changed(root) || self.resized {
+            self.redraw_all(root, rsc);
+            self.old_root = root.map(|r| r.id());
+            self.resized = false;
+        } else if rsc.widgets().has_updates() {
+            self.redraw_updates(rsc);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn redraw_all(&mut self, root: Option<&StrongWidget>, rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc) {
+        self.clear(rsc);
+        // free all resources & cache
+        if let Some(id) = root {
+            self.draw_inner(0, id.id(), UiRegion::FULL, None, MaskIdx::NONE, None, rsc);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: should prolly make a DrawInfo struct or smth for everything other than rsc
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    pub(super) fn draw_inner(
+        &mut self,
+        layer: usize,
+        id: WidgetId,
+        region: UiRegion,
+        parent: Option<WidgetId>,
+        mask: MaskIdx,
+        old_children: Option<Vec<WidgetId>>,
+        rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc,
+    ) {
+        let mut old_children = old_children.unwrap_or_default();
+        if let Some(active) = self.active.get_mut(&id)
+            && !rsc.widgets().needs_redraw.contains(&id)
+        {
+            // check to see if we can skip drawing first
+            if active.region == region {
+                return;
+            } else if active.region.size() == region.size() {
+                // TODO: epsilon?
+                let from = active.region;
+                self.mov(id, from, region);
+                return;
+            }
+            // if not, then maintain resize and track old children to remove unneeded
+            let active = self.remove(id, false, rsc).unwrap();
+            old_children = active.children;
+        }
+
+        // draw widget
+        self.draw_started.insert(id);
+
+        let mut painter = Painter {
+            state: self,
+            region,
+            mask,
+            layer,
+            id,
+            textures: Vec::new(),
+            primitives: Vec::new(),
+            children: Vec::new(),
+            rsc,
+        };
+
+        let mut widget = painter.rsc.widgets().get_dyn_dynamic(id);
+        widget.draw(&mut painter);
+        drop(widget);
+
+        let Painter {
+            state: _,
+            rsc: _,
+            region,
+            mask,
+            textures,
+            primitives,
+            children,
+            layer,
+            id,
+        } = painter;
+
+        // add to active
+        let active = ActiveData {
+            id,
+            region,
+            parent,
+            textures,
+            primitives,
+            children,
+            mask,
+            layer,
+        };
+
+        // remove old children that weren't kept
+        for c in &old_children {
+            if !active.children.contains(c) {
+                self.remove_rec(*c, rsc);
+            }
+        }
+
+        rsc.on_draw(&active);
+        self.active.insert(id, active);
+    }
+
+    fn mov(&mut self, id: WidgetId, from: UiRegion, to: UiRegion) {
+        let active = self.active.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
+        for h in &active.primitives {
+            let region = self.layers[h.layer].region_mut(h);
+            *region = region.outside(&from).within(&to);
+        }
+        active.region = active.region.outside(&from).within(&to);
+        // SAFETY: children cannot be recursive
+        let children = unsafe { forget_ref(&active.children) };
+        for child in children {
+            self.mov(*child, from, to);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// NOTE: instance textures are cleared and self.textures freed
+    fn remove(&mut self, id: WidgetId, undraw: bool, rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc) -> Option<ActiveData> {
+        let mut active = self.active.remove(&id);
+        if let Some(active) = &mut active {
+            for h in &active.primitives {
+                let mask = self.layers.free(h);
+                if mask != MaskIdx::NONE {
+                    rsc.ui_mut().masks.remove(mask);
+                }
+            }
+            active.textures.clear();
+            rsc.ui_mut().textures.free();
+            if undraw {
+                rsc.on_undraw(active);
+            }
+        }
+        active
+    }
+
+    fn remove_rec(&mut self, id: WidgetId, rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc) -> Option<ActiveData> {
+        self.cache.remove(id);
+        let inst = self.remove(id, true, rsc);
+        if let Some(inst) = &inst {
+            for c in &inst.children {
+                self.remove_rec(*c, rsc);
+            }
+        }
+        inst
+    }
+
+    fn clear(&mut self, rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc) {
+        for (_, active) in self.active.drain() {
+            rsc.on_undraw(&active);
+        }
+        self.cache.clear();
+        self.layers.clear();
+        rsc.widgets_mut().needs_redraw.clear();
+        rsc.free();
+    }
+
+    pub fn redraw_updates(&mut self, rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc) {
+        while let Some(&id) = rsc.widgets().needs_redraw.iter().next() {
+            self.redraw(id, rsc);
+        }
+        rsc.free();
+    }
+
+    pub fn root_changed<'a>(&self, root: impl Into<Option<&'a StrongWidget>>) -> bool {
+        root.into().map(|r| r.id()) != self.old_root
+    }
+
+    pub fn needs_redraw<'a>(
+        &self,
+        root: impl Into<Option<&'a StrongWidget>>,
+        widgets: &Widgets,
+    ) -> bool {
+        self.root_changed(root) || widgets.has_updates()
+    }
+
+    pub fn active_widgets(&self) -> usize {
+        self.active.len()
+    }
+
+    pub fn debug(&self, widgets: &Widgets, label: &str) -> impl Iterator<Item = &ActiveData> {
+        self.active.iter().filter_map(move |(&id, inst)| {
+            let l = widgets.label(id);
+            if l == label { Some(inst) } else { None }
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn debug_layers(&self) {
+        for ((idx, depth), primitives) in self.layers.iter_depth() {
+            let indent = " ".repeat(depth * 2);
+            let len = primitives.instances().len();
+            print!("{indent}{idx}: {len} primitives");
+            if len >= 1 {
+                print!(" ({})", primitives.instances()[0].binding);
+            }
+            println!();
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn window_region(&self, id: &impl IdLike) -> Option<PixelRegion> {
+        let region = self.active.get(&id.id())?.region;
+        Some(region.to_px(self.output_size))
+    }
+
+    /// redraws a widget that's currently active (drawn)
+    pub fn redraw(&mut self, id: WidgetId, rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc) {
+        rsc.widgets_mut().needs_redraw.remove(&id);
+        self.draw_started.remove(&id);
+        // check if parent depends on the desired size of this, if so then redraw it first
+        for axis in [Axis::X, Axis::Y] {
+            if let Some(&(outer, old)) = self.cache.size.axis_dyn(axis).get(&id)
+                && let Some(current) = self.active.get(&id)
+                && let Some(pid) = current.parent
+            {
+                self.cache.size.axis_dyn(axis).remove(&id);
+                let new = self.size_ctx(id, outer, rsc).len_axis(id, axis);
+                self.cache.size.axis_dyn(axis).insert(id, (outer, new));
+                if new != old {
+                    self.redraw(pid, rsc);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if self.draw_started.contains(&id) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let Some(active) = self.remove(id, false, rsc) else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        self.draw_inner(
+            active.layer,
+            id,
+            active.region,
+            active.parent,
+            active.mask,
+            Some(active.children),
+            rsc,
+        );
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn size_ctx<'b>(
+        &'b mut self,
+        source: WidgetId,
+        outer: UiVec2,
+        rsc: &'b mut dyn UiRsc,
+    ) -> SizeCtx<'b> {
+        let ui = rsc.ui_mut();
+        SizeCtx {
+            source,
+            cache: &mut self.cache,
+            text: &mut ui.text,
+            textures: &mut ui.textures,
+            widgets: &ui.widgets,
+            outer,
+            output_size: self.output_size,
+            id: source,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for UiRenderState {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}

core/src/ui/size.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+use crate::{
+    Axis, AxisT, IdLike, Len, RenderedText, Size, TextAttrs, TextBuffer, TextData, Textures,
+    UiVec2, WidgetAxisFns, WidgetId, Widgets, XAxis, YAxis, ui::cache::Cache, util::Vec2,
+};
+
+pub struct SizeCtx<'a> {
+    pub text: &'a mut TextData,
+    pub textures: &'a mut Textures,
+    pub(super) source: WidgetId,
+    pub(super) widgets: &'a Widgets,
+    pub(super) cache: &'a mut Cache,
+    /// TODO: should this be pub? rn used for sized
+    pub outer: UiVec2,
+    pub(super) output_size: Vec2,
+    pub(super) id: WidgetId,
+}
+
+impl SizeCtx<'_> {
+    pub fn id(&self) -> &WidgetId {
+        &self.id
+    }
+
+    pub fn source(&self) -> &WidgetId {
+        &self.source
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn len_inner<A: const AxisT>(&mut self, id: WidgetId) -> Len {
+        if let Some((_, len)) = self.cache.size.axis::<A>().get(&id) {
+            return *len;
+        }
+        let len = self
+            .widgets
+            .get_dyn_dynamic(id)
+            .desired_len::<A>(&mut SizeCtx {
+                text: self.text,
+                textures: self.textures,
+                source: self.source,
+                widgets: self.widgets,
+                cache: self.cache,
+                outer: self.outer,
+                output_size: self.output_size,
+                id,
+            });
+        self.cache.size.axis::<A>().insert(id, (self.outer, len));
+        len
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&mut self, id: impl IdLike) -> Len {
+        self.len_inner::<XAxis>(id.id())
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&mut self, id: impl IdLike) -> Len {
+        self.len_inner::<YAxis>(id.id())
+    }
+
+    pub fn len_axis(&mut self, id: impl IdLike, axis: Axis) -> Len {
+        match axis {
+            Axis::X => self.width(id),
+            Axis::Y => self.height(id),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn size(&mut self, id: impl IdLike) -> Size {
+        let id = id.id();
+        Size {
+            x: self.width(id),
+            y: self.height(id),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn px_size(&mut self) -> Vec2 {
+        self.outer.to_abs(self.output_size)
+    }
+
+    pub fn output_size(&mut self) -> Vec2 {
+        self.output_size
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw_text(&mut self, buffer: &mut TextBuffer, attrs: &TextAttrs) -> RenderedText {
+        self.text.draw(buffer, attrs, self.textures)
+    }
+
+    pub fn label(&self, id: WidgetId) -> &String {
+        self.widgets.label(id)
+    }
+}

core/src/ui/state.rs

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-// pub struct DynState {
-//
-// }

core/src/widget/data.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
-use crate::{RegionAlign, Widget};
+use crate::Widget;
 
 pub struct WidgetData {
     pub widget: Box<dyn Widget>,
     pub label: String,
-    /// alignment used if this does not fill up container
-    /// and there is no enforced alignment from parent
-    pub align: RegionAlign,
-    pub rest_len: Option<f32>,
     /// dynamic borrow checking
     pub borrowed: bool,
 }
@@ -19,9 +15,7 @@ impl WidgetData {
         }
         Self {
             widget: Box::new(widget),
-            align: RegionAlign::CENTER,
             label,
-            rest_len: None,
             borrowed: false,
         }
     }

core/src/widget/handle.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::{marker::Unsize, ops::CoerceUnsized, sync::mpsc::Sender};
 
 use crate::{
-    HasUi, Widget,
+    UiRsc, Widget,
     util::{RefCounter, SlotId},
 };
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub type WidgetId = SlotId;
 /// a signal is sent to the owning UI to clean up the resources.
 ///
 /// TODO: ergonomic clones when they get put in rust-analyzer & don't cause ICEs?
-pub struct WidgetHandle<W: ?Sized = dyn Widget> {
+pub struct StrongWidget<W: ?Sized = dyn Widget> {
     pub(super) id: WidgetId,
     counter: RefCounter,
     send: Sender<WidgetId>,
@@ -21,24 +21,19 @@ pub struct WidgetHandle<W: ?Sized = dyn Widget> {
 
 /// A weak handle to a widget.
 /// Will not keep it alive, but can still be used for indexing like WidgetHandle.
-pub struct WidgetRef<W: ?Sized = dyn Widget> {
+pub struct WeakWidget<W: ?Sized = dyn Widget> {
     pub(super) id: WidgetId,
     #[allow(unused)]
     ty: *const W,
 }
 
-pub struct WidgetHandles<W: ?Sized = dyn Widget> {
+impl<W: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>> StrongWidget<W> {
-    pub h: WidgetHandle<W>,
+    pub fn any(self) -> StrongWidget<dyn Widget> {
-    pub r: WidgetRef<W>,
-}
-
-impl<W: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>> WidgetHandle<W> {
-    pub fn any(self) -> WidgetHandle<dyn Widget> {
         self
     }
 }
 
-impl<W: ?Sized> WidgetHandle<W> {
+impl<W: ?Sized> StrongWidget<W> {
     pub(crate) fn new(id: WidgetId, send: Sender<WidgetId>) -> Self {
         Self {
             id,
@@ -56,18 +51,13 @@ impl<W: ?Sized> WidgetHandle<W> {
         self.counter.refs()
     }
 
-    pub fn weak(&self) -> WidgetRef<W> {
+    pub fn weak(&self) -> WeakWidget<W> {
         let Self { ty, id, .. } = *self;
-        WidgetRef { ty, id }
+        WeakWidget { ty, id }
-    }
-
-    pub fn handles(self) -> WidgetHandles<W> {
-        let r = self.weak();
-        WidgetHandles { h: self, r }
     }
 }
 
-impl<W: ?Sized> WidgetRef<W> {
+impl<W: ?Sized> WeakWidget<W> {
     pub(crate) fn new(id: WidgetId) -> Self {
         Self { id, ty: null_ptr() }
     }
@@ -77,12 +67,12 @@ impl<W: ?Sized> WidgetRef<W> {
     }
 
     #[track_caller]
-    pub fn upgrade(self, ui: &mut impl HasUi) -> WidgetHandle<W> {
+    pub fn upgrade(self, ui: &mut impl UiRsc) -> StrongWidget<W> {
-        ui.ui_mut().widgets.upgrade(self)
+        ui.widgets_mut().upgrade(self)
     }
 }
 
-impl<W: ?Sized> Drop for WidgetHandle<W> {
+impl<W: ?Sized> Drop for StrongWidget<W> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         if self.counter.drop() {
             let _ = self.send.send(self.id);
@@ -90,29 +80,29 @@ impl<W: ?Sized> Drop for WidgetHandle<W> {
     }
 }
 
-pub trait WidgetIdFn<State, W: ?Sized = dyn Widget>: FnOnce(&mut State) -> WidgetRef<W> {}
+pub trait WidgetIdFn<Rsc, W: ?Sized = dyn Widget>: FnOnce(&mut Rsc) -> WeakWidget<W> {}
-impl<State, W: ?Sized, F: FnOnce(&mut State) -> WidgetRef<W>> WidgetIdFn<State, W> for F {}
+impl<Rsc, W: ?Sized, F: FnOnce(&mut Rsc) -> WeakWidget<W>> WidgetIdFn<Rsc, W> for F {}
 
 pub trait IdLike {
     type Widget: ?Sized;
     fn id(&self) -> WidgetId;
 }
 
-impl<W: ?Sized> IdLike for &WidgetHandle<W> {
+impl<W: ?Sized> IdLike for &StrongWidget<W> {
     type Widget = W;
     fn id(&self) -> WidgetId {
         self.id
     }
 }
 
-impl<W: ?Sized> IdLike for WidgetHandle<W> {
+impl<W: ?Sized> IdLike for StrongWidget<W> {
     type Widget = W;
     fn id(&self) -> WidgetId {
         self.id
     }
 }
 
-impl<W: ?Sized> IdLike for WidgetRef<W> {
+impl<W: ?Sized> IdLike for WeakWidget<W> {
     type Widget = W;
     fn id(&self) -> WidgetId {
         self.id
@@ -126,38 +116,38 @@ impl IdLike for WidgetId {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: ?Sized + Unsize<U>, U: ?Sized> CoerceUnsized<WidgetHandle<U>> for WidgetHandle<T> {}
+impl<T: ?Sized + Unsize<U>, U: ?Sized> CoerceUnsized<StrongWidget<U>> for StrongWidget<T> {}
-impl<T: ?Sized + Unsize<U>, U: ?Sized> CoerceUnsized<WidgetRef<U>> for WidgetRef<T> {}
+impl<T: ?Sized + Unsize<U>, U: ?Sized> CoerceUnsized<WeakWidget<U>> for WeakWidget<T> {}
 
-impl<W: ?Sized> Clone for WidgetRef<W> {
+impl<W: ?Sized> Clone for WeakWidget<W> {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
         *self
     }
 }
-impl<W: ?Sized> Copy for WidgetRef<W> {}
+impl<W: ?Sized> Copy for WeakWidget<W> {}
-impl<W: ?Sized> PartialEq for WidgetRef<W> {
+impl<W: ?Sized> PartialEq for WeakWidget<W> {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         self.id == other.id
     }
 }
 
-impl<W> PartialEq for WidgetHandle<W> {
+impl<W> PartialEq for StrongWidget<W> {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         self.id == other.id
     }
 }
 
-impl<W> std::fmt::Debug for WidgetHandle<W> {
+impl<W> std::fmt::Debug for StrongWidget<W> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         self.id.fmt(f)
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, W: Widget + 'a, State: HasUi> FnOnce<(&'a mut State,)> for WidgetRef<W> {
+impl<'a, W: Widget + 'a, State: UiRsc> FnOnce<(&'a mut State,)> for WeakWidget<W> {
     type Output = &'a mut W;
 
     extern "rust-call" fn call_once(self, args: (&'a mut State,)) -> Self::Output {
-        &mut args.0.ui_mut()[self]
+        &mut args.0.widgets_mut()[self]
     }
 }
 
@@ -169,3 +159,6 @@ fn null_ptr<W: ?Sized>() -> *const W {
         unsafe { std::mem::transmute_copy(&[0usize; 1]) }
     }
 }
+
+unsafe impl<W: ?Sized> Send for WeakWidget<W> {}
+unsafe impl<W: ?Sized> Sync for WeakWidget<W> {}

core/src/widget/like.rs

@@ -1,55 +1,44 @@
-use crate::{HasUi, Ui};
+use crate::UiRsc;
 
 use super::*;
 use std::marker::Unsize;
 
-pub trait StateLike<State> {
+pub trait WidgetLike<Rsc: UiRsc, Tag>: Sized {
-    fn as_state(&mut self) -> &mut State;
-}
-
-impl StateLike<Ui> for Ui {
-    fn as_state(&mut self) -> &mut Ui {
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-pub trait WidgetLike<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, Tag>: Sized {
     type Widget: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>;
 
-    fn add(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetRef<Self::Widget>;
+    fn add(self, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> WeakWidget<Self::Widget>;
 
-    fn add_strong(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetHandle<Self::Widget> {
+    fn add_strong(self, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> StrongWidget<Self::Widget> {
-        self.add(state).upgrade(state.as_state().ui_mut())
+        self.add(rsc).upgrade(rsc)
     }
 
     fn with_id<W2>(
         self,
-        f: impl FnOnce(&mut State, WidgetRef<Self::Widget>) -> WidgetRef<W2>,
+        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Rsc, WeakWidget<Self::Widget>) -> WeakWidget<W2>,
-    ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State, W2> {
+    ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<Rsc, W2> {
         move |state| {
             let id = self.add(state);
             f(state, id)
         }
     }
 
-    fn set_root(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) {
+    fn set_root(self, rsc: &mut Rsc, root: &mut impl HasRoot) {
-        let id = self.add(state);
+        let id = self.add_strong(rsc);
-        let ui = state.as_state().ui_mut();
+        root.set_root(id);
-        ui.root = Some(id.upgrade(ui));
-    }
-
-    fn handles(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetHandles<Self::Widget> {
-        self.add(state).upgrade(state.as_state().ui_mut()).handles()
     }
 }
 
-pub trait WidgetArrLike<State, const LEN: usize, Tag> {
+pub trait HasRoot {
+    fn set_root(&mut self, root: StrongWidget);
+}
+
+pub trait WidgetArrLike<Rsc, const LEN: usize, Tag> {
     #[track_caller]
-    fn add(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetArr<LEN>;
+    fn add(self, state: &mut Rsc) -> WidgetArr<LEN>;
 }
 
-impl<State, const LEN: usize> WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, ArrTag> for WidgetArr<LEN> {
+impl<Rsc, const LEN: usize> WidgetArrLike<Rsc, LEN, ArrTag> for WidgetArr<LEN> {
-    fn add(self, _: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetArr<LEN> {
+    fn add(self, _: &mut Rsc) -> WidgetArr<LEN> {
         self
     }
 }
@@ -60,12 +49,12 @@ macro_rules! impl_widget_arr {
         impl_widget_arr!($n;$($W)*;$(${concat($W,Tag)})*);
     };
     ($n:expr;$($W:ident)*;$($Tag:ident)*) => {
-        impl<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, $($W: WidgetLike<State, $Tag>,$Tag,)*> WidgetArrLike<State, $n, ($($Tag,)*)> for ($($W,)*) {
+        impl<Rsc: UiRsc, $($W: WidgetLike<Rsc, $Tag>,$Tag,)*> WidgetArrLike<Rsc, $n, ($($Tag,)*)> for ($($W,)*) {
-            fn add(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetArr<$n> {
+            fn add(self, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> WidgetArr<$n> {
                 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
                 let ($($W,)*) = self;
                 WidgetArr::new(
-                    [$($W.add(state).upgrade(state.as_state().ui_mut()),)*],
+                    [$($W.add(rsc).upgrade(rsc),)*],
                 )
             }
         }

core/src/widget/mod.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,47 @@
-use crate::Painter;
+use crate::{Axis, AxisT, Len, Painter, SizeCtx};
 use std::any::Any;
 
 mod data;
 mod handle;
 mod like;
 mod tag;
+mod view;
 mod widgets;
 
 pub use data::*;
 pub use handle::*;
 pub use like::*;
 pub use tag::*;
+pub use view::*;
 pub use widgets::*;
 
 pub trait Widget: Any {
     fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter);
+    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len;
+    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len;
+}
+
+pub trait WidgetAxisFns {
+    fn desired_len<A: AxisT>(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len;
+}
+
+impl<W: Widget + ?Sized> WidgetAxisFns for W {
+    fn desired_len<A: AxisT>(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
+        match A::get() {
+            Axis::X => self.desired_width(ctx),
+            Axis::Y => self.desired_height(ctx),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Widget for () {
     fn draw(&mut self, _: &mut Painter) {}
+    fn desired_width(&mut self, _: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
+        Len::ZERO
+    }
+    fn desired_height(&mut self, _: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
+        Len::ZERO
+    }
 }
 
 impl dyn Widget {
@@ -38,27 +61,27 @@ pub trait WidgetFn<State, W: Widget + ?Sized>: FnOnce(&mut State) -> W {}
 impl<State, W: Widget + ?Sized, F: FnOnce(&mut State) -> W> WidgetFn<State, W> for F {}
 
 pub struct WidgetArr<const LEN: usize> {
-    pub arr: [WidgetHandle; LEN],
+    pub arr: [StrongWidget; LEN],
 }
 
 impl<const LEN: usize> WidgetArr<LEN> {
-    pub fn new(arr: [WidgetHandle; LEN]) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(arr: [StrongWidget; LEN]) -> Self {
         Self { arr }
     }
 }
 
 pub trait WidgetOption<State> {
-    fn get(self, state: &mut State) -> Option<WidgetHandle>;
+    fn get(self, state: &mut State) -> Option<StrongWidget>;
 }
 
 impl<State> WidgetOption<State> for () {
-    fn get(self, _: &mut State) -> Option<WidgetHandle> {
+    fn get(self, _: &mut State) -> Option<StrongWidget> {
         None
     }
 }
 
-impl<State, F: FnOnce(&mut State) -> Option<WidgetHandle>> WidgetOption<State> for F {
+impl<State, F: FnOnce(&mut State) -> Option<StrongWidget>> WidgetOption<State> for F {
-    fn get(self, state: &mut State) -> Option<WidgetHandle> {
+    fn get(self, state: &mut State) -> Option<StrongWidget> {
         self(state)
     }
 }

core/src/widget/tag.rs

@@ -1,58 +1,63 @@
 use super::*;
-use crate::HasUi;
+use crate::UiRsc;
 use std::marker::Unsize;
 
 pub struct WidgetTag;
-impl<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, W: Widget> WidgetLike<State, WidgetTag> for W {
+impl<Rsc: UiRsc, W: Widget> WidgetLike<Rsc, WidgetTag> for W {
     type Widget = W;
-    fn add(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetRef<W> {
+    fn add(self, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> WeakWidget<W> {
-        state.as_state().get_mut().widgets.add_weak(self)
+        let w = rsc.ui_mut().widgets.add_weak(self);
+        rsc.on_add(w);
+        w
     }
 }
 
 pub struct FnTag;
-impl<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, W: Widget, F: FnOnce(&mut State) -> W>
+impl<Rsc: UiRsc, W: Widget, F: FnOnce(&mut Rsc) -> W> WidgetLike<Rsc, FnTag> for F {
-    WidgetLike<State, FnTag> for F
-{
     type Widget = W;
-    fn add(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetRef<W> {
+    fn add(self, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> WeakWidget<W> {
-        self(state.as_state()).add(state)
+        self(rsc).add(rsc)
     }
 }
 
-pub trait WidgetFnTrait<State> {
+pub trait WidgetFnTrait<Rsc> {
     type Widget: Widget;
-    fn run(self, state: &mut State) -> Self::Widget;
+    fn run(self, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> Self::Widget;
 }
 pub struct FnTraitTag;
-impl<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, T: WidgetFnTrait<State>> WidgetLike<State, FnTraitTag> for T {
+impl<Rsc: UiRsc, T: WidgetFnTrait<Rsc>> WidgetLike<Rsc, FnTraitTag> for T {
     type Widget = T::Widget;
     #[track_caller]
-    fn add(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetRef<T::Widget> {
+    fn add(self, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> WeakWidget<T::Widget> {
-        self.run(state.as_state()).add(state)
+        self.run(rsc).add(rsc)
     }
 }
 
-pub struct IdTag;
+pub struct RefTag;
-impl<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, W: ?Sized + Widget + Unsize<dyn Widget>>
+impl<Rsc: UiRsc, W: ?Sized + Widget + Unsize<dyn Widget>> WidgetLike<Rsc, RefTag>
-    WidgetLike<State, IdTag> for WidgetRef<W>
+    for WeakWidget<W>
 {
     type Widget = W;
-    fn add(self, _: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetRef<W> {
+    fn add(self, _: &mut Rsc) -> WeakWidget<W> {
         self
     }
 }
 
-pub struct IdFnTag;
+pub struct RefFnTag;
-impl<
+impl<Rsc: UiRsc, W: ?Sized + Widget + Unsize<dyn Widget>, F: FnOnce(&mut Rsc) -> WeakWidget<W>>
-    State: HasUi + StateLike<State>,
+    WidgetLike<Rsc, RefFnTag> for F
-    W: ?Sized + Widget + Unsize<dyn Widget>,
-    F: FnOnce(&mut State) -> WidgetRef<W>,
-> WidgetLike<State, IdFnTag> for F
 {
     type Widget = W;
-    fn add(self, state: &mut impl StateLike<State>) -> WidgetRef<W> {
+    fn add(self, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> WeakWidget<W> {
-        self(state.as_state())
+        self(rsc)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ViewTag;
+impl<Rsc: UiRsc, V: WidgetView> WidgetLike<Rsc, ViewTag> for V {
+    type Widget = V::Widget;
+    fn add(self, _: &mut Rsc) -> WeakWidget<Self::Widget> {
+        self.root()
     }
 }
 

core/src/widget/view.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+use std::marker::Unsize;
+
+use crate::{Widget, WeakWidget};
+
+pub trait WidgetView {
+    type Widget: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>;
+    fn root(&self) -> WeakWidget<Self::Widget>;
+}
+
+pub trait HasWidget {
+    type Widget: Widget + ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>;
+}
+
+impl<W: Widget + Unsize<dyn Widget> + ?Sized> HasWidget for WeakWidget<W> {
+    type Widget = W;
+}

core/src/widget/widgets.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-use std::sync::mpsc::Sender;
+use std::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, Sender, channel};
 
 use crate::{
-    IdLike, Widget, WidgetData, WidgetHandle, WidgetId, WidgetRef,
+    IdLike, StrongWidget, WeakWidget, Widget, WidgetData, WidgetId,
     util::{DynBorrower, HashSet, SlotVec, forget_mut, to_mut},
 };
 
@@ -9,16 +9,19 @@ pub struct Widgets {
     pub needs_redraw: HashSet<WidgetId>,
     vec: SlotVec<WidgetData>,
     send: Sender<WidgetId>,
+    recv: Receiver<WidgetId>,
     pub(crate) waiting: HashSet<WidgetId>,
 }
 
 impl Widgets {
-    pub fn new(send: Sender<WidgetId>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let (send, recv) = channel();
         Self {
             needs_redraw: Default::default(),
             vec: Default::default(),
             waiting: Default::default(),
             send,
+            recv,
         }
     }
 
@@ -26,9 +29,18 @@ impl Widgets {
         !self.needs_redraw.is_empty()
     }
 
+    pub fn get_dyn(&self, id: WidgetId) -> Option<&dyn Widget> {
+        Some(self.vec.get(id)?.widget.as_ref())
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_dyn_mut(&mut self, id: WidgetId) -> Option<&mut dyn Widget> {
+        self.needs_redraw.insert(id);
+        Some(self.vec.get_mut(id)?.widget.as_mut())
+    }
+
     /// get_dyn but dynamic borrow checking of widgets
     /// lets you do recursive (tree) operations, like the painter does
-    pub(crate) fn get_dyn<'a>(&self, id: WidgetId) -> WidgetWrapper<'a> {
+    pub(crate) fn get_dyn_dynamic<'a>(&self, id: WidgetId) -> WidgetWrapper<'a> {
         // SAFETY: must guarantee no other mutable references to this widget exist
         // done through the borrow variable
         let data = unsafe { forget_mut(to_mut(self.vec.get(id).unwrap())) };
@@ -42,41 +54,29 @@ impl Widgets {
     where
         I::Widget: Sized + Widget,
     {
-        self.vec
+        self.get_dyn(id.id())?.as_any().downcast_ref()
-            .get(id.id())?
-            .widget
-            .as_ref()
-            .as_any()
-            .downcast_ref()
     }
 
     pub fn get_mut<I: IdLike>(&mut self, id: &I) -> Option<&mut I::Widget>
     where
         I::Widget: Sized + Widget,
     {
-        let id = id.id();
+        self.get_dyn_mut(id.id())?.as_any_mut().downcast_mut()
-        self.needs_redraw.insert(id);
-        self.vec
-            .get_mut(id)?
-            .widget
-            .as_mut()
-            .as_any_mut()
-            .downcast_mut()
     }
 
-    pub fn add_strong<W: Widget>(&mut self, widget: W) -> WidgetHandle<W> {
+    pub fn add_strong<W: Widget>(&mut self, widget: W) -> StrongWidget<W> {
         let id = self.vec.add(WidgetData::new(widget));
-        WidgetHandle::new(id, self.send.clone())
+        StrongWidget::new(id, self.send.clone())
     }
 
-    pub fn add_weak<W: Widget>(&mut self, widget: W) -> WidgetRef<W> {
+    pub fn add_weak<W: Widget>(&mut self, widget: W) -> WeakWidget<W> {
         let id = self.vec.add(WidgetData::new(widget));
         self.waiting.insert(id);
-        WidgetRef::new(id)
+        WeakWidget::new(id)
     }
 
     #[track_caller]
-    pub fn upgrade<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, rf: WidgetRef<W>) -> WidgetHandle<W> {
+    pub fn upgrade<W: ?Sized>(&mut self, rf: WeakWidget<W>) -> StrongWidget<W> {
         if !self.waiting.remove(&rf.id()) {
             let label = self.label(rf);
             let id = rf.id();
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ impl Widgets {
                 "widget '{label}' ({id:?}) was already added\ncannot add a widget twice; consider creating two"
             )
         }
-        WidgetHandle::new(rf.id(), self.send.clone())
+        StrongWidget::new(rf.id(), self.send.clone())
     }
 
     pub fn data(&self, id: impl IdLike) -> Option<&WidgetData> {
@@ -95,14 +95,19 @@ impl Widgets {
         &self.data(id.id()).unwrap().label
     }
 
+    /// useful for debugging
+    pub fn set_label(&mut self, id: impl IdLike, label: String) {
+        self.data_mut(id.id()).unwrap().label = label;
+    }
+
     pub fn data_mut(&mut self, id: impl IdLike) -> Option<&mut WidgetData> {
         self.vec.get_mut(id.id())
     }
 
-    pub fn delete(&mut self, id: impl IdLike) {
+    pub fn free_next(&mut self) -> Option<WidgetId> {
-        self.vec.free(id.id());
+        let next = self.recv.try_recv().ok()?;
-        // not sure if there's any point in this
+        self.vec.free(next);
-        // self.updates.remove(&id);
+        Some(next)
     }
 
     #[allow(clippy::len_without_is_empty)]
@@ -111,4 +116,30 @@ impl Widgets {
     }
 }
 
+impl Default for Widgets {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
 pub type WidgetWrapper<'a> = DynBorrower<'a, dyn Widget>;
+
+impl<I: IdLike> std::ops::Index<I> for Widgets
+where
+    I::Widget: Sized + Widget,
+{
+    type Output = I::Widget;
+
+    fn index(&self, id: I) -> &Self::Output {
+        self.get(&id).unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<I: IdLike> std::ops::IndexMut<I> for Widgets
+where
+    I::Widget: Sized + Widget,
+{
+    fn index_mut(&mut self, id: I) -> &mut Self::Output {
+        self.get_mut(&id).unwrap()
+    }
+}

examples/minimal.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
 use iris::prelude::*;
 
 fn main() {
-    App::<State>::run();
+    DefaultApp::<State>::run();
 }
 
-#[default_ui_state]
+#[derive(DefaultUiState)]
-struct State {}
+struct State {
+    ui_state: DefaultUiState,
+}
 
 impl DefaultAppState for State {
-    fn new(ui_state: DefaultUiState, _proxy: Proxy<Self::Event>) -> Self {
+    fn new(
-        let mut ui = Ui::new();
+        mut ui_state: DefaultUiState,
-        rect(Color::RED).set_root(&mut ui);
+        rsc: &mut DefaultRsc<Self>,
-        Self {
+        _: Proxy<Self::Event>,
-            ui,
+    ) -> Self {
-            ui_state,
+        rect(Color::RED).set_root(rsc, &mut ui_state);
-            events: EventManager::default(),
+        Self { ui_state }
-        }
     }
 }

examples/tabs/main.rs

@@ -2,25 +2,25 @@ use cosmic_text::Family;
 use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
 use winit::event::WindowEvent;
 
-iris::state_prelude!(ClientRsc);
+use iris::prelude::*;
+type ClientRsc = DefaultRsc<Client>;
 
 fn main() {
-    App::<Client>::run();
+    DefaultApp::<Client>::run();
 }
 
-#[default_ui_state]
+#[derive(DefaultUiState)]
 pub struct Client {
-    info: WidgetRef<Text>,
+    ui_state: DefaultUiState,
+    info: WeakWidget<Text>,
 }
 
 impl DefaultAppState for Client {
-    fn new(ui_state: DefaultUiState, _proxy: Proxy<Self::Event>) -> Self {
+    fn new(
-        let mut rsc = ClientRsc {
+        mut ui_state: DefaultUiState,
-            ui: Ui::new(),
+        rsc: &mut DefaultRsc<Self>,
-            ui_state,
+        _: Proxy<Self::Event>,
-            events: EventManager::default(),
+    ) -> Self {
-        };
-
         let rrect = rect(Color::WHITE).radius(20);
         let pad_test = (
             rrect.color(Color::BLUE),
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl DefaultAppState for Client {
                 .width(rest(3)),
         )
             .span(Dir::RIGHT)
-            .add(&mut rsc);
+            .add(rsc);
 
         let span_test = (
             rrect.color(Color::GREEN).width(100),
@@ -54,30 +54,30 @@ impl DefaultAppState for Client {
             rrect.color(Color::RED).width(100),
         )
             .span(Dir::LEFT)
-            .add(&mut rsc);
+            .add(rsc);
 
-        let span_add = Span::empty(Dir::RIGHT).add(&mut rsc);
+        let span_add = Span::empty(Dir::RIGHT).add(rsc);
 
         let add_button = rect(Color::LIME)
             .radius(30)
-            .on(CursorSense::click(), move |ctx| {
+            .on(CursorSense::click(), move |_, rsc| {
                 let child = image(include_bytes!("assets/sungals.png"))
                     .center()
-                    .add_strong(ctx);
+                    .add_strong(rsc);
-                span_add(ctx).push(child);
+                span_add(rsc).push(child);
             })
             .sized((150, 150))
             .align(Align::BOT_RIGHT);
 
         let del_button = rect(Color::RED)
             .radius(30)
-            .on(CursorSense::click(), move |ctx| {
+            .on(CursorSense::click(), move |_, rsc| {
-                span_add(ctx).pop();
+                span_add(rsc).pop();
             })
             .sized((150, 150))
             .align(Align::BOT_LEFT);
 
-        let span_add_test = (span_add, add_button, del_button).stack().add(&mut rsc);
+        let span_add_test = (span_add, add_button, del_button).stack().add(rsc);
 
         let btext = |content| wtext(content).size(30);
 
@@ -100,18 +100,18 @@ impl DefaultAppState for Client {
             wtext("pretty cool right?").size(50),
         )
             .span(Dir::DOWN)
-            .add(&mut rsc);
+            .add(rsc);
 
-        let texts = Span::empty(Dir::DOWN).gap(10).add(&mut rsc);
+        let texts = Span::empty(Dir::DOWN).gap(10).add(rsc);
         let msg_area = texts.scrollable().masked().background(rect(Color::SKY));
         let add_text = wtext("add")
             .editable(EditMode::MultiLine)
             .text_align(Align::LEFT)
             .size(30)
             .attr::<Selectable>(())
-            .on(Submit, move |ctx| {
+            .on(Submit, move |ctx, rsc| {
                 let w = ctx.widget;
-                let content = w.edit(ctx).take();
+                let content = w.edit(rsc).take();
                 let text = wtext(content)
                     .editable(EditMode::MultiLine)
                     .size(30)
@@ -120,10 +120,11 @@ impl DefaultAppState for Client {
                     .attr::<Selectable>(());
                 let msg_box = text
                     .background(rect(Color::WHITE.darker(0.5)))
-                    .add_strong(ctx);
+                    .add_strong(rsc);
-                texts(ctx).push(msg_box);
+                texts(rsc).push(msg_box);
             })
-            .add(&mut rsc);
+            .add(rsc);
+
         let text_edit_scroll = (
             msg_area.height(rest(1)),
             (
@@ -131,8 +132,8 @@ impl DefaultAppState for Client {
                 (
                     add_text.width(rest(1)),
                     Rect::new(Color::GREEN)
-                        .on(CursorSense::click(), move |ctx| {
+                        .on(CursorSense::click(), move |ctx, rsc: &mut ClientRsc| {
-                            ctx.state.run_event::<Submit>(add_text, &mut ());
+                            rsc.run_event::<Submit>(add_text, (), ctx.state);
                         })
                         .sized((40, 40)),
                 )
@@ -145,39 +146,39 @@ impl DefaultAppState for Client {
                 .align(Align::BOT),
         )
             .span(Dir::DOWN)
-            .add(&mut rsc);
+            .add(rsc);
 
-        let main = WidgetPtr::new().add(&mut rsc);
+        let main = WidgetPtr::new().add(rsc);
 
         let vals = Rc::new(RefCell::new((0, Vec::new())));
-        let mut switch_button = |color, to: WidgetRef, label| {
+        let mut switch_button = |color, to: WeakWidget, label| {
-            let to = to.upgrade(&mut rsc);
+            let to = to.upgrade(rsc);
             let vec = &mut vals.borrow_mut().1;
             let i = vec.len();
             if vec.is_empty() {
                 vec.push(None);
-                rsc.ui[main].set(to);
+                main(rsc).set(to);
             } else {
                 vec.push(Some(to));
             }
             let vals = vals.clone();
             let rect = rect(color)
-                .on(CursorSense::click(), move |ctx| {
+                .on(CursorSense::click(), move |ctx, rsc| {
                     let (prev, vec) = &mut *vals.borrow_mut();
                     if let Some(h) = vec[i].take() {
-                        vec[*prev] = main(ctx).replace(h);
+                        vec[*prev] = main(rsc).replace(h);
                         *prev = i;
                     }
-                    ctx.widget().color = color.darker(0.3);
+                    ctx.widget(rsc).color = color.darker(0.3);
                 })
                 .on(
                     CursorSense::HoverStart | CursorSense::unclick(),
-                    move |ctx| {
+                    move |ctx, rsc| {
-                        ctx.widget().color = color.brighter(0.2);
+                        ctx.widget(rsc).color = color.brighter(0.2);
                     },
                 )
-                .on(CursorSense::HoverEnd, move |ctx| {
+                .on(CursorSense::HoverEnd, move |ctx, rsc| {
-                    ctx.widget().color = color;
+                    ctx.widget(rsc).color = color;
                 });
             (rect, wtext(label).size(30).text_align(Align::CENTER)).stack()
         };
@@ -195,30 +196,30 @@ impl DefaultAppState for Client {
         )
             .span(Dir::RIGHT);
 
-        let info = wtext("").add(&mut rsc);
+        let info = wtext("").add(rsc);
         let info_sect = info.pad(10).align(Align::RIGHT);
 
         ((tabs.height(40), main.pad(10)).span(Dir::DOWN), info_sect)
             .stack()
-            .set_root(&mut rsc);
+            .set_root(rsc, &mut ui_state);
 
-        Self {
+        Self { ui_state, info }
-            ui: rsc.ui,
-            ui_state: rsc.ui_state,
-            events: rsc.events,
-            info,
-        }
     }
 
-    fn window_event(&mut self, _: WindowEvent) {
+    fn window_event(
+        &mut self,
+        _: WindowEvent,
+        rsc: &mut DefaultRsc<Self>,
+        render: &mut UiRenderState,
+    ) {
         let new = format!(
-            "widgets: {}\nactive:{}\nviews: {}",
+            "widgets: {}\nactive: {}\nviews: {}",
-            self.ui.num_widgets(),
+            rsc.widgets().len(),
-            self.ui.active_widgets(),
+            render.active_widgets(),
-            self.ui_state.renderer.ui.view_count()
+            self.ui_state.renderer.ui.view_count(),
         );
-        if new != *self.ui[self.info].content {
+        if new != *rsc.widgets()[self.info].content {
-            *self.ui[self.info].content = new;
+            *rsc.widgets_mut()[self.info].content = new;
         }
     }
 }

examples/task.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+use iris::prelude::*;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+fn main() {
+    DefaultApp::<State>::run();
+}
+
+#[derive(DefaultUiState)]
+struct State {
+    ui_state: DefaultUiState,
+}
+
+impl DefaultAppState for State {
+    fn new(
+        mut ui_state: DefaultUiState,
+        rsc: &mut DefaultRsc<Self>,
+        _: Proxy<Self::Event>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let rect = rect(Color::RED).add(rsc);
+        rect.task_on(CursorSense::click(), async move |mut ctx| {
+            tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
+            ctx.update(move |_, rsc| {
+                let rect = rect(rsc);
+                if rect.color == Color::RED {
+                    rect.color = Color::BLUE;
+                } else {
+                    rect.color = Color::RED;
+                }
+            });
+        })
+        .set_root(rsc, &mut ui_state);
+        Self { ui_state }
+    }
+}

examples/view.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+use iris::prelude::*;
+
+fn main() {
+    DefaultApp::<State>::run();
+}
+
+#[derive(DefaultUiState)]
+struct State {
+    ui_state: DefaultUiState,
+}
+
+type Rsc = DefaultRsc<State>;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, WidgetView)]
+struct Test {
+    #[root]
+    root: WeakWidget<Rect>,
+    cur: WeakState<bool>,
+}
+
+impl Test {
+    pub fn new(rsc: &mut Rsc) -> Self {
+        let root = rect(Color::RED).add(rsc);
+        let cur = rsc.create_state(root, false);
+        Self { root, cur }
+    }
+    pub fn toggle(&self, rsc: &mut Rsc) {
+        let cur = &mut rsc[self.cur];
+        *cur = !*cur;
+        if *cur {
+            rsc[self.root].color = Color::BLUE;
+        } else {
+            rsc[self.root].color = Color::RED;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl DefaultAppState for State {
+    fn new(
+        mut ui_state: DefaultUiState,
+        rsc: &mut DefaultRsc<Self>,
+        _: Proxy<Self::Event>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let test = Test::new(rsc);
+
+        test.on(CursorSense::click(), move |_, rsc| {
+            test.toggle(rsc);
+        })
+        .set_root(rsc, &mut ui_state);
+
+        Self { ui_state }
+    }
+}

macro/src/lib.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ extern crate proc_macro;
 use proc_macro::TokenStream;
 use quote::quote;
 use syn::{
-    Attribute, Block, Error, Fields, FieldsNamed, GenericParam, Generics, Ident, ItemStruct,
+    Attribute, Block, Error, GenericParam, Generics, Ident, ItemStruct, ItemTrait, Signature,
-    ItemTrait, Meta, Signature, Token, Visibility,
+    Token, Type, Visibility,
     parse::{Parse, ParseStream, Result},
     parse_macro_input, parse_quote,
     spanned::Spanned,
@@ -89,104 +89,108 @@ pub fn widget_trait(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
     quote! {
         #trai
 
-        impl #generics #name<State, WL, Tag> for WL {
+        impl #generics #name<Rsc, WL, Tag> for WL {
             #(#impls)*
         }
     }
     .into()
 }
 
-#[proc_macro_derive(UiState, attributes(rsc))]
+#[proc_macro_derive(DefaultUiState, attributes(default_ui_state))]
-pub fn derive_ui_state(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+pub fn derive_default_ui_state(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
     let mut output = proc_macro2::TokenStream::new();
 
     let state: ItemStruct = parse_macro_input!(input);
-    let sname = state.ident;
-    let rscname = Ident::new(&(sname.to_string() + "Rsc"), sname.span());
-    let mut rsc_fields = Vec::new();
 
-    for field in state.fields {
+    let mut found_attr = false;
-        let Some(attr) = field.attrs.iter().find(|a| a.path().is_ident("rsc")) else {
+    let mut state_field = None;
+    for field in &state.fields {
+        if !found_attr
+            && let Type::Path(path) = &field.ty
+            && path.path.is_ident("DefaultUiState")
+        {
+            state_field = Some(field);
+        }
+        let Some(attr) = field
+            .attrs
+            .iter()
+            .find(|a| a.path().is_ident("default_ui_state"))
+        else {
             continue;
         };
-        let Meta::List(list) = &attr.meta else {
+        if found_attr {
-            output.extend(Error::new(attr.span(), "invalid attr syntax").into_compile_error());
+            output.extend(
+                Error::new(
+                    attr.span(),
+                    "cannot have more than one default_ui_state attribute",
+                )
+                .into_compile_error(),
+            );
             continue;
-        };
+        }
-        let tname: Ident = match list.parse_args::<Ident>() {
+        found_attr = true;
-            Ok(ident) => ident,
+        state_field = Some(field);
-            Err(err) => {
-                output.extend(err.to_compile_error());
-                continue;
-            }
-        };
-        let fty = &field.ty;
-        let fname = &field.ident.unwrap();
-        rsc_fields.extend(quote! {#fname: #fty,});
-        output.extend(quote! {
-            impl #tname for #sname {
-                fn get(&self) -> &#fty {
-                    &self.#fname
-                }
-                fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut #fty {
-                    &mut self.#fname
-                }
-            }
-            impl #tname for #rscname {
-                fn get(&self) -> &#fty {
-                    &self.#fname
-                }
-                fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut #fty {
-                    &mut self.#fname
-                }
-            }
-        });
     }
-    let vis = state.vis;
+    let Some(field) = state_field else {
+        output.extend(
+            Error::new(state.ident.span(), "no DefaultUiState field found").into_compile_error(),
+        );
+        return output.into();
+    };
+    let sname = &state.ident;
+    let fname = field.ident.as_ref().unwrap();
     output.extend(quote! {
-        #vis struct #rscname {
+        impl iris::default::HasDefaultUiState for #sname {
-            #(#rsc_fields)*
+            fn default_state(&self) -> &iris::default::DefaultUiState {
-        }
+                &self.#fname
-
-        impl HasState for #sname {
-            type State = #sname;
-        }
-
-        impl HasState for #rscname {
-            type State = #sname;
-        }
-
-        impl StateLike<#sname> for #sname {
-            fn as_state(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
-                self
             }
-        }
+            fn default_state_mut(&mut self) -> &mut iris::default::DefaultUiState {
-
+                &mut self.#fname
-        impl StateLike<#rscname> for #rscname {
-            fn as_state(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
-                self
             }
         }
     });
     output.into()
 }
 
-#[proc_macro_attribute]
+#[proc_macro_derive(WidgetView, attributes(root))]
-pub fn default_ui_state(_attr: TokenStream, input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+pub fn derive_widget_view(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
-    let mut state: ItemStruct = parse_macro_input!(input);
+    let mut output = proc_macro2::TokenStream::new();
-    let Fields::Named(fields) = &mut state.fields else {
+
-        panic!("must be on named fields struct");
+    let state: ItemStruct = parse_macro_input!(input);
+
+    let mut found_attr = false;
+    let mut state_field = None;
+    for field in &state.fields {
+        let Some(attr) = field.attrs.iter().find(|a| a.path().is_ident("root")) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        if found_attr {
+            output.extend(
+                Error::new(attr.span(), "cannot have more than one root widget")
+                    .into_compile_error(),
+            );
+            continue;
+        }
+        found_attr = true;
+        state_field = Some(field);
+    }
+    let Some(field) = state_field else {
+        output.extend(
+            Error::new(state.ident.span(), "no root widget field found (#[root])")
+                .into_compile_error(),
+        );
+        return output.into();
     };
-    let name = &state.ident;
+    let sname = &state.ident;
-    state.attrs.push(parse_quote! {#[derive(UiState)]});
+    let fname = field.ident.as_ref().unwrap();
-    let new: FieldsNamed = parse_quote! {{
+    let fty = &field.ty;
-        #[rsc(HasUi)]
+    output.extend(quote! {
-        pub ui: Ui,
+        impl iris::core::WidgetView for #sname {
-        #[rsc(HasDefaultUiState)]
+            type Widget = <#fty as iris::core::HasWidget>::Widget;
-        pub ui_state: DefaultUiState,
+            fn root(&self) -> #fty {
-        #[rsc(HasEvents)]
+                self.#fname
-        pub events: iris::prelude::EventManager<#name>,
+            }
-    }};
+        }
-    fields.named.extend(new.named);
+    });
-    quote! {#state}.into()
+    output.into()
 }

src/default/app.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@ pub trait AppState {
     fn window_event(&mut self, event: WindowEvent, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop);
     fn event(&mut self, event: Self::Event, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop);
     fn exit(&mut self);
+
+    fn run()
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        App::<Self>::run();
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct App<State: AppState> {

src/default/attr.rs

@@ -4,35 +4,45 @@ use winit::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize};
 
 pub struct Selector;
 
-impl<State: HasEvents, W: Widget + 'static> WidgetAttr<State, W> for Selector
+impl<Rsc: HasEvents, W: Widget + 'static> WidgetAttr<Rsc, W> for Selector
 where
-    State::State: HasDefaultUiState,
+    Rsc::State: HasDefaultUiState,
 {
-    type Input = WidgetRef<TextEdit>;
+    type Input = WeakWidget<TextEdit>;
 
-    fn run(state: &mut State, container: WidgetRef<W>, id: Self::Input) {
+    fn run(rsc: &mut Rsc, container: WeakWidget<W>, id: Self::Input) {
-        state.register_event(container, CursorSense::click_or_drag(), move |ctx| {
+        rsc.register_event(container, CursorSense::click_or_drag(), move |ctx, rsc| {
-            let region = ctx.ui().window_region(&id).unwrap();
+            let region = ctx.data.render.window_region(&id).unwrap();
             let id_pos = region.top_left;
-            let container_pos = ctx.state.ui().window_region(&container).unwrap().top_left;
+            let container_pos = ctx.data.render.window_region(&container).unwrap().top_left;
             let pos = ctx.data.pos + container_pos - id_pos;
             let size = region.size();
-            select(ctx.state, id, pos, size, ctx.data.sense.is_dragging());
+            select(
+                rsc,
+                ctx.data.render,
+                ctx.state,
+                id,
+                pos,
+                size,
+                ctx.data.sense.is_dragging(),
+            );
         });
     }
 }
 
 pub struct Selectable;
 
-impl<State: HasEvents> WidgetAttr<State, TextEdit> for Selectable
+impl<Rsc: HasEvents> WidgetAttr<Rsc, TextEdit> for Selectable
 where
-    State::State: HasDefaultUiState,
+    Rsc::State: HasDefaultUiState,
 {
     type Input = ();
 
-    fn run(state: &mut State, id: WidgetRef<TextEdit>, _: Self::Input) {
+    fn run(rsc: &mut Rsc, id: WeakWidget<TextEdit>, _: Self::Input) {
-        state.register_event(id, CursorSense::click_or_drag(), move |ctx| {
+        rsc.register_event(id, CursorSense::click_or_drag(), move |ctx, rsc| {
             select(
+                rsc,
+                ctx.data.render,
                 ctx.state,
                 id,
                 ctx.data.pos,
@@ -44,18 +54,20 @@ where
 }
 
 fn select(
+    rsc: &mut impl UiRsc,
+    render: &UiRenderState,
     state: &mut impl HasDefaultUiState,
-    id: WidgetRef<TextEdit>,
+    id: WeakWidget<TextEdit>,
     pos: Vec2,
     size: Vec2,
     dragging: bool,
 ) {
-    let (ui, state) = HasDefaultUiState::ui_with_state(state);
+    let state = state.default_state_mut();
     let now = Instant::now();
     let recent = (now - state.last_click) < Duration::from_millis(300);
     state.last_click = now;
-    id.edit(ui).select(pos, size, dragging, recent);
+    id.edit(rsc).select(pos, size, dragging, recent);
-    if let Some(region) = ui.window_region(&id) {
+    if let Some(region) = render.window_region(&id) {
         state.window.set_ime_allowed(true);
         state.window.set_ime_cursor_area(
             LogicalPosition::<f32>::from(region.top_left.tuple()),

src/default/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 use arboard::Clipboard;
-use iris_core::util::forget_mut;
+use std::{
-use std::{marker::Sized, sync::Arc, time::Instant};
+    marker::{PhantomData, Sized},
+    sync::Arc,
+    time::Instant,
+};
 use winit::{
     event::{Ime, WindowEvent},
     event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoopProxy},
@@ -14,6 +17,8 @@ mod event;
 mod input;
 mod render;
 mod sense;
+mod state;
+mod task;
 
 pub use app::*;
 pub use attr::*;
@@ -21,23 +26,33 @@ pub use event::*;
 pub use input::*;
 pub use render::*;
 pub use sense::*;
+pub use state::*;
+pub use task::*;
 
 pub type Proxy<Event> = EventLoopProxy<Event>;
 
 pub struct DefaultUiState {
+    pub root: Option<StrongWidget>,
     pub renderer: UiRenderer,
     pub input: Input,
-    pub focus: Option<WidgetRef<TextEdit>>,
+    pub focus: Option<WeakWidget<TextEdit>>,
     pub clipboard: Clipboard,
     pub window: Arc<Window>,
     pub ime: usize,
     pub last_click: Instant,
 }
 
+impl HasRoot for DefaultUiState {
+    fn set_root(&mut self, root: StrongWidget) {
+        self.root = Some(root);
+    }
+}
+
 impl DefaultUiState {
     pub fn new(window: impl Into<Arc<Window>>) -> Self {
         let window = window.into();
         Self {
+            root: None,
             renderer: UiRenderer::new(window.clone()),
             window,
             input: Input::default(),
@@ -49,53 +64,162 @@ impl DefaultUiState {
     }
 }
 
-pub trait HasDefaultUiState: Sized + 'static + HasUi {
+pub trait HasDefaultUiState: Sized + 'static {
-    fn get(&self) -> &DefaultUiState;
+    fn default_state(&self) -> &DefaultUiState;
-    fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut DefaultUiState;
+    fn default_state_mut(&mut self) -> &mut DefaultUiState;
-    fn ui_state(&self) -> &DefaultUiState {
-        HasDefaultUiState::get(self)
-    }
-    fn ui_state_mut(&mut self) -> &mut DefaultUiState {
-        HasDefaultUiState::get_mut(self)
-    }
-    fn ui_with_state(&mut self) -> (&mut Ui, &mut DefaultUiState) {
-        // as long as you're not doing anything actually unhinged this should always work safely
-        (
-            unsafe { forget_mut(self.ui_mut()) },
-            HasDefaultUiState::get_mut(self),
-        )
-    }
 }
 
-pub trait DefaultAppState: RunEvents + HasDefaultUiState {
+pub trait DefaultAppState: HasDefaultUiState {
-    type Event: 'static = ();
+    type Event = ();
-    fn new(ui_state: DefaultUiState, proxy: Proxy<Self::Event>) -> Self;
+    fn new(ui_state: DefaultUiState, rsc: &mut DefaultRsc<Self>, proxy: Proxy<Self::Event>)
+    -> Self;
     #[allow(unused_variables)]
-    fn event(&mut self, event: Self::Event) {}
+    fn event(
+        &mut self,
+        event: Self::Event,
+        rsc: &mut DefaultRsc<Self>,
+        render: &mut UiRenderState,
+    ) {
+    }
     #[allow(unused_variables)]
-    fn exit(&mut self) {}
+    fn exit(&mut self, rsc: &mut DefaultRsc<Self>, render: &mut UiRenderState) {}
     #[allow(unused_variables)]
-    fn window_event(&mut self, event: WindowEvent) {}
+    fn window_event(
+        &mut self,
+        event: WindowEvent,
+        rsc: &mut DefaultRsc<Self>,
+        render: &mut UiRenderState,
+    ) {
+    }
     fn window_attributes() -> WindowAttributes {
         Default::default()
     }
 }
 
-impl<State: DefaultAppState> AppState for State {
+pub struct DefaultRsc<State: 'static> {
+    pub ui: UiData,
+    pub events: EventManager<Self>,
+    pub tasks: Tasks<Self>,
+    pub state: WidgetState,
+    _state: PhantomData<State>,
+}
+
+impl<State> DefaultRsc<State> {
+    fn init(window: Arc<Window>) -> (Self, TaskMsgReceiver<Self>) {
+        let (tasks, recv) = Tasks::init(window);
+        (
+            Self {
+                ui: Default::default(),
+                events: Default::default(),
+                tasks,
+                state: Default::default(),
+                _state: Default::default(),
+            },
+            recv,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_state<T: 'static>(&mut self, id: impl IdLike, data: T) -> WeakState<T> {
+        self.state.add(id.id(), data)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<State> UiRsc for DefaultRsc<State> {
+    fn ui(&self) -> &UiData {
+        &self.ui
+    }
+
+    fn ui_mut(&mut self) -> &mut UiData {
+        &mut self.ui
+    }
+
+    fn on_draw(&mut self, active: &ActiveData) {
+        self.events.draw(active);
+    }
+
+    fn on_undraw(&mut self, active: &ActiveData) {
+        self.events.undraw(active);
+    }
+
+    fn on_remove(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
+        self.events.remove(id);
+        self.state.remove(id);
+    }
+}
+
+impl<State: 'static> HasState for DefaultRsc<State> {
+    type State = State;
+}
+
+impl<State: 'static> HasEvents for DefaultRsc<State> {
+    fn events(&self) -> &EventManager<Self> {
+        &self.events
+    }
+
+    fn events_mut(&mut self) -> &mut EventManager<Self> {
+        &mut self.events
+    }
+}
+
+impl<State: 'static> HasTasks for DefaultRsc<State> {
+    fn tasks_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Tasks<Self> {
+        &mut self.tasks
+    }
+}
+
+impl<State: 'static> HasWidgetState for DefaultRsc<State> {
+    fn widget_state(&self) -> &WidgetState {
+        &self.state
+    }
+
+    fn widget_state_mut(&mut self) -> &mut WidgetState {
+        &mut self.state
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct DefaultApp<State: DefaultAppState> {
+    rsc: DefaultRsc<State>,
+    render: UiRenderState,
+    state: State,
+    task_recv: TaskMsgReceiver<DefaultRsc<State>>,
+}
+
+impl<State: DefaultAppState> AppState for DefaultApp<State> {
     type Event = State::Event;
 
     fn new(event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, proxy: EventLoopProxy<Self::Event>) -> Self {
-        let window = event_loop.create_window(Self::window_attributes()).unwrap();
+        let window = event_loop
-        Self::new(DefaultUiState::new(window), proxy)
+            .create_window(State::window_attributes())
+            .unwrap();
+        let default_state = DefaultUiState::new(window);
+        let (mut rsc, task_recv) = DefaultRsc::init(default_state.window.clone());
+        let state = State::new(default_state, &mut rsc, proxy);
+        let render = UiRenderState::new();
+        Self {
+            rsc,
+            state,
+            render,
+            task_recv,
+        }
     }
 
     fn event(&mut self, event: Self::Event, _: &ActiveEventLoop) {
-        self.event(event);
+        self.state.event(event, &mut self.rsc, &mut self.render);
     }
 
     fn window_event(&mut self, event: WindowEvent, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
-        let events = unsafe { forget_mut(self.events_mut()) };
+        let Self {
-        let ui_state = HasDefaultUiState::get_mut(self);
+            rsc,
+            render,
+            state,
+            task_recv,
+        } = self;
+
+        for update in task_recv.try_iter() {
+            update(state, rsc);
+        }
+
+        let ui_state = state.default_state_mut();
         let input_changed = ui_state.input.event(&event);
         let cursor_state = ui_state.cursor_state().clone();
         let old = ui_state.focus;
@@ -104,43 +228,43 @@ impl<State: DefaultAppState> AppState for State {
         }
         if input_changed {
             let window_size = ui_state.window_size();
-            self.run_sensors(&cursor_state, window_size);
+            render.run_sensors(rsc, state, cursor_state, window_size);
         }
-        let (mut ui, mut ui_state) = self.ui_with_state();
+        let ui_state = state.default_state_mut();
         if old != ui_state.focus
             && let Some(old) = old
         {
-            old.edit(ui).deselect();
+            old.edit(rsc).deselect();
         }
         match &event {
             WindowEvent::CloseRequested => event_loop.exit(),
             WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                ui.update(events);
+                render.update(&ui_state.root, rsc);
-                ui_state.renderer.update(ui);
+                ui_state.renderer.update(&mut rsc.ui, render);
                 ui_state.renderer.draw();
             }
             WindowEvent::Resized(size) => {
-                ui.resize((size.width, size.height));
+                render.resize((size.width, size.height));
                 ui_state.renderer.resize(size)
             }
             WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { event, .. } => {
                 if let Some(sel) = ui_state.focus
                     && event.state.is_pressed()
                 {
-                    let mut text = sel.edit(ui);
+                    let mut text = sel.edit(rsc);
                     match text.apply_event(event, &ui_state.input.modifiers) {
                         TextInputResult::Unfocus => {
                             ui_state.focus = None;
                             ui_state.window.set_ime_allowed(false);
                         }
                         TextInputResult::Submit => {
-                            self.run_event::<Submit>(sel, &mut ());
+                            rsc.run_event::<Submit>(sel, (), state);
                         }
                         TextInputResult::Paste => {
                             if let Ok(t) = ui_state.clipboard.get_text() {
                                 text.insert(&t);
                             }
-                            self.run_event::<Edited>(sel, &mut ());
+                            rsc.run_event::<Edited>(sel, (), state);
                         }
                         TextInputResult::Copy(text) => {
                             if let Err(err) = ui_state.clipboard.set_text(text) {
@@ -148,7 +272,7 @@ impl<State: DefaultAppState> AppState for State {
                             }
                         }
                         TextInputResult::Used => {
-                            self.run_event::<Edited>(sel, &mut ());
+                            rsc.run_event::<Edited>(sel, (), state);
                         }
                         TextInputResult::Unused => {}
                     }
@@ -156,7 +280,7 @@ impl<State: DefaultAppState> AppState for State {
             }
             WindowEvent::Ime(ime) => {
                 if let Some(sel) = ui_state.focus {
-                    let mut text = sel.edit(ui);
+                    let mut text = sel.edit(rsc);
                     match ime {
                         Ime::Enabled | Ime::Disabled => (),
                         Ime::Preedit(content, _pos) => {
@@ -172,15 +296,59 @@ impl<State: DefaultAppState> AppState for State {
             }
             _ => (),
         }
-        self.window_event(event);
+        state.window_event(event, rsc, render);
-        (ui, ui_state) = self.ui_with_state();
+        let ui_state = self.state.default_state_mut();
-        if ui.needs_redraw() {
+        if render.needs_redraw(&ui_state.root, rsc.widgets()) {
             ui_state.renderer.window().request_redraw();
         }
         ui_state.input.end_frame();
     }
 
     fn exit(&mut self) {
-        self.exit();
+        self.state.exit(&mut self.rsc, &mut self.render);
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait RscIdx<Rsc> {
+    type Output;
+    fn get(self, rsc: &Rsc) -> &Self::Output;
+    fn get_mut(self, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> &mut Self::Output;
+}
+
+impl<State: 'static, I: RscIdx<DefaultRsc<State>>> std::ops::Index<I> for DefaultRsc<State> {
+    type Output = I::Output;
+
+    fn index(&self, index: I) -> &Self::Output {
+        index.get(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<State: 'static, I: RscIdx<DefaultRsc<State>>> std::ops::IndexMut<I> for DefaultRsc<State> {
+    fn index_mut(&mut self, index: I) -> &mut Self::Output {
+        index.get_mut(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W: Widget, Rsc: UiRsc> RscIdx<Rsc> for WeakWidget<W> {
+    type Output = W;
+
+    fn get(self, rsc: &Rsc) -> &Self::Output {
+        &rsc.ui().widgets[self]
+    }
+
+    fn get_mut(self, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> &mut Self::Output {
+        &mut rsc.ui_mut().widgets[self]
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static, Rsc: HasWidgetState> RscIdx<Rsc> for WeakState<T> {
+    type Output = T;
+
+    fn get(self, rsc: &Rsc) -> &Self::Output {
+        rsc.widget_state().get(self)
+    }
+
+    fn get_mut(self, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> &mut Self::Output {
+        rsc.widget_state_mut().get_mut(self)
     }
 }

src/default/render.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-use iris_core::{Ui, UiLimits, UiRenderNode};
+use iris_core::{UiData, UiLimits, UiRenderNode, UiRenderState};
 use pollster::FutureExt;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use wgpu::{util::StagingBelt, *};
+use wgpu::*;
 use winit::{dpi::PhysicalSize, window::Window};
 
 pub const CLEAR_COLOR: Color = Color::BLACK;
@@ -13,13 +13,12 @@ pub struct UiRenderer {
     queue: Queue,
     config: SurfaceConfiguration,
     encoder: CommandEncoder,
-    staging_belt: StagingBelt,
     pub ui: UiRenderNode,
 }
 
 impl UiRenderer {
-    pub fn update(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui) {
+    pub fn update(&mut self, ui: &mut UiData, render: &mut UiRenderState) {
-        self.ui.update(&self.device, &self.queue, ui);
+        self.ui.update(&self.device, &self.queue, ui, render);
     }
 
     pub fn draw(&mut self) {
@@ -46,9 +45,7 @@ impl UiRenderer {
         }
 
         self.queue.submit(std::iter::once(encoder.finish()));
-        self.staging_belt.finish();
         output.present();
-        self.staging_belt.recall();
     }
 
     pub fn resize(&mut self, size: &PhysicalSize<u32>) {
@@ -126,10 +123,9 @@ impl UiRenderer {
 
         surface.configure(&device, &config);
 
-        let staging_belt = StagingBelt::new(4096 * 4);
         let encoder = Self::create_encoder(&device);
 
-        let shape_pipeline = UiRenderNode::new(&device, &queue, &config, ui_limits);
+        let ui = UiRenderNode::new(&device, &queue, &config, ui_limits);
 
         Self {
             surface,
@@ -137,8 +133,7 @@ impl UiRenderer {
             queue,
             config,
             encoder,
-            staging_belt,
+            ui,
-            ui: shape_pipeline,
             window,
         }
     }

src/default/sense.rs

@@ -28,12 +28,13 @@ pub struct CursorSenses(Vec<CursorSense>);
 impl Event for CursorSenses {
     type Data<'a> = CursorData<'a>;
     type State = SensorState;
-    fn should_run(&self, data: &mut Self::Data<'_>) -> bool {
+    fn should_run<'a>(&self, data: &Self::Data<'a>) -> Option<Self::Data<'a>> {
-        if let Some(sense) = should_run(self, data.cursor, data.hover) {
+        if let Some(sense) = should_run(self, &data.cursor, data.hover) {
+            let mut data = data.clone();
             data.sense = sense;
-            true
+            Some(data)
         } else {
-            false
+            None
         }
     }
 }
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ pub enum ActivationState {
 /// or basically have some way to have custom senses
 /// that depend on active widget positions
 /// but I'm not sure how or if worth it
-pub struct Sensor<Ctx, Data> {
+pub struct Sensor<Ctx: HasEvents, Data> {
     pub senses: CursorSenses,
     pub f: Rc<dyn EventFn<Ctx, Data>>,
 }
@@ -127,29 +128,46 @@ pub struct SensorState {
     pub hover: ActivationState,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct CursorData<'a> {
     /// where this widget was hit
     pub pos: Vec2,
     pub size: Vec2,
     pub scroll_delta: Vec2,
     pub hover: ActivationState,
-    pub cursor: &'a CursorState,
+    pub cursor: CursorState,
     /// the first sense that triggered this
     pub sense: CursorSense,
+    pub render: &'a UiRenderState,
 }
 
-pub trait SensorUi<State> {
+pub trait SensorUi {
-    fn run_sensors(&mut self, cursor: &CursorState, window_size: Vec2);
+    fn run_sensors<Rsc: HasEvents>(
+        &self,
+        rsc: &mut Rsc,
+        state: &mut Rsc::State,
+        cursor: CursorState,
+        window_size: Vec2,
+    );
 }
 
-impl<State: RunEvents> SensorUi<State> for State {
+impl SensorUi for UiRenderState {
-    fn run_sensors(&mut self, cursor: &CursorState, window_size: Vec2) {
+    fn run_sensors<Rsc: HasEvents>(
-        let layers = std::mem::take(&mut self.ui_mut().layers);
+        &self,
-        let mut active = std::mem::take(&mut self.events_mut().get_type::<CursorSense>().active);
+        rsc: &mut Rsc,
-        for layer in layers.indices().rev() {
+        state: &mut Rsc::State,
+        cursor: CursorState,
+        window_size: Vec2,
+    ) {
+        // in order to remove this take, need to store active list in UiRenderState somehow
+        // this would probably be done through a generic parameter that adds yet another rsc /
+        // state like thing, but local to render state, and is passed to UiRsc events so you can
+        // update it there?
+        let mut active = std::mem::take(&mut rsc.events_mut().get_type::<CursorSense>().active);
+        for layer in self.layers.indices().rev() {
             let mut sensed = false;
             for (id, sensor) in active.get_mut(&layer).into_flat_iter() {
-                let shape = self.ui().active.get(id).unwrap().region;
+                let shape = self.active.get(id).unwrap().region;
                 let region = shape.to_px(window_size);
                 let in_shape = cursor.exists && region.contains(cursor.pos);
                 sensor.hover.update(in_shape);
@@ -158,7 +176,9 @@ impl<State: RunEvents> SensorUi<State> for State {
                 }
                 sensed = true;
 
-                let mut data = CursorData {
+                let cursor = cursor.clone();
+
+                let data = CursorData {
                     pos: cursor.pos - region.top_left,
                     size: region.bot_right - region.top_left,
                     scroll_delta: cursor.scroll_delta,
@@ -167,15 +187,15 @@ impl<State: RunEvents> SensorUi<State> for State {
                     // this does not have any meaning;
                     // might wanna set up Event to have a prepare stage
                     sense: CursorSense::Hovering,
+                    render: self,
                 };
-                self.run_event::<CursorSense>(*id, &mut data);
+                rsc.run_event::<CursorSense>(*id, data, state);
             }
             if sensed {
                 break;
             }
         }
-        self.events_mut().get_type::<CursorSense>().active = active;
+        rsc.events_mut().get_type::<CursorSense>().active = active;
-        self.ui_mut().layers = layers;
     }
 }
 

src/default/state.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+use iris_core::{
+    WidgetId,
+    util::{HashMap, HashSet},
+};
+use std::{
+    any::{Any, TypeId},
+    marker::PhantomData,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+struct Key {
+    id: WidgetId,
+    ty: TypeId,
+    i: usize,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct WidgetState {
+    widgets: HashMap<WidgetId, HashSet<(TypeId, usize)>>,
+    counts: HashMap<(WidgetId, TypeId), usize>,
+    map: HashMap<Key, Box<dyn Any>>,
+}
+
+impl WidgetState {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+    pub fn add<T: 'static>(&mut self, id: WidgetId, data: T) -> WeakState<T> {
+        let ty = TypeId::of::<T>();
+        let count = self.counts.entry((id, ty)).or_default();
+        let i = *count;
+        let key = Key { ty, i, id };
+        self.map.insert(key, Box::new(data));
+        self.widgets.entry(id).or_default().insert((ty, i));
+        *count += 1;
+        WeakState {
+            key,
+            _pd: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn remove(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
+        for &(ty, i) in self.widgets.get(&id).into_iter().flatten() {
+            self.map.remove(&Key { id, ty, i });
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn get<T: 'static>(&self, state: WeakState<T>) -> &T {
+        self.map.get(&state.key).unwrap().downcast_ref().unwrap()
+    }
+    pub fn get_mut<T: 'static>(&mut self, state: WeakState<T>) -> &mut T {
+        self.map
+            .get_mut(&state.key)
+            .unwrap()
+            .downcast_mut()
+            .unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct WeakState<T> {
+    key: Key,
+    _pd: PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+pub trait HasWidgetState {
+    fn widget_state(&self) -> &WidgetState;
+    fn widget_state_mut(&mut self) -> &mut WidgetState;
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: 'static> FnOnce<(&'a mut WidgetState,)> for WeakState<T> {
+    type Output = &'a mut T;
+
+    extern "rust-call" fn call_once(self, (state,): (&'a mut WidgetState,)) -> Self::Output {
+        state.get_mut(self)
+    }
+}

src/default/task.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+use iris_core::HasState;
+use std::{
+    pin::Pin,
+    sync::{
+        Arc,
+        mpsc::{Receiver as SyncReceiver, Sender as SyncSender, channel as sync_channel},
+    },
+};
+use tokio::{
+    runtime::Runtime,
+    sync::mpsc::{
+        UnboundedReceiver as AsyncReceiver, UnboundedSender as AsyncSender,
+        unbounded_channel as async_channel,
+    },
+};
+use winit::window::Window;
+
+pub type TaskMsgSender<Rsc> = SyncSender<Box<dyn TaskUpdate<Rsc>>>;
+pub type TaskMsgReceiver<Rsc> = SyncReceiver<Box<dyn TaskUpdate<Rsc>>>;
+
+pub trait TaskUpdate<Rsc: HasState>: FnOnce(&mut Rsc::State, &mut Rsc) + Send {}
+impl<F: FnOnce(&mut Rsc::State, &mut Rsc) + Send, Rsc: HasState> TaskUpdate<Rsc> for F {}
+
+pub struct Tasks<Rsc: HasState> {
+    start: AsyncSender<BoxTask>,
+    window: Arc<Window>,
+    msg_send: SyncSender<Box<dyn TaskUpdate<Rsc>>>,
+}
+
+pub struct TaskCtx<Rsc: HasState> {
+    send: TaskMsgSender<Rsc>,
+}
+
+impl<Rsc: HasState> TaskCtx<Rsc> {
+    pub fn update(&mut self, f: impl TaskUpdate<Rsc> + 'static) {
+        let _ = self.send.send(Box::new(f));
+    }
+}
+impl<Rsc: HasState + 'static> TaskCtx<Rsc> {
+    fn new(send: TaskMsgSender<Rsc>) -> Self {
+        Self { send }
+    }
+}
+
+type BoxTask = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>>;
+
+impl<Rsc: HasState> Tasks<Rsc> {
+    pub fn init(window: Arc<Window>) -> (Self, TaskMsgReceiver<Rsc>) {
+        let (start, start_recv) = async_channel();
+        let (msgs, msgs_recv) = sync_channel();
+        std::thread::spawn(|| {
+            let rt = Runtime::new().unwrap();
+            rt.block_on(listen(start_recv))
+        });
+        (
+            Self {
+                start,
+                msg_send: msgs,
+                window,
+            },
+            msgs_recv,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn spawn<F: AsyncFnOnce(TaskCtx<Rsc>) + 'static + std::marker::Send>(&mut self, task: F)
+    where
+        F::CallOnceFuture: Send,
+    {
+        let send = self.msg_send.clone();
+        let window = self.window.clone();
+        let _ = self.start.send(Box::pin(async move {
+            task(TaskCtx::new(send)).await;
+            window.request_redraw();
+        }));
+    }
+}
+
+async fn listen(mut recv: AsyncReceiver<BoxTask>) {
+    while let Some(task) = recv.recv().await {
+        tokio::spawn(task);
+    }
+}

src/event.rs

@@ -1,25 +1,80 @@
-use crate::prelude::*;
+use iris_core::*;
+use iris_macro::*;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
-pub mod eventable {
+use crate::default::{TaskCtx, TaskUpdate, Tasks};
-    use super::*;
+
-    widget_trait! {
+pub trait Eventable<Rsc: HasEvents, Tag>: WidgetLike<Rsc, Tag> {
-        pub trait Eventable<State: HasEvents + StateLike<State> + 'static>;
+    fn on<E: EventLike>(
-        fn on<E: EventLike>(
+        self,
-            self,
+        event: E,
-            event: E,
+        f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<Rsc, <E::Event as Event>::Data<'a>, Self::Widget>,
-            f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<State::State, <E::Event as Event>::Data<'a>, WL::Widget>,
+    ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<Rsc, Self::Widget> {
-        ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State, WL::Widget> {
+        move |rsc| {
-            move |state| {
+            let id = self.add(rsc);
-                let id = self.add(state);
+            rsc.register_event(id, event.into_event(), move |ctx, rsc| {
-                state.register_event(id, event.into_event(), move |ctx| {
+                f(
-                    f(&mut EventIdCtx {
+                    EventIdCtx {
                         widget: id,
                         state: ctx.state,
                         data: ctx.data,
-                    });
+                    },
-                });
+                    rsc,
-                id
+                );
-            }
+            });
+            id
         }
     }
 }
+impl<WL: WidgetLike<Rsc, Tag>, Rsc: HasEvents, Tag> Eventable<Rsc, Tag> for WL {}
+
+widget_trait! {
+    pub trait TaskEventable<Rsc: HasEvents + HasTasks>;
+    fn task_on<'a, E: EventLike, F: AsyncWidgetEventFn<Rsc, WL::Widget>>(
+        self,
+        event: E,
+        f: F,
+    ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<Rsc, WL::Widget>
+        where <E::Event as Event>::Data<'a>: Send,
+        for<'b> F::CallRefFuture<'b>: Send,
+    {
+        let f = Arc::new(f);
+        move |rsc| {
+            let id = self.add(rsc);
+            rsc.register_event(id, event.into_event(), move |_, rsc| {
+                let f = f.clone();
+                rsc.tasks_mut().spawn(async move |task| {
+                    f(AsyncEventIdCtx {
+                        widget: id,
+                        task,
+                    }).await;
+                });
+            });
+            id
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait HasTasks: Sized + HasState + HasEvents {
+    fn tasks_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Tasks<Self>;
+}
+
+pub trait AsyncWidgetEventFn<Rsc: HasEvents, W: ?Sized>:
+    AsyncFn(AsyncEventIdCtx<Rsc, W>) + Send + Sync + 'static
+{
+}
+impl<Rsc: HasEvents, F: AsyncFn(AsyncEventIdCtx<Rsc, W>) + Send + Sync + 'static, W: ?Sized>
+    AsyncWidgetEventFn<Rsc, W> for F
+{
+}
+
+pub struct AsyncEventIdCtx<Rsc: HasEvents, W: ?Sized> {
+    pub widget: WeakWidget<W>,
+    task: TaskCtx<Rsc>,
+}
+
+impl<Rsc: HasEvents, W: ?Sized> AsyncEventIdCtx<Rsc, W> {
+    pub fn update(&mut self, f: impl TaskUpdate<Rsc> + 'static) {
+        self.task.update(f);
+    }
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -4,28 +4,15 @@
 #![feature(associated_type_defaults)]
 #![feature(unsize)]
 #![feature(option_into_flat_iter)]
+#![feature(async_fn_traits)]
 
 pub mod default;
 pub mod event;
-pub mod typed;
 pub mod widget;
 
 pub use iris_core as core;
 pub use iris_macro as macros;
 
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! state_prelude {
-    ($vis:vis $state:ty) => {
-        iris::event_state!($vis $state);
-        $vis use iris::{
-            default::*,
-            core::{len_fns::*, util::Vec2, *},
-            macros::*,
-            widget::*,
-        };
-    };
-}
-
 pub mod prelude {
     use super::*;
     pub use default::*;
@@ -35,5 +22,5 @@ pub mod prelude {
     pub use widget::*;
 
     pub use iris_core::util::Vec2;
-    pub use typed::*;
+    pub use len_fns::*;
 }

src/typed.rs

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! event_state {
-    ($vis:vis $state:ty) => {
-        mod local_event_trait {
-            use super::*;
-            #[allow(unused_imports)]
-            use $crate::prelude::*;
-            pub trait EventableCtx<WL: WidgetLike<$state, Tag>, Tag> {
-                fn on<E: EventLike>(
-                    self,
-                    event: E,
-                    f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<
-                        <$state as HasState>::State,
-                        <E::Event as Event>::Data<'a>,
-                        WL::Widget
-                    >,
-                ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<$state, WL::Widget>;
-            }
-            impl<WL: WidgetLike<$state, Tag>, Tag> EventableCtx<WL, Tag> for WL {
-                fn on<E: EventLike>(
-                    self,
-                    event: E,
-                    f: impl for<'a> WidgetEventFn<
-                        <$state as HasState>::State,
-                        <E::Event as Event>::Data<'a>,
-                        WL::Widget
-                    >,
-                ) -> impl WidgetIdFn<$state, WL::Widget> {
-                    eventable::Eventable::on(self, event, f)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        $vis type EventManager = $crate::prelude::EventManager<<$state as HasState>::State>;
-        $vis use local_event_trait::*;
-    };
-}
-pub use event_state;

src/widget/image.rs

@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ impl Widget for Image {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn image<State: HasUi>(image: impl LoadableImage) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Image> {
+pub fn image<State: UiRsc>(image: impl LoadableImage) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Image> {
     let image = image.get_image().expect("Failed to load image");
     move |state| Image {
-        handle: state.get_mut().add_texture(image),
+        handle: state.ui_mut().textures.add(image),
     }
 }
 

src/widget/mask.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct Masked {
-    pub inner: WidgetHandle,
+    pub inner: StrongWidget,
 }
 
 impl Widget for Masked {

src/widget/position/align.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct Aligned {
-    pub inner: WidgetHandle,
+    pub inner: StrongWidget,
     pub align: Align,
 }
 

src/widget/position/layer.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct LayerOffset {
-    pub inner: WidgetHandle,
+    pub inner: StrongWidget,
     pub offset: usize,
 }
 

src/widget/position/max_size.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct MaxSize {
-    pub inner: WidgetHandle,
+    pub inner: StrongWidget,
     pub x: Option<Len>,
     pub y: Option<Len>,
 }

src/widget/position/offset.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct Offset {
-    pub inner: WidgetHandle,
+    pub inner: StrongWidget,
     pub amt: UiVec2,
 }
 

src/widget/position/pad.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct Pad {
     pub padding: Padding,
-    pub inner: WidgetHandle,
+    pub inner: StrongWidget,
 }
 
 impl Widget for Pad {

src/widget/position/scroll.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct Scroll {
-    inner: WidgetHandle,
+    inner: StrongWidget,
     axis: Axis,
     amt: f32,
     snap_end: bool,
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl Widget for Scroll {
 }
 
 impl Scroll {
-    pub fn new(inner: WidgetHandle, axis: Axis) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(inner: StrongWidget, axis: Axis) -> Self {
         Self {
             inner,
             axis,

src/widget/position/sized.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct Sized {
-    pub inner: WidgetHandle,
+    pub inner: StrongWidget,
     pub x: Option<Len>,
     pub y: Option<Len>,
 }

src/widget/position/span.rs

@@ -2,19 +2,18 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 pub struct Span {
-    pub children: Vec<WidgetHandle>,
+    pub children: Vec<StrongWidget>,
     pub dir: Dir,
     pub gap: f32,
 }
 
 impl Widget for Span {
     fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) {
-        let total = self.len_sum();
+        let total = self.len_sum(&mut painter.size_ctx());
         let mut start = UiScalar::rel_min();
         for child in &self.children {
             let mut span = UiSpan::FULL;
             span.start = start;
-            painter.widget(id);
             let len = painter.len_axis(child, self.dir.axis);
             if len.rest > 0.0 {
                 let offset = UiScalar::new(total.rel, total.abs);
@@ -33,6 +32,20 @@ impl Widget for Span {
             start.abs += self.gap;
         }
     }
+
+    fn desired_width(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
+        match self.dir.axis {
+            Axis::X => self.desired_len(ctx),
+            Axis::Y => self.desired_ortho(ctx),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn desired_height(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
+        match self.dir.axis {
+            Axis::X => self.desired_ortho(ctx),
+            Axis::Y => self.desired_len(ctx),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Span {
@@ -49,14 +62,30 @@ impl Span {
         self
     }
 
-    pub fn push(&mut self, w: WidgetHandle) {
+    pub fn push(&mut self, w: StrongWidget) {
         self.children.push(w);
     }
 
-    pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<WidgetHandle> {
+    pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<StrongWidget> {
         self.children.pop()
     }
 
+    fn len_sum(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
+        let gap = self.gap * self.children.len().saturating_sub(1) as f32;
+        self.children.iter().fold(Len::abs(gap), |mut s, id| {
+            // it's tempting to subtract the abs & rel from the ctx outer,
+            // but that would create inconsistent sizing if you put
+            // a rest first vs last & only speed up in one direction.
+            // I think this is only solvable by restricting how you can
+            // compute size, bc currently you need child to define parent's
+            // sectioning and you need parent's sectioning to define child.
+            // Fortunately, that doesn't matter in most cases
+            let len = ctx.len_axis(id, self.dir.axis);
+            s += len;
+            s
+        })
+    }
+
     fn desired_len(&mut self, ctx: &mut SizeCtx) -> Len {
         let len = self.len_sum(ctx);
         if len.rest == 0.0 && len.rel == 0.0 {
@@ -130,15 +159,15 @@ pub struct SpanBuilder<State, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, Ta
     _pd: PhantomData<(State, Tag)>,
 }
 
-impl<State: StateLike<State>, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, Tag>, Tag>
+impl<Rsc, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<Rsc, LEN, Tag>, Tag> WidgetFnTrait<Rsc>
-    WidgetFnTrait<State> for SpanBuilder<State, LEN, Wa, Tag>
+    for SpanBuilder<Rsc, LEN, Wa, Tag>
 {
     type Widget = Span;
 
     #[track_caller]
-    fn run(self, state: &mut State) -> Self::Widget {
+    fn run(self, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> Self::Widget {
         Span {
-            children: self.children.add(state).arr.into_iter().collect(),
+            children: self.children.add(rsc).arr.into_iter().collect(),
             dir: self.dir,
             gap: self.gap,
         }
@@ -164,7 +193,7 @@ impl<State, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, Tag>, Tag>
 }
 
 impl std::ops::Deref for Span {
-    type Target = Vec<WidgetHandle>;
+    type Target = Vec<StrongWidget>;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
         &self.children

src/widget/position/stack.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub struct Stack {
-    pub children: Vec<WidgetHandle>,
+    pub children: Vec<StrongWidget>,
     pub size: StackSize,
 }
 
@@ -48,14 +48,15 @@ pub struct StackBuilder<State, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, T
     _pd: PhantomData<(State, Tag)>,
 }
 
-impl<State: StateLike<State>, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, Tag>, Tag> FnOnce<(&mut State,)>
+impl<Rsc, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<Rsc, LEN, Tag>, Tag> WidgetFnTrait<Rsc>
-    for StackBuilder<State, LEN, Wa, Tag>
+    for StackBuilder<Rsc, LEN, Wa, Tag>
 {
-    type Output = Stack;
+    type Widget = Stack;
 
-    extern "rust-call" fn call_once(self, args: (&mut State,)) -> Self::Output {
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn run(self, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> Self::Widget {
         Stack {
-            children: self.children.add(args.0).arr.into_iter().collect(),
+            children: self.children.add(rsc).arr.into_iter().collect(),
             size: self.size,
         }
     }

src/widget/ptr.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 use std::marker::{Sized, Unsize};
 
 pub struct WidgetPtr {
-    pub inner: Option<WidgetHandle>,
+    pub inner: Option<StrongWidget>,
 }
 
 impl Widget for WidgetPtr {
@@ -38,14 +38,14 @@ impl WidgetPtr {
             inner: Default::default(),
         }
     }
-    pub fn set<W: ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>>(&mut self, to: WidgetHandle<W>) {
+    pub fn set<W: ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>>(&mut self, to: StrongWidget<W>) {
         self.inner = Some(to)
     }
 
     pub fn replace<W: ?Sized + Unsize<dyn Widget>>(
         &mut self,
-        to: WidgetHandle<W>,
+        to: StrongWidget<W>,
-    ) -> Option<WidgetHandle> {
+    ) -> Option<StrongWidget> {
         self.inner.replace(to)
     }
 }

src/widget/text/build.rs

@@ -51,15 +51,15 @@ impl<State, O, H: WidgetOption<State>> TextBuilder<State, O, H> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<State: HasUi + StateLike<State>, O> TextBuilder<State, O> {
+impl<Rsc: UiRsc, O> TextBuilder<Rsc, O> {
-    pub fn hint<W: WidgetLike<State, Tag>, Tag>(
+    pub fn hint<W: WidgetLike<Rsc, Tag>, Tag>(
         self,
         hint: W,
-    ) -> TextBuilder<State, O, impl WidgetOption<State>> {
+    ) -> TextBuilder<Rsc, O, impl WidgetOption<Rsc>> {
         TextBuilder {
             content: self.content,
             attrs: self.attrs,
-            hint: move |ui: &mut State| Some(hint.add_strong(ui).any()),
+            hint: move |rsc: &mut Rsc| Some(hint.add_strong(rsc).any()),
             output: self.output,
             state: PhantomData,
         }
@@ -75,19 +75,19 @@ pub trait TextBuilderOutput<State>: Sized {
 }
 
 pub struct TextOutput;
-impl<State: HasUi> TextBuilderOutput<State> for TextOutput {
+impl<Rsc: UiRsc> TextBuilderOutput<Rsc> for TextOutput {
     type Output = Text;
 
-    fn run<H: WidgetOption<State>>(
+    fn run<H: WidgetOption<Rsc>>(
-        state: &mut State,
+        state: &mut Rsc,
-        builder: TextBuilder<State, Self, H>,
+        builder: TextBuilder<Rsc, Self, H>,
     ) -> Self::Output {
         let mut buf = TextBuffer::new_empty(Metrics::new(
             builder.attrs.font_size,
             builder.attrs.line_height,
         ));
         let hint = builder.hint.get(state);
-        let font_system = &mut state.get_mut().text.font_system;
+        let font_system = &mut state.ui_mut().text.font_system;
         buf.set_text(font_system, &builder.content, &Attrs::new(), SHAPING, None);
         let mut text = Text {
             content: builder.content.into(),
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ pub struct TextEditOutput {
     mode: EditMode,
 }
 
-impl<State: HasUi> TextBuilderOutput<State> for TextEditOutput {
+impl<State: UiRsc> TextBuilderOutput<State> for TextEditOutput {
     type Output = TextEdit;
 
     fn run<H: WidgetOption<State>>(
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl<State: HasUi> TextBuilderOutput<State> for TextEditOutput {
             TextView::new(buf, builder.attrs, builder.hint.get(state)),
             builder.output.mode,
         );
-        let font_system = &mut state.get_mut().text.font_system;
+        let font_system = &mut state.ui_mut().text.font_system;
         text.buf
             .set_text(font_system, &builder.content, &Attrs::new(), SHAPING, None);
         builder.attrs.apply(font_system, &mut text.buf, None);

src/widget/text/edit.rs

@@ -617,11 +617,11 @@ impl DerefMut for TextEdit {
 }
 
 pub trait TextEditable {
-    fn edit<'a>(&self, ui: &'a mut impl HasUi) -> TextEditCtx<'a>;
+    fn edit<'a>(&self, ui: &'a mut impl UiRsc) -> TextEditCtx<'a>;
 }
 
 impl<I: IdLike<Widget = TextEdit>> TextEditable for I {
-    fn edit<'a>(&self, ui: &'a mut impl HasUi) -> TextEditCtx<'a> {
+    fn edit<'a>(&self, ui: &'a mut impl UiRsc) -> TextEditCtx<'a> {
         let ui = ui.ui_mut();
         TextEditCtx {
             text: ui.widgets.get_mut(self).unwrap(),

src/widget/text/mod.rs

@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ pub struct TextView {
     // cache
     tex: Option<RenderedText>,
     width: Option<f32>,
-    pub hint: Option<WidgetHandle>,
+    pub hint: Option<StrongWidget>,
 }
 
 impl TextView {
-    pub fn new(buf: TextBuffer, attrs: TextAttrs, hint: Option<WidgetHandle>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(buf: TextBuffer, attrs: TextAttrs, hint: Option<StrongWidget>) -> Self {
         Self {
             attrs: attrs.into(),
             buf: buf.into(),

src/widget/trait_fns.rs

@@ -3,35 +3,35 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 
 // these methods should "not require any context" (require unit) because they're in core
 widget_trait! {
-    pub trait CoreWidget<State: HasUi + StateLike<State> + 'static>;
+    pub trait CoreWidget<Rsc: UiRsc + 'static>;
 
-    fn pad(self, padding: impl Into<Padding>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Pad> {
+    fn pad(self, padding: impl Into<Padding>) -> impl WidgetFn<Rsc, Pad> {
         |state| Pad {
             padding: padding.into(),
             inner: self.add_strong(state),
         }
     }
 
-    fn align(self, align: impl Into<Align>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Aligned> {
+    fn align(self, align: impl Into<Align>) -> impl WidgetFn<Rsc, Aligned> {
         move |state| Aligned {
             inner: self.add_strong(state),
             align: align.into(),
         }
     }
 
-    fn center(self) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Aligned> {
+    fn center(self) -> impl WidgetFn<Rsc, Aligned> {
         self.align(Align::CENTER)
     }
 
-    fn label(self, label: impl Into<String>) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State, WL::Widget> {
+    fn label(self, label: impl Into<String>) -> impl WidgetIdFn<Rsc, WL::Widget> {
         |state| {
             let id = self.add(state);
-            state.get_mut().set_label(id, label.into());
+            state.ui_mut().widgets.set_label(id, label.into());
             id
         }
     }
 
-    fn sized(self, size: impl Into<Size>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Sized> {
+    fn sized(self, size: impl Into<Size>) -> impl WidgetFn<Rsc, Sized> {
         let size = size.into();
         move |state| Sized {
             inner: self.add_strong(state),
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ widget_trait! {
         }
     }
 
-    fn max_width(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, MaxSize> {
+    fn max_width(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<Rsc, MaxSize> {
         let len = len.into();
         move |state| MaxSize {
             inner: self.add_strong(state),
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ widget_trait! {
         }
     }
 
-    fn max_height(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, MaxSize> {
+    fn max_height(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<Rsc, MaxSize> {
         let len = len.into();
         move |state| MaxSize {
             inner: self.add_strong(state),
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ widget_trait! {
         }
     }
 
-    fn width(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Sized> {
+    fn width(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<Rsc, Sized> {
         let len = len.into();
         move |state| Sized {
             inner: self.add_strong(state),
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ widget_trait! {
         }
     }
 
-    fn height(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Sized> {
+    fn height(self, len: impl Into<Len>) -> impl WidgetFn<Rsc, Sized> {
         let len = len.into();
         move |state| Sized {
             inner: self.add_strong(state),
@@ -76,65 +76,64 @@ widget_trait! {
         }
     }
 
-    fn offset(self, amt: impl Into<UiVec2>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Offset> {
+    fn offset(self, amt: impl Into<UiVec2>) -> impl WidgetFn<Rsc, Offset> {
         move |state| Offset {
             inner: self.add_strong(state),
             amt: amt.into(),
         }
     }
 
-    fn scrollable(self) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State, Scroll> where State: HasEvents {
+    fn scrollable(self) -> impl WidgetIdFn<Rsc, Scroll> where Rsc: HasEvents {
-        use eventable::*;
         move |state| {
             Scroll::new(self.add_strong(state), Axis::Y)
-                .on(CursorSense::Scroll, |ctx: &mut EventIdCtx<'_, State::State, CursorData<'_>, Scroll>| {
+                .on(CursorSense::Scroll, |ctx, rsc| {
                     let delta = ctx.data.scroll_delta.y * 50.0;
-                    ctx.widget().scroll(delta);
+                    ctx.widget(rsc).scroll(delta);
                 })
                 .add(state)
         }
     }
 
-    fn masked(self) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Masked> {
+    fn masked(self) -> impl WidgetFn<Rsc, Masked> {
         move |state| Masked {
             inner: self.add_strong(state),
         }
     }
 
-    fn background<T>(self, w: impl WidgetLike<State, T>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Stack> {
+    fn background<T>(self, w: impl WidgetLike<Rsc, T>) -> impl WidgetFn<Rsc, Stack> {
         move |state| Stack {
             children: vec![w.add_strong(state), self.add_strong(state)],
             size: StackSize::Child(1),
         }
     }
 
-    fn foreground<T>(self, w: impl WidgetLike<State, T>) -> impl WidgetFn<State, Stack> {
+    fn foreground<T>(self, w: impl WidgetLike<Rsc, T>) -> impl WidgetFn<Rsc, Stack> {
         move |state| Stack {
             children: vec![self.add_strong(state), w.add_strong(state)],
             size: StackSize::Child(0),
         }
     }
 
-    fn layer_offset(self, offset: usize) -> impl WidgetFn<State, LayerOffset> {
+    fn layer_offset(self, offset: usize) -> impl WidgetFn<Rsc, LayerOffset> {
         move |state| LayerOffset {
             inner: self.add_strong(state),
             offset,
         }
     }
 
-    fn to_any(self) -> impl WidgetIdFn<State> {
+    fn to_any(self) -> impl WidgetIdFn<Rsc> {
         |state| self.add(state)
     }
 
-    fn set_ptr(self, ptr: WidgetRef<WidgetPtr>, state: &mut State) {
+    fn set_ptr(self, ptr: WeakWidget<WidgetPtr>, state: &mut Rsc) {
         let id = self.add_strong(state);
-        state.get_mut()[ptr].inner = Some(id);
+        state.ui_mut().widgets[ptr].inner = Some(id);
     }
 }
 
-pub trait CoreWidgetArr<State, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, Tag>, Tag> {
+pub trait CoreWidgetArr<Rsc, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<Rsc, LEN, Tag>, Tag> {
-    fn span(self, dir: Dir) -> SpanBuilder<State, LEN, Wa, Tag>;
+    fn span(self, dir: Dir) -> SpanBuilder<Rsc, LEN, Wa, Tag>;
-    fn stack(self) -> StackBuilder<State, LEN, Wa, Tag>;
+    fn stack(self) -> StackBuilder<Rsc, LEN, Wa, Tag>;
 }
 
 impl<State, const LEN: usize, Wa: WidgetArrLike<State, LEN, Tag>, Tag>