diff --git a/PLAN.md b/PLAN.md
index 67691f9..7307322 100644
--- a/PLAN.md
+++ b/PLAN.md
@@ -236,11 +236,16 @@ hide a later failure.
 A missing thread is recoverable (2026-09-14). Codex returns a thread id before
 its first turn creates a rollout, so restarting in between can leave ai-app
 holding an id that `thread/resume` rejects as either "thread not found" or "no
-rollout found". A rollout can disappear later too. Both mean the model context
-is gone but ai-app's common transcript is not: the driver forgets only that
-stale id, reports Codex's refusal, records a context-clear boundary, starts a
-fresh Codex thread and then delivers anything queued. The error stays visible
-because losing model context is material even when the process can heal it.
+rollout found" (other CLI versions say "invalid thread id", and malformed ids
+are "invalid session id"). A rollout can disappear later too, including between
+a successful resume and `turn/start`. Both mean the model context is gone but
+ai-app's common transcript is not: the driver forgets only that stale id,
+reports Codex's refusal, records a context-clear boundary, starts a fresh Codex
+thread and then delivers anything queued. A turn request that discovers the
+loss returns its in-flight message to that queue before recovery, so the message
+that triggered recovery is delivered to the replacement rather than
+disappearing. The error stays visible because losing model context is material
+even when the process can heal it.
 Other resume failures remain errors rather than silently discarding context.
 The replacement's `thread/started` notification is a new root despite not
 matching the translator's old root id; its null `parentThreadId` distinguishes
diff --git a/server/src/session/codex.rs b/server/src/session/codex.rs
index 2fa5222..9b408d1 100644
--- a/server/src/session/codex.rs
+++ b/server/src/session/codex.rs
@@ -540,7 +540,11 @@ fn dispatch_waiting(inner: &Arc<Inner>) {
     loop {
         let (message, kind, active_turn) = {
             let mut state = inner.state.lock().unwrap();
-            if state.closed || state.waiting.is_empty() {
+            if state.closed
+                || state.waiting.is_empty()
+                || state.initialize_request.is_some()
+                || state.thread_request.is_some()
+            {
                 return;
             }
             if state.active_turn.is_none()
@@ -932,33 +936,7 @@ fn handle_response(inner: &Arc<Inner>, line: &Value) {
             // case our common transcript still exists, so start a blank Codex thread and mark the
             // point where the model's context stopped instead of stranding every queued message.
             if missing_thread(&error) && read_thread(&inner.session_dir).is_some() {
-                protocol_error(inner, error.clone());
-                let path = inner.session_dir.join(THREAD_FILE);
-                match std::fs::remove_file(&path) {
-                    Ok(()) => {}
-                    Err(err) if err.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {}
-                    Err(err) => {
-                        drop(state);
-                        protocol_error(
-                            inner,
-                            format!("couldn't forget the missing Codex thread: {err}"),
-                        );
-                        return;
-                    }
-                }
-                let request = request_id();
-                state.thread_request = Some(request.clone());
-                drop(state);
-                save_state(inner);
-                send_json(
-                    inner,
-                    json!({
-                        "id": request,
-                        "method": "thread/start",
-                        "params": thread_params(inner)
-                    }),
-                );
-                let _ = inner.sink.send(Event::Cleared);
+                replace_missing_thread(inner, state, error);
                 return;
             }
             drop(state);
@@ -979,6 +957,14 @@ fn handle_response(inner: &Arc<Inner>, line: &Value) {
     };
     let request = state.pending.remove(at);
     if let Some(error) = response_error(line) {
+        // A rollout can vanish after this app-server resumed it but before the next turn reaches
+        // Codex. Put that turn (and any steers already in flight behind it) back before replacing
+        // the thread; the request that discovered the loss is still the user's first message in
+        // the new context, not a failed message to discard.
+        if missing_thread(&error) && read_thread(&inner.session_dir).is_some() {
+            replace_missing_thread(inner, state, error);
+            return;
+        }
         let message = state
             .sent
             .iter()
@@ -1058,7 +1044,49 @@ fn response_error(line: &Value) -> Option<String> {
 
 fn missing_thread(message: &str) -> bool {
     let message = message.to_ascii_lowercase();
-    message.contains("thread not found") || message.contains("no rollout found for thread id")
+    message.contains("invalid thread id")
+        || message.contains("invalid session id")
+        || message.contains("thread not found")
+        || message.contains("no rollout found for thread id")
+}
+
+fn replace_missing_thread(
+    inner: &Arc<Inner>,
+    mut state: std::sync::MutexGuard<'_, ProtocolState>,
+    error: String,
+) {
+    protocol_error(inner, error);
+    let path = inner.session_dir.join(THREAD_FILE);
+    if let Err(err) = std::fs::remove_file(&path)
+        && err.kind() != std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound
+    {
+        drop(state);
+        protocol_error(
+            inner,
+            format!("couldn't forget the missing Codex thread: {err}"),
+        );
+        return;
+    }
+    while let Some(message) = state.sent.pop_back() {
+        state.waiting.push_front(message);
+    }
+    state.pending.clear();
+    state.active_turn = None;
+    state.interrupt_when_started = false;
+    state.running = !state.waiting.is_empty();
+    let request = request_id();
+    state.thread_request = Some(request.clone());
+    drop(state);
+    save_state(inner);
+    send_json(
+        inner,
+        json!({
+            "id": request,
+            "method": "thread/start",
+            "params": thread_params(inner)
+        }),
+    );
+    let _ = inner.sink.send(Event::Cleared);
 }
 
 fn active_turn_not_steerable(line: &Value) -> bool {
@@ -1313,7 +1341,13 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn both_missing_thread_failures_are_recognised() {
+    fn missing_thread_failures_are_recognised() {
+        assert!(missing_thread(
+            "invalid thread id: 01a099bd-2e0f-7442-b750-a9f33998c8c5"
+        ));
+        assert!(missing_thread(
+            "invalid session id: invalid character in a thread id"
+        ));
         assert!(missing_thread(
             "thread not found: 01a099bd-2e0f-7442-b750-a9f33998c8c5"
         ));
@@ -1381,8 +1415,9 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn a_message_waiting_for_a_thread_is_durable() {
         let dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        write_thread(dir.path(), "not-resumed-yet");
         let (sink, mut events) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
-        let (to_child, _requests) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
+        let (to_child, mut requests) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
         let inner = Arc::new(Inner {
             sink,
             state: Mutex::new(ProtocolState {
@@ -1413,6 +1448,36 @@ mod tests {
         let state = inner.state.lock().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(state.waiting.len(), 1);
         assert!(!state.waiting[0].id.is_empty());
+        let client_id = state.waiting[0].client_id.clone();
+        drop(state);
+        assert!(
+            requests.try_recv().is_err(),
+            "the message was sent before its thread had resumed"
+        );
+
+        handle_response(
+            &inner,
+            &json!({
+                "id": "replacement-request",
+                "error": {"message": "invalid thread id: not-resumed-yet"}
+            }),
+        );
+        let replacement: Value =
+            serde_json::from_str(&requests.try_recv().expect("replacement thread request"))
+                .expect("request json");
+        let replacement_id = replacement["id"].as_str().expect("request id");
+        handle_response(
+            &inner,
+            &json!({"id": replacement_id, "result": {"thread": {"id": "new-thread"}}}),
+        );
+
+        let turn: Value =
+            serde_json::from_str(&requests.try_recv().expect("waiting message request"))
+                .expect("request json");
+        assert_eq!(turn["method"], "turn/start");
+        assert_eq!(turn["params"]["threadId"], "new-thread");
+        assert_eq!(turn["params"]["clientUserMessageId"], client_id);
+        assert_eq!(turn["params"]["input"][0]["text"], "still send this");
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1529,4 +1594,80 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(state.waiting.is_empty());
         assert_eq!(state.sent.len(), 1);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_turn_that_discovers_a_missing_thread_is_retried() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        write_thread(dir.path(), "missing-thread");
+        let message = Waiting {
+            id: "queued-message".to_string(),
+            client_id: "client-message".to_string(),
+            steering: false,
+            text: "do not lose me".to_string(),
+            attachments: Vec::new(),
+        };
+        let (sink, mut events) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
+        let (to_child, mut requests) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
+        let inner = Arc::new(Inner {
+            sink,
+            state: Mutex::new(ProtocolState {
+                sent: VecDeque::from([message]),
+                pending: vec![PendingRequest {
+                    id: "turn-request".to_string(),
+                    client_id: "client-message".to_string(),
+                    kind: RequestKind::Start,
+                }],
+                running: true,
+                ..ProtocolState::default()
+            }),
+            settings: Mutex::new(Settings {
+                model: None,
+                permission_mode: None,
+                effort: None,
+            }),
+            to_child,
+            transport: Transport::Here,
+            session_dir: dir.path().to_path_buf(),
+            subagents: Arc::new(Subagents::new(dir.path().to_path_buf())),
+            reading: AtomicBool::new(true),
+        });
+
+        handle_response(
+            &inner,
+            &json!({
+                "id": "turn-request",
+                "error": {"message": "invalid thread id: missing-thread"}
+            }),
+        );
+
+        assert!(matches!(
+            events.try_recv().expect("visible refusal"),
+            Event::Error { message } if message ==
+                "Codex refused a request: invalid thread id: missing-thread"
+        ));
+        assert_eq!(events.try_recv().expect("context boundary"), Event::Cleared);
+        assert!(
+            events.try_recv().is_err(),
+            "the message was reported dropped"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(read_thread(dir.path()), None);
+        let replacement: Value =
+            serde_json::from_str(&requests.try_recv().expect("replacement thread request"))
+                .expect("request json");
+        assert_eq!(replacement["method"], "thread/start");
+        let replacement_id = replacement["id"].as_str().expect("request id");
+
+        handle_response(
+            &inner,
+            &json!({"id": replacement_id, "result": {"thread": {"id": "new-thread"}}}),
+        );
+
+        let retried: Value =
+            serde_json::from_str(&requests.try_recv().expect("retried turn request"))
+                .expect("request json");
+        assert_eq!(retried["method"], "turn/start");
+        assert_eq!(retried["params"]["threadId"], "new-thread");
+        assert_eq!(retried["params"]["clientUserMessageId"], "client-message");
+        assert_eq!(retried["params"]["input"][0]["text"], "do not lose me");
+    }
 }