From 599d33287c8d91f879a553eccdc07f51ea706e4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: iris <2+iris@noreply.localhost>
Date: Thu, 10 Sep 2026 18:49:03 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] Add scoped overlay hosts

---
 app-rust/examples/phone.rs                |   2 +-
 app-rust/src/android/bench_client.rs      |   2 +-
 app-rust/src/android/transcript_client.rs |   2 +-
 app-rust/src/ui/fixture.rs                |   7 +-
 app-rust/src/ui/mod.rs                    |  11 +-
 app-rust/src/ui/row.rs                    |   7 +-
 app-rust/src/ui/tap.rs                    |   7 +-
 app-rust/tests/top_edge.rs                |   2 +-
 docs/IRIS_TODO.md                         |   5 -
 docs/RUST.md                              |  16 +-
 iris/core/src/event/controller.rs         |  30 +
 iris/core/src/event/rsc.rs                |  13 +-
 iris/core/src/widget/like.rs              |   8 +-
 iris/examples/bench_images.rs             |   2 +-
 iris/examples/message_list.rs             |   2 +-
 iris/src/android/ime.rs                   |   4 +-
 iris/src/android/view.rs                  |  13 +-
 iris/src/default/mod.rs                   |  11 +-
 iris/src/harness.rs                       |   6 +-
 iris/src/lib.rs                           |   2 +
 iris/src/overlay.rs                       | 812 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 iris/src/widget/text/selection.rs         |   2 +-
 iris/tabs-ui/src/lib.rs                   |   2 +-
 iris/tests/color_space.rs                 |   2 +-
 24 files changed, 910 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 iris/src/overlay.rs

diff --git a/app-rust/examples/phone.rs b/app-rust/examples/phone.rs
index 554a8cf..9985c9e 100644
--- a/app-rust/examples/phone.rs
+++ b/app-rust/examples/phone.rs
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ impl DefaultAppState for Client {
                     .pad(dp(16))
                     .add_strong(rsc)
                     .any();
-                ui_state.set_root(text);
+                ui_state.set_root(rsc, text);
                 None
             }
         };
diff --git a/app-rust/src/android/bench_client.rs b/app-rust/src/android/bench_client.rs
index dd2d72a..642fe22 100644
--- a/app-rust/src/android/bench_client.rs
+++ b/app-rust/src/android/bench_client.rs
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ impl AndroidAppState for BenchClient {
             .span(Dir::DOWN)
             .add_strong(rsc)
             .any();
-        ui_state.set_root(tree);
+        ui_state.set_root(rsc, tree);
 
         let font = rsc.ui.text.font_diagnostics();
         log::info!(
diff --git a/app-rust/src/android/transcript_client.rs b/app-rust/src/android/transcript_client.rs
index dca8a3b..b8554c3 100644
--- a/app-rust/src/android/transcript_client.rs
+++ b/app-rust/src/android/transcript_client.rs
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl AndroidAppState for TranscriptClient {
             .span(Dir::DOWN)
             .add_strong(rsc)
             .any();
-        ui_state.set_root(tree);
+        ui_state.set_root(rsc, tree);
 
         let mut client = Self {
             ui_state,
diff --git a/app-rust/src/ui/fixture.rs b/app-rust/src/ui/fixture.rs
index 08ed3fc..1daac68 100644
--- a/app-rust/src/ui/fixture.rs
+++ b/app-rust/src/ui/fixture.rs
@@ -99,12 +99,15 @@ where
     ))
 }
 
-pub fn open<Rsc: HasEvents>(rsc: &mut Rsc, ui_state: &mut impl HasRoot) -> Result<Opened, String>
+pub fn open<Rsc: HasEvents>(
+    rsc: &mut Rsc,
+    ui_state: &mut impl HasRoot<Rsc>,
+) -> Result<Opened, String>
 where
     Rsc::State: FocusHost + OpenUrl,
 {
     let (opened, tree) = build_screen(rsc)?;
-    ui_state.set_root(tree);
+    ui_state.set_root(rsc, tree);
     Ok(opened)
 }
 
diff --git a/app-rust/src/ui/mod.rs b/app-rust/src/ui/mod.rs
index 2dd3dc0..aaf68eb 100644
--- a/app-rust/src/ui/mod.rs
+++ b/app-rust/src/ui/mod.rs
@@ -224,14 +224,14 @@ impl TranscriptScreen {
 
 pub fn build<Rsc: HasEvents>(
     rsc: &mut Rsc,
-    ui_state: &mut impl HasRoot,
+    ui_state: &mut impl HasRoot<Rsc>,
     rows: Vec<FoldedRow>,
 ) -> TranscriptScreen
 where
     Rsc::State: FocusHost + OpenUrl,
 {
     let (screen, tree) = build_tree(rsc, rows);
-    ui_state.set_root(tree);
+    ui_state.set_root(rsc, tree);
     screen
 }
 
@@ -281,10 +281,9 @@ where
     {
         list.on(CursorSense::drag_senses(), move |ctx, rsc: &mut Rsc| {
             let input = &ctx.data;
-            rsc.with_nearest_controller::<SelectionController, _>(
-                list,
-                |id, selection, rsc| selection.drag(id, rsc, input),
-            );
+            rsc.with_nearest_controller::<SelectionController, _>(list, |id, selection, rsc| {
+                selection.drag(id, rsc, input)
+            });
         })
         .add(rsc);
     }
diff --git a/app-rust/src/ui/row.rs b/app-rust/src/ui/row.rs
index 67a4ab6..67906a8 100644
--- a/app-rust/src/ui/row.rs
+++ b/app-rust/src/ui/row.rs
@@ -214,10 +214,9 @@ where
             let (pos, size) = (ctx.data.pos, ctx.data.size);
             let input = &ctx.data;
             let outcome = rsc
-                .with_nearest_controller::<SelectionController, _>(
-                    field,
-                    |id, selection, rsc| selection.drag(id, rsc, input),
-                )
+                .with_nearest_controller::<SelectionController, _>(field, |id, selection, rsc| {
+                    selection.drag(id, rsc, input)
+                })
                 .unwrap_or(SelectionInput::Tapped);
             // A *tap*, decided by the same `DragArbiter` the pan and
             // the selection are: a gesture that panned the list past
diff --git a/app-rust/src/ui/tap.rs b/app-rust/src/ui/tap.rs
index 3bd8b32..875c0fc 100644
--- a/app-rust/src/ui/tap.rs
+++ b/app-rust/src/ui/tap.rs
@@ -11,10 +11,9 @@ pub(crate) fn on_tap<Rsc: HasEvents>(
     ptr.on(CursorSense::drag_senses(), move |ctx, rsc: &mut Rsc| {
         let input = &ctx.data;
         let outcome = rsc
-            .with_nearest_controller::<SelectionController, _>(
-                list,
-                |id, selection, rsc| selection.drag(id, rsc, input),
-            )
+            .with_nearest_controller::<SelectionController, _>(list, |id, selection, rsc| {
+                selection.drag(id, rsc, input)
+            })
             .unwrap_or(SelectionInput::Tapped);
         if outcome == SelectionInput::Tapped {
             f(rsc);
diff --git a/app-rust/tests/top_edge.rs b/app-rust/tests/top_edge.rs
index e6f4a16..b90c534 100644
--- a/app-rust/tests/top_edge.rs
+++ b/app-rust/tests/top_edge.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ fn opened() -> (Harness, ai_app::ui::TranscriptScreen) {
         .span(Dir::DOWN)
         .add_strong(&mut h.rsc)
         .any();
-    h.state.set_root(root);
+    h.state.set_root(&mut h.rsc, root);
     h.frame(0);
     h.frame(PHONE_FRAME_MS);
     (h, opened.screen)
diff --git a/docs/IRIS_TODO.md b/docs/IRIS_TODO.md
index 877d495..1bd9271 100644
--- a/docs/IRIS_TODO.md
+++ b/docs/IRIS_TODO.md
@@ -30,11 +30,6 @@ Framework capabilities needed by `RUST.md`'s port plan:
   range. The shared `TextSelection` engine already computes the same geometry
   for selection highlights; expose one shared primitive rather than giving
   the app a second text-layout path.
-- [ ] **A modal/dialog primitive.** (**P1**, reused by **P3** and
-  **P5**.) Needed for the session settings dialog, `UsageDialog`'s
-  equivalent, and the delete-with-`deleteForeign` confirmation with its
-  toggle switch. Build once, wherever it is first needed, rather than
-  once per screen that wants one.
 - [ ] **A horizontal gauge/bar widget.** (**P1**.) For
   `SessionUsageBar`'s equivalent — a bounded fill reflecting a fraction,
   nothing fancier.
diff --git a/docs/RUST.md b/docs/RUST.md
index cbe00e7..a258c22 100644
--- a/docs/RUST.md
+++ b/docs/RUST.md
@@ -678,8 +678,8 @@ it is both. This is an `app-rust` defect, not an iris framework item.
             `AI_SANDBOX_BIG_MB` and `--delay`.
       - [ ] **P1d — images, the session settings dialog, attachments,
             usage bar.** `SessionImage` thumbnails (the scaled image
-            widget), the modal primitive and `SessionSettingsDialog`/
-            `UsageDialog`, `PendingAttachments` over the attachments
+            widget), the existing overlay facility and
+            `SessionSettingsDialog`/`UsageDialog`, `PendingAttachments` over the attachments
             route (`api.rs` gap), `SessionUsageBar` (the gauge widget).
       - [ ] **P1e — keyboard and insets behaviours** from AGENTS.md's
             "Things that have bitten", re-verified on the phone build:
@@ -715,11 +715,11 @@ it is both. This is an `app-rust` defect, not an iris framework item.
       **iris widgets missing, → `IRIS_TODO.md`'s "Build (for the port)"
       section**: the distance-to-unloaded-edge query P1c needs for its
       viewport-sized history cushion; per-range text backgrounds for inline
-      code; a fitted image widget; one modal/dialog primitive reused by the
-      settings and usage dialogs; and a horizontal gauge for
-      `SessionUsageBar`. Tappable links already exist. Row accessibility
-      names are app content applied through iris's existing `.label()` API,
-      not a missing framework widget.
+      code; a fitted image widget; and a horizontal gauge for
+      `SessionUsageBar`. The settings and usage dialogs can use Iris's
+      existing local overlay hosts. Tappable links already exist. Row
+      accessibility names are app content applied through iris's existing
+      `.label()` API, not a missing framework widget.
 
       **Pass condition**: `app/ui-sandbox.sh`'s fixtures driven by
       `ui-trace record --do "tap '<label>'"` — a session with the big
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ it is both. This is an `app-rust` defect, not an iris framework item.
       dimmed, drained of colour and labelled with the operation in progress
       without blocking the list's scroll — so it belongs in `src/ui`, not
       iris. `uniqueItems` is app logic there too. Iris itself still needs
-      the modal primitive P1 flagged and a toggle switch for the
+      a toggle switch for the
       delete-with-`deleteForeign` flow.
 
       **Pass condition**: `ui-trace` tap-by-name on all four tabs against
diff --git a/iris/core/src/event/controller.rs b/iris/core/src/event/controller.rs
index 597ac6e..0b9f19e 100644
--- a/iris/core/src/event/controller.rs
+++ b/iris/core/src/event/controller.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ impl ControllerId {
     pub fn host(self) -> WidgetId {
         self.host
     }
+
+    pub fn is<C: 'static>(self) -> bool {
+        self.kind == TypeId::of::<C>()
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
@@ -44,6 +48,10 @@ pub trait Controller<Rsc>: ControllerValue {
     fn command(&mut self, _command: Command, _rsc: &mut Rsc) -> CommandResult {
         CommandResult::Unused
     }
+
+    fn blocks_prior_input(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct ControllerManager<Rsc> {
@@ -206,6 +214,16 @@ impl<Rsc: 'static> ControllerManager<Rsc> {
         self.command_target
     }
 
+    pub fn command_target_blocks_input(&self) -> bool {
+        let Some(id) = self.command_target else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        self.by_widget
+            .get(&id.host)
+            .and_then(|controllers| controllers.get(&id.kind))
+            .is_some_and(|controller| controller.blocks_prior_input())
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn command_target_revision(&self) -> u64 {
         self.command_target_revision
     }
@@ -214,6 +232,18 @@ impl<Rsc: 'static> ControllerManager<Rsc> {
         self.command_boundary
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn is_below(&self, mut widget: WidgetId, ancestor: WidgetId) -> bool {
+        loop {
+            let Some(parent) = self.parents.get(&widget).copied().flatten() else {
+                return false;
+            };
+            if parent == ancestor {
+                return true;
+            }
+            widget = parent;
+        }
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn set_command_boundary(&mut self, boundary: Option<WidgetId>) {
         self.command_boundary = boundary;
     }
diff --git a/iris/core/src/event/rsc.rs b/iris/core/src/event/rsc.rs
index d422dbb..2a72997 100644
--- a/iris/core/src/event/rsc.rs
+++ b/iris/core/src/event/rsc.rs
@@ -54,13 +54,12 @@ pub trait HasEvents: Sized + UiRsc + HasState {
 
     fn run_command(&mut self, command: Command) -> CommandResult {
         let revision = self.events().controllers.command_target_revision();
-        if self
-            .events()
-            .controllers
-            .command_target()
-            .is_some_and(|target| {
-                self.events().controllers.command_boundary() == Some(target.host())
-            })
+        if let Some(boundary) = self.events().controllers.command_boundary()
+            && self
+                .events()
+                .controllers
+                .command_target()
+                .is_none_or(|target| !self.events().controllers.is_below(target.host(), boundary))
         {
             return CommandResult::Unused;
         }
diff --git a/iris/core/src/widget/like.rs b/iris/core/src/widget/like.rs
index 5dec9f2..5a54371 100644
--- a/iris/core/src/widget/like.rs
+++ b/iris/core/src/widget/like.rs
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@ pub trait WidgetLike<Rsc: UiRsc, Tag>: Sized {
         }
     }
 
-    fn set_root(self, rsc: &mut Rsc, root: &mut impl HasRoot) {
+    fn set_root(self, rsc: &mut Rsc, root: &mut impl HasRoot<Rsc>) {
         let id = self.add_strong(rsc);
-        root.set_root(id);
+        root.set_root(rsc, id);
     }
 }
 
-pub trait HasRoot {
-    fn set_root(&mut self, root: StrongWidget);
+pub trait HasRoot<Rsc> {
+    fn set_root(&mut self, rsc: &mut Rsc, root: StrongWidget);
 }
 
 pub trait WidgetArrLike<Rsc, const LEN: usize, Tag> {
diff --git a/iris/examples/bench_images.rs b/iris/examples/bench_images.rs
index 4ece2c6..e08a670 100644
--- a/iris/examples/bench_images.rs
+++ b/iris/examples/bench_images.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ impl DefaultAppState for State {
             .ui
             .widgets
             .add_strong(ScrollArea::new(span.any(), Axis::Y, Pin::End));
-        ui_state.set_root(root.any());
+        ui_state.set_root(rsc, root.any());
         Self {
             ui_state,
             span: span_weak,
diff --git a/iris/examples/message_list.rs b/iris/examples/message_list.rs
index 4f98211..c8da116 100644
--- a/iris/examples/message_list.rs
+++ b/iris/examples/message_list.rs
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl DefaultAppState for State {
             .masked()
             .background(rect(PaintId::WHITE))
             .add_strong(rsc);
-        ui_state.set_root(root.any());
+        ui_state.set_root(rsc, root.any());
 
         Self { ui_state }
     }
diff --git a/iris/src/android/ime.rs b/iris/src/android/ime.rs
index 92cb0f9..b76a523 100644
--- a/iris/src/android/ime.rs
+++ b/iris/src/android/ime.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ fn utf16_to_byte(text: &str, utf16_idx: usize) -> usize {
 
 impl<State: AndroidAppState> IrisViewPeer<State> {
     fn focus(&self) -> Option<WeakWidget<TextEdit>> {
-        self.state.android_state().focus
+        (!self.rsc.events.controllers.command_target_blocks_input())
+            .then_some(self.state.android_state().focus)
+            .flatten()
     }
 
     pub(super) fn update_ime_selection(&mut self, ctx: &mut CallbackCtx) {
diff --git a/iris/src/android/view.rs b/iris/src/android/view.rs
index 48b2de5..7328c7d 100644
--- a/iris/src/android/view.rs
+++ b/iris/src/android/view.rs
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ impl AndroidUiState {
     }
 }
 
-impl HasRoot for AndroidUiState {
-    fn set_root(&mut self, root: StrongWidget) {
-        self.root = Some(root);
+impl<State: 'static> HasRoot<AndroidRsc<State>> for AndroidUiState {
+    fn set_root(&mut self, rsc: &mut AndroidRsc<State>, root: StrongWidget) {
+        self.root = Some(crate::overlay::default_overlay_root(rsc, root));
     }
 }
 
@@ -463,12 +463,19 @@ impl<State: AndroidAppState> ViewPeer for IrisViewPeer<State> {
         // `android/insets.rs`'s doc comment for why insets could not take
         // the same shortcut.
         if key_code == Keycode::Back {
+            if self.rsc.run_command(Command::Escape) != CommandResult::Unused {
+                self.after_input(ctx);
+                return true;
+            }
             let handled = self.state.back_pressed(&mut self.rsc, &mut self.render);
             if handled {
                 self.after_input(ctx);
             }
             return handled;
         }
+        if self.rsc.events.controllers.command_target_blocks_input() {
+            return true;
+        }
         let handled = super::input::on_key(
             &mut self.rsc,
             &mut self.state,
diff --git a/iris/src/default/mod.rs b/iris/src/default/mod.rs
index 74efc7d..c785efb 100644
--- a/iris/src/default/mod.rs
+++ b/iris/src/default/mod.rs
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ pub struct DefaultUiState {
     pub access: AccessTree,
 }
 
-impl HasRoot for DefaultUiState {
-    fn set_root(&mut self, root: StrongWidget) {
-        self.root = Some(root);
+impl<State: 'static> HasRoot<DefaultRsc<State>> for DefaultUiState {
+    fn set_root(&mut self, rsc: &mut DefaultRsc<State>, root: StrongWidget) {
+        self.root = Some(crate::overlay::default_overlay_root(rsc, root));
     }
 }
 
@@ -371,6 +371,7 @@ impl<State: DefaultAppState> AppState for DefaultApp<State> {
                     CommandResult::Unused => false,
                 };
                 if !command_used
+                    && !rsc.events.controllers.command_target_blocks_input()
                     && let Some(sel) = ui_state.focus
                     && event.state.is_pressed()
                 {
@@ -402,7 +403,9 @@ impl<State: DefaultAppState> AppState for DefaultApp<State> {
                 }
             }
             WindowEvent::Ime(ime) => {
-                if let Some(sel) = ui_state.focus {
+                if !rsc.events.controllers.command_target_blocks_input()
+                    && let Some(sel) = ui_state.focus
+                {
                     let mut text = sel.edit(rsc);
                     match ime {
                         Ime::Enabled | Ime::Disabled => (),
diff --git a/iris/src/harness.rs b/iris/src/harness.rs
index f75040d..7eebb5a 100644
--- a/iris/src/harness.rs
+++ b/iris/src/harness.rs
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ impl HarnessState {
     }
 }
 
-impl HasRoot for HarnessState {
-    fn set_root(&mut self, root: StrongWidget) {
-        self.root = Some(root);
+impl HasRoot<HarnessRsc> for HarnessState {
+    fn set_root(&mut self, rsc: &mut HarnessRsc, root: StrongWidget) {
+        self.root = Some(crate::overlay::default_overlay_root(rsc, root));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/iris/src/lib.rs b/iris/src/lib.rs
index af647fe..b7dd1fd 100644
--- a/iris/src/lib.rs
+++ b/iris/src/lib.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ pub mod attr;
 pub mod diagnostics;
 pub mod event;
 pub mod harness;
+pub mod overlay;
 pub mod platform;
 pub mod sense;
 pub mod state;
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ pub mod prelude {
     pub use event::*;
     pub use iris_core::*;
     pub use iris_macro::*;
+    pub use overlay::*;
     pub use platform::*;
     pub use sense::*;
     pub use state::*;
diff --git a/iris/src/overlay.rs b/iris/src/overlay.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdfedc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iris/src/overlay.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,812 @@
+//! Optional overlays over an ordinary [`Stack`].
+//!
+//! An overlay host owns independent single and stackable controllers. Opening
+//! any overlay removes the active single on each host the request traverses;
+//! stackables remain in opening order, and the host's optional single is
+//! always its final child. Controller lookup follows the active parent map
+//! maintained by `EventManager`, so callers need only the requesting widget,
+//! not access to `UiRenderState`.
+
+use crate::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum OverlayKind {
+    Single,
+    Stackable,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum CancelBehavior {
+    Consume,
+    PassThrough,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct OverlayOptions {
+    pub kind: OverlayKind,
+    pub cancel: CancelBehavior,
+    pub blocks_prior_input: bool,
+}
+
+impl OverlayOptions {
+    pub const fn single(cancel: CancelBehavior) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kind: OverlayKind::Single,
+            cancel,
+            blocks_prior_input: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub const fn stackable(cancel: CancelBehavior) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kind: OverlayKind::Stackable,
+            cancel,
+            blocks_prior_input: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub const fn blocking(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.blocks_prior_input = true;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct OverlayHostOptions {
+    pub single: bool,
+    pub stackable: bool,
+}
+
+impl OverlayHostOptions {
+    pub const BOTH: Self = Self {
+        single: true,
+        stackable: true,
+    };
+    pub const SINGLE: Self = Self {
+        single: true,
+        stackable: false,
+    };
+    pub const STACKABLE: Self = Self {
+        single: false,
+        stackable: true,
+    };
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct OverlayHandle {
+    host: WidgetId,
+    kind: OverlayKind,
+    serial: u64,
+}
+
+impl OverlayHandle {
+    pub fn close<Rsc: HasEvents>(self, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> bool {
+        match self.kind {
+            OverlayKind::Single => {
+                let Some(id) = rsc
+                    .events()
+                    .controllers
+                    .id::<SingleOverlayController>(self.host)
+                else {
+                    return false;
+                };
+                rsc.with_controller(id, |controller: &mut SingleOverlayController, rsc| {
+                    controller.close(id, self.serial, rsc)
+                })
+                .unwrap_or(false)
+            }
+            OverlayKind::Stackable => {
+                let Some(id) = rsc
+                    .events()
+                    .controllers
+                    .id::<StackableOverlayController>(self.host)
+                else {
+                    return false;
+                };
+                rsc.with_controller(id, |controller: &mut StackableOverlayController, rsc| {
+                    controller.close(id, self.serial, rsc)
+                })
+                .unwrap_or(false)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct OverlayEntry {
+    serial: u64,
+    widget: WidgetId,
+    previous_target: Option<ControllerId>,
+    cancel: CancelBehavior,
+    blocks_prior_input: bool,
+}
+
+pub struct SingleOverlayController {
+    stack: WeakWidget<Stack>,
+    active: Option<OverlayEntry>,
+    next_serial: u64,
+}
+
+impl SingleOverlayController {
+    fn new(stack: WeakWidget<Stack>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            stack,
+            active: None,
+            next_serial: 1,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn open<Rsc: HasEvents>(
+        &mut self,
+        id: ControllerId,
+        popup: StrongWidget,
+        cancel: CancelBehavior,
+        blocks_prior_input: bool,
+        rsc: &mut Rsc,
+    ) -> OverlayHandle {
+        self.dismiss(id, rsc, true);
+        let serial = self.take_serial();
+        let widget = popup.id();
+        let previous_target = rsc.events().controllers.command_target();
+        (self.stack)(rsc).children.push(popup);
+        self.active = Some(OverlayEntry {
+            serial,
+            widget,
+            previous_target,
+            cancel,
+            blocks_prior_input,
+        });
+        rsc.set_command_target(Some(id));
+        OverlayHandle {
+            host: id.host(),
+            kind: OverlayKind::Single,
+            serial,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn close<Rsc: HasEvents>(&mut self, id: ControllerId, serial: u64, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> bool {
+        if self.active.as_ref().map(|entry| entry.serial) != Some(serial) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        self.dismiss(id, rsc, false);
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn dismiss<Rsc: HasEvents>(
+        &mut self,
+        id: ControllerId,
+        rsc: &mut Rsc,
+        replacement: bool,
+    ) -> bool {
+        let Some(entry) = self.active.take() else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        let current_target = rsc.events().controllers.command_target();
+        let was_target = current_target == Some(id);
+        remove_child(self.stack, entry.widget, rsc);
+        if was_target {
+            rsc.set_command_target(entry.previous_target);
+        }
+        if replacement && entry.cancel == CancelBehavior::PassThrough {
+            rsc.set_command_target(entry.previous_target);
+            let _ = rsc.run_command_before(Command::Escape, self.stack);
+            if !was_target {
+                rsc.set_command_target(current_target);
+            }
+        }
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn take_serial(&mut self) -> u64 {
+        let serial = self.next_serial;
+        self.next_serial = self.next_serial.wrapping_add(1).max(1);
+        serial
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Rsc: HasEvents> Controller<Rsc> for SingleOverlayController {
+    fn command(&mut self, command: Command, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> CommandResult {
+        if command != Command::Escape {
+            return CommandResult::Unused;
+        }
+        let Some(entry) = self.active.take() else {
+            return CommandResult::Unused;
+        };
+        remove_child(self.stack, entry.widget, rsc);
+        rsc.set_command_target(entry.previous_target);
+        if entry.cancel == CancelBehavior::PassThrough {
+            let _ = rsc.run_command(command);
+        }
+        CommandResult::Used
+    }
+
+    fn blocks_prior_input(&self) -> bool {
+        self.active
+            .as_ref()
+            .is_some_and(|entry| entry.blocks_prior_input)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct StackableOverlayController {
+    stack: WeakWidget<Stack>,
+    entries: Vec<OverlayEntry>,
+    next_serial: u64,
+}
+
+impl StackableOverlayController {
+    fn new(stack: WeakWidget<Stack>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            stack,
+            entries: Vec::new(),
+            next_serial: 1,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn open<Rsc: HasEvents>(
+        &mut self,
+        id: ControllerId,
+        overlay: StrongWidget,
+        cancel: CancelBehavior,
+        blocks_prior_input: bool,
+        rsc: &mut Rsc,
+    ) -> OverlayHandle {
+        let serial = self.take_serial();
+        let widget = overlay.id();
+        let previous_target = rsc.events().controllers.command_target();
+        (self.stack)(rsc).children.push(overlay);
+        self.entries.push(OverlayEntry {
+            serial,
+            widget,
+            previous_target,
+            cancel,
+            blocks_prior_input,
+        });
+        rsc.set_command_target(Some(id));
+        OverlayHandle {
+            host: id.host(),
+            kind: OverlayKind::Stackable,
+            serial,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn close<Rsc: HasEvents>(&mut self, id: ControllerId, serial: u64, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> bool {
+        let Some(index) = self.entries.iter().position(|entry| entry.serial == serial) else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        close_single_at(id.host(), rsc, false);
+        let previous_target = self.entries[index].previous_target;
+        for entry in self.entries.drain(index..) {
+            remove_child(self.stack, entry.widget, rsc);
+        }
+        if rsc.events().controllers.command_target() == Some(id) {
+            rsc.set_command_target(previous_target);
+        }
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn take_serial(&mut self) -> u64 {
+        let serial = self.next_serial;
+        self.next_serial = self.next_serial.wrapping_add(1).max(1);
+        serial
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Rsc: HasEvents> Controller<Rsc> for StackableOverlayController {
+    fn command(&mut self, command: Command, rsc: &mut Rsc) -> CommandResult {
+        if command != Command::Escape {
+            return CommandResult::Unused;
+        }
+        let mut used = false;
+        loop {
+            let Some(entry) = self.entries.pop() else {
+                return if used {
+                    CommandResult::Used
+                } else {
+                    CommandResult::Unused
+                };
+            };
+            used = true;
+            remove_child(self.stack, entry.widget, rsc);
+            rsc.set_command_target(entry.previous_target);
+            if entry.cancel == CancelBehavior::Consume {
+                return CommandResult::Used;
+            }
+            let same_controller = entry.previous_target.is_some_and(|previous| {
+                previous.host() == self.stack.id() && previous.is::<StackableOverlayController>()
+            });
+            if !same_controller {
+                let _ = rsc.run_command(command);
+                return CommandResult::Used;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn blocks_prior_input(&self) -> bool {
+        self.entries
+            .last()
+            .is_some_and(|entry| entry.blocks_prior_input)
+    }
+}
+
+fn remove_child<Rsc: UiRsc>(stack: WeakWidget<Stack>, widget: WidgetId, rsc: &mut Rsc) {
+    if let Some(stack) = rsc.widgets_mut().get_mut(&stack)
+        && let Some(index) = stack.children.iter().position(|child| child.id() == widget)
+    {
+        stack.children.remove(index);
+    }
+}
+
+fn close_single_at<Rsc: HasEvents>(host: WidgetId, rsc: &mut Rsc, replacement: bool) {
+    let Some(id) = rsc.events().controllers.id::<SingleOverlayController>(host) else {
+        return;
+    };
+    rsc.with_controller(id, |single: &mut SingleOverlayController, rsc| {
+        single.dismiss(id, rsc, replacement);
+    });
+}
+
+fn add_host<Rsc: HasEvents>(
+    rsc: &mut Rsc,
+    base: StrongWidget,
+    options: OverlayHostOptions,
+) -> WeakWidget<Stack> {
+    let stack = Stack {
+        children: vec![base],
+        size: StackSize::Default,
+    }
+    .add(rsc);
+    if options.single {
+        rsc.register_controller(stack, SingleOverlayController::new(stack));
+    }
+    if options.stackable {
+        rsc.register_controller(stack, StackableOverlayController::new(stack));
+    }
+    stack
+}
+
+pub fn overlay_host<Rsc, W, Tag>(
+    content: W,
+    options: OverlayHostOptions,
+) -> impl WidgetIdFn<Rsc, Stack>
+where
+    Rsc: HasEvents,
+    W: WidgetLike<Rsc, Tag>,
+{
+    move |rsc: &mut Rsc| {
+        let content = content.add_strong(rsc);
+        add_host(rsc, content, options)
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn default_overlay_root<Rsc: HasEvents>(
+    rsc: &mut Rsc,
+    root: StrongWidget,
+) -> StrongWidget {
+    add_host(rsc, root, OverlayHostOptions::BOTH)
+        .upgrade(rsc)
+        .any()
+}
+
+pub trait OverlayRscExt: HasEvents {
+    fn open_popup<W, Tag>(&mut self, origin: impl IdLike, popup: W) -> Option<OverlayHandle>
+    where
+        W: WidgetLike<Self, Tag>,
+    {
+        self.open_overlay(
+            origin,
+            popup,
+            OverlayOptions::single(CancelBehavior::PassThrough),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn open_modal<W, Tag>(&mut self, origin: impl IdLike, modal: W) -> Option<OverlayHandle>
+    where
+        W: WidgetLike<Self, Tag>,
+    {
+        let (target, path) = self
+            .events()
+            .controllers
+            .path_to::<StackableOverlayController>(origin.id())?;
+        clear_singles(&path, self);
+
+        let content = modal.add(self);
+        let content_strong = content.upgrade(self).any();
+        let backdrop = rect(Srgba8::new(0, 0, 0, 96)).add(self);
+        let backdrop_strong = backdrop.upgrade(self).any();
+        let centered = Aligned {
+            inner: content_strong,
+            align: Align::CENTER.into(),
+        }
+        .add_strong(self)
+        .any();
+        let layer = Stack {
+            children: vec![backdrop_strong, centered],
+            size: StackSize::Default,
+        }
+        .add_strong(self)
+        .any();
+        let handle = open_stackable_at(target, layer, CancelBehavior::Consume, true, self)?;
+
+        let blocking = modal_pointer_senses();
+        self.register_event(content, blocking.clone(), |_, _| {});
+        self.register_event(backdrop, blocking, move |ctx, rsc| {
+            if matches!(ctx.data.sense, CursorSense::PressStart(_)) {
+                handle.close(rsc);
+            }
+        });
+        Some(handle)
+    }
+
+    fn open_overlay<W, Tag>(
+        &mut self,
+        origin: impl IdLike,
+        overlay: W,
+        options: OverlayOptions,
+    ) -> Option<OverlayHandle>
+    where
+        W: WidgetLike<Self, Tag>,
+    {
+        match options.kind {
+            OverlayKind::Single => {
+                let target = self
+                    .events()
+                    .controllers
+                    .nearest_id::<SingleOverlayController>(origin.id())?;
+                let overlay = overlay.add_strong(self).any();
+                self.with_controller(target, |single: &mut SingleOverlayController, rsc| {
+                    single.open(
+                        target,
+                        overlay,
+                        options.cancel,
+                        options.blocks_prior_input,
+                        rsc,
+                    )
+                })
+            }
+            OverlayKind::Stackable => {
+                let (target, path) = self
+                    .events()
+                    .controllers
+                    .path_to::<StackableOverlayController>(origin.id())?;
+                clear_singles(&path, self);
+                let overlay = overlay.add_strong(self).any();
+                open_stackable_at(
+                    target,
+                    overlay,
+                    options.cancel,
+                    options.blocks_prior_input,
+                    self,
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Rsc: HasEvents> OverlayRscExt for Rsc {}
+
+fn modal_pointer_senses() -> CursorSenses {
+    CursorSense::drag_senses()
+        | CursorSense::PressStart(CursorButton::Right)
+        | CursorSense::Pressing(CursorButton::Right)
+        | CursorSense::PressEnd(CursorButton::Right)
+        | CursorSense::PressStart(CursorButton::Middle)
+        | CursorSense::Pressing(CursorButton::Middle)
+        | CursorSense::PressEnd(CursorButton::Middle)
+        | CursorSense::Scroll(Axis::X)
+        | CursorSense::Scroll(Axis::Y)
+}
+
+fn clear_singles<Rsc: HasEvents>(path: &[WidgetId], rsc: &mut Rsc) {
+    let controllers: Vec<ControllerId> = path
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|&host| rsc.events().controllers.id::<SingleOverlayController>(host))
+        .collect();
+    for id in controllers {
+        rsc.with_controller(id, |single: &mut SingleOverlayController, rsc| {
+            single.dismiss(id, rsc, true);
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+fn open_stackable_at<Rsc: HasEvents>(
+    target: ControllerId,
+    overlay: StrongWidget,
+    cancel: CancelBehavior,
+    blocks_prior_input: bool,
+    rsc: &mut Rsc,
+) -> Option<OverlayHandle> {
+    rsc.with_controller(target, |stackable: &mut StackableOverlayController, rsc| {
+        stackable.open(target, overlay, cancel, blocks_prior_input, rsc)
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::harness::{Harness, HarnessRsc, TouchAction};
+    use std::{cell::Cell, rc::Rc};
+
+    struct EscapeCounter(Rc<Cell<usize>>);
+
+    impl Controller<HarnessRsc> for EscapeCounter {
+        fn command(&mut self, command: Command, _rsc: &mut HarnessRsc) -> CommandResult {
+            if command == Command::Escape {
+                self.0.set(self.0.get() + 1);
+                CommandResult::Used
+            } else {
+                CommandResult::Unused
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn stack_len(harness: &Harness, handle: OverlayHandle) -> usize {
+        harness
+            .rsc
+            .widgets()
+            .get_dyn(handle.host)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_any()
+            .downcast_ref::<Stack>()
+            .unwrap()
+            .children
+            .len()
+    }
+
+    fn rooted_harness() -> (Harness, WeakWidget<Rect>, Rc<Cell<usize>>) {
+        let mut harness = Harness::new(Vec2::new(200.0, 300.0), 1.0);
+        let base = rect(PaintId::WHITE).add(&mut harness.rsc);
+        let count = Rc::new(Cell::new(0));
+        harness
+            .rsc
+            .register_controller(base, EscapeCounter(count.clone()));
+        let target = harness
+            .rsc
+            .events()
+            .controllers
+            .id::<EscapeCounter>(base.id())
+            .unwrap();
+        harness.rsc.set_command_target(Some(target));
+        let root = base.upgrade(&mut harness.rsc).any();
+        harness.state.set_root(&mut harness.rsc, root);
+        harness.frame(0);
+        (harness, base, count)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn popup_is_single_and_passes_escape_through() {
+        let (mut harness, base, escapes) = rooted_harness();
+        let first = harness.rsc.open_popup(base, rect(PaintId::RED)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(stack_len(&harness, first), 2);
+
+        let second = harness.rsc.open_popup(base, rect(PaintId::BLUE)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(escapes.get(), 1, "replacement reaches the old owner");
+        assert!(!first.close(&mut harness.rsc), "a replaced handle is stale");
+        assert_eq!(stack_len(&harness, second), 2);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            harness.rsc.run_command(Command::Escape),
+            CommandResult::Used
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            escapes.get(),
+            1,
+            "the replacement had no prior command target"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(stack_len(&harness, second), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn stackables_survive_singles_and_close_from_the_top() {
+        let (mut harness, base, escapes) = rooted_harness();
+        let options = OverlayOptions::stackable(CancelBehavior::Consume);
+        let first = harness
+            .rsc
+            .open_overlay(base, rect(PaintId::RED), options)
+            .unwrap();
+        let single = harness.rsc.open_popup(base, rect(PaintId::GREEN)).unwrap();
+        let second = harness
+            .rsc
+            .open_overlay(base, rect(PaintId::BLUE), options)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert!(!single.close(&mut harness.rsc));
+        assert_eq!(stack_len(&harness, second), 3);
+        assert_eq!(
+            harness.rsc.run_command(Command::Escape),
+            CommandResult::Used
+        );
+        assert_eq!(stack_len(&harness, first), 2);
+        assert_eq!(
+            harness.rsc.run_command(Command::Escape),
+            CommandResult::Used
+        );
+        assert_eq!(stack_len(&harness, first), 1);
+        assert_eq!(escapes.get(), 0, "stackable cancellation is consumed");
+        assert_eq!(
+            harness.rsc.run_command(Command::Escape),
+            CommandResult::Used
+        );
+        assert_eq!(escapes.get(), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn an_explicit_single_can_consume_cancellation() {
+        let (mut harness, base, escapes) = rooted_harness();
+        let overlay = harness
+            .rsc
+            .open_overlay(
+                base,
+                rect(PaintId::RED),
+                OverlayOptions::single(CancelBehavior::Consume),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            harness.rsc.run_command(Command::Escape),
+            CommandResult::Used
+        );
+        assert_eq!(escapes.get(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stack_len(&harness, overlay), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_stackable_can_pass_cancellation_to_the_entry_under_it() {
+        let (mut harness, base, escapes) = rooted_harness();
+        let first = harness
+            .rsc
+            .open_overlay(
+                base,
+                rect(PaintId::RED),
+                OverlayOptions::stackable(CancelBehavior::Consume),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        harness
+            .rsc
+            .open_overlay(
+                base,
+                rect(PaintId::BLUE),
+                OverlayOptions::stackable(CancelBehavior::PassThrough),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            harness.rsc.run_command(Command::Escape),
+            CommandResult::Used
+        );
+        assert_eq!(stack_len(&harness, first), 1);
+        assert_eq!(escapes.get(), 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn closing_a_stackable_handle_closes_everything_above_it() {
+        let (mut harness, base, _) = rooted_harness();
+        let options = OverlayOptions::stackable(CancelBehavior::Consume);
+        let first = harness
+            .rsc
+            .open_overlay(base, rect(PaintId::RED), options)
+            .unwrap();
+        let second = harness
+            .rsc
+            .open_overlay(base, rect(PaintId::BLUE), options)
+            .unwrap();
+        let single = harness.rsc.open_popup(base, rect(PaintId::GREEN)).unwrap();
+
+        assert!(first.close(&mut harness.rsc));
+        assert!(!second.close(&mut harness.rsc));
+        assert!(!single.close(&mut harness.rsc));
+        assert_eq!(stack_len(&harness, first), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn backdrop_dismisses_modal_without_clicking_the_base() {
+        let mut harness = Harness::new(Vec2::new(200.0, 300.0), 1.0);
+        let clicks = Rc::new(Cell::new(0));
+        let base = rect(PaintId::WHITE).add(&mut harness.rsc);
+        let counted = clicks.clone();
+        harness
+            .rsc
+            .register_event(base, CursorSense::click(), move |_, _| {
+                counted.set(counted.get() + 1);
+            });
+        let root = base.upgrade(&mut harness.rsc).any();
+        harness.state.set_root(&mut harness.rsc, root);
+        harness.frame(0);
+
+        let modal = harness
+            .rsc
+            .open_modal(base, rect(PaintId::RED).sized((80, 80)))
+            .unwrap();
+        harness.frame(1);
+        assert_eq!(stack_len(&harness, modal), 2);
+        assert!(
+            harness
+                .rsc
+                .events()
+                .controllers
+                .command_target_blocks_input()
+        );
+        harness.touch(TouchAction::Down, Vec2::new(100.0, 150.0), 2);
+        harness.touch(TouchAction::Up, Vec2::new(100.0, 150.0), 3);
+        assert_eq!(stack_len(&harness, modal), 2);
+        harness.touch(TouchAction::Down, Vec2::new(5.0, 5.0), 4);
+
+        assert_eq!(clicks.get(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stack_len(&harness, modal), 1);
+        assert!(
+            !harness
+                .rsc
+                .events()
+                .controllers
+                .command_target_blocks_input()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn local_single_host_passes_a_modal_to_the_root() {
+        let mut harness = Harness::new(Vec2::new(200.0, 300.0), 1.0);
+        let leaf = rect(PaintId::WHITE).add(&mut harness.rsc);
+        let local = overlay_host(leaf, OverlayHostOptions::SINGLE).add(&mut harness.rsc);
+        let root = local.upgrade(&mut harness.rsc).any();
+        harness.state.set_root(&mut harness.rsc, root);
+        harness.frame(0);
+
+        let popup = harness.rsc.open_popup(leaf, rect(PaintId::RED)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(popup.host, local.id());
+        let modal = harness
+            .rsc
+            .open_modal(leaf, rect(PaintId::BLUE).sized((80, 80)))
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert!(!popup.close(&mut harness.rsc));
+        assert_ne!(modal.host, local.id());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn replacing_a_local_single_does_not_cancel_an_ancestor_overlay() {
+        let mut harness = Harness::new(Vec2::new(200.0, 300.0), 1.0);
+        let leaf = rect(PaintId::WHITE).add(&mut harness.rsc);
+        let local = overlay_host(leaf, OverlayHostOptions::SINGLE).add(&mut harness.rsc);
+        let root = local.upgrade(&mut harness.rsc).any();
+        harness.state.set_root(&mut harness.rsc, root);
+        harness.frame(0);
+
+        let first_modal = harness
+            .rsc
+            .open_modal(leaf, rect(PaintId::RED).sized((80, 80)))
+            .unwrap();
+        harness.frame(1);
+        let popup = harness.rsc.open_popup(leaf, rect(PaintId::GREEN)).unwrap();
+        let second_modal = harness
+            .rsc
+            .open_modal(leaf, rect(PaintId::BLUE).sized((80, 80)))
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert!(!popup.close(&mut harness.rsc));
+        assert_eq!(stack_len(&harness, first_modal), 3);
+        assert!(second_modal.close(&mut harness.rsc));
+        assert_eq!(stack_len(&harness, first_modal), 2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn inactive_origins_have_no_overlay_route() {
+        let (mut harness, _, _) = rooted_harness();
+        let inactive = rect(PaintId::WHITE).add(&mut harness.rsc);
+        assert!(
+            harness
+                .rsc
+                .open_popup(inactive, rect(PaintId::RED))
+                .is_none()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn replacing_the_root_forgets_the_old_routing_tree() {
+        let (mut harness, old, _) = rooted_harness();
+        let new = rect(PaintId::WHITE).add(&mut harness.rsc);
+        let root = new.upgrade(&mut harness.rsc).any();
+        harness.state.set_root(&mut harness.rsc, root);
+        harness.frame(1);
+
+        assert!(harness.rsc.open_popup(old, rect(PaintId::RED)).is_none());
+        assert!(harness.rsc.open_popup(new, rect(PaintId::RED)).is_some());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/iris/src/widget/text/selection.rs b/iris/src/widget/text/selection.rs
index 63c9e5d..9e0b5d4 100644
--- a/iris/src/widget/text/selection.rs
+++ b/iris/src/widget/text/selection.rs
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ mod controller_tests {
         let found = rsc
             .events()
             .controllers
-            .nearest_id::<SelectionController>(leaf.id(), &render)
+            .nearest_id::<SelectionController>(leaf.id())
             .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(found.host(), inner.id());
     }
diff --git a/iris/tabs-ui/src/lib.rs b/iris/tabs-ui/src/lib.rs
index f661f95..0e92873 100644
--- a/iris/tabs-ui/src/lib.rs
+++ b/iris/tabs-ui/src/lib.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ pub struct ClientWidgets {
     pub info: WeakWidget<Text>,
 }
 
-pub fn build<Rsc: HasEvents>(rsc: &mut Rsc, ui_state: &mut impl HasRoot) -> ClientWidgets
+pub fn build<Rsc: HasEvents>(rsc: &mut Rsc, ui_state: &mut impl HasRoot<Rsc>) -> ClientWidgets
 where
     Rsc::State: FocusHost,
 {
diff --git a/iris/tests/color_space.rs b/iris/tests/color_space.rs
index 88d4d52..3758595 100644
--- a/iris/tests/color_space.rs
+++ b/iris/tests/color_space.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ fn solid_paints_and_images_round_trip_through_an_srgb_target() {
         .span(Dir::RIGHT)
         .add_strong(&mut harness.rsc)
         .any();
-    harness.state.set_root(root);
+    harness.state.set_root(&mut harness.rsc, root);
     harness.frame(0);
 
     let mut renderer =