Replace placement calls with region nodes

core/src/layout_diagnostics.rs

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub(crate) enum Counter {
     Updates,
     DrawRequests,
     WidgetDraws,
-    PlaceCalls,
+    RegionNodeDraws,
     SizeReads,
     HintHits,
     HintMisses,
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub(crate) enum Counter {
     ReuseMoved,
     ReuseDirty,
     ReuseWrongParent,
-    ReuseUnslotted,
+    ReuseRemapped,
     ReuseOutside,
     QueuePops,
     DepthReads,
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ impl Counter {
         "updates",
         "draw requests",
         "widget draws",
-        "place calls",
+        "region-node draws",
         "draw-result size reads",
         "hint hits",
         "hint misses",
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ impl Counter {
         "reuse moved",
         "reuse: dirty",
         "reuse: wrong parent",
-        "reuse: unslotted",
+        "reuse remapped",
         "reuse: outside what it holds for",
         "redraw queue pops",
         "depth reads",
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ pub enum ReuseOutcome {
     Moved,
     Dirty,
     WrongParent,
-    Unslotted,
+    Remapped,
     Outside,
     Undrawn,
 }
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ pub enum TraceEvent {
         parent: Option<WidgetId>,
         region: UiRegion,
         pixel_size: Vec2,
-        slotted: bool,
+        region_node: bool,
     },
     Reuse {
         id: WidgetId,
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ pub enum TraceEvent {
         id: WidgetId,
         size: Size,
     },
-    Placed {
+    RegionNode {
         id: WidgetId,
         parent: WidgetId,
         region: UiRegion,
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ pub(crate) fn draw_request(
     parent: Option<WidgetId>,
     region: UiRegion,
     pixel_size: Vec2,
-    slotted: bool,
+    region_node: bool,
 ) {
     trace(
         id,
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ pub(crate) fn draw_request(
             parent,
             region,
             pixel_size,
-            slotted,
+            region_node,
         },
     );
 }
@@ -374,8 +374,8 @@ pub(crate) fn size_reported(id: WidgetId, size: Size) {
     trace(id, TraceEvent::SizeReported { id, size });
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn placed(id: WidgetId, parent: WidgetId, region: UiRegion) {
+pub(crate) fn region_node(id: WidgetId, parent: WidgetId, region: UiRegion) {
-    trace(id, TraceEvent::Placed { id, parent, region });
+    trace(id, TraceEvent::RegionNode { id, parent, region });
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn size_read(id: WidgetId, reader: WidgetId, size: Size) {

core/src/ui/active.rs

@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ pub struct ActiveData {
     pub children: Vec<WidgetId>,
     /// The children whose size this widget read while drawing.
     pub size_deps: Vec<WidgetId>,
-    /// The slot its primitives are positioned through: its own if its parent
+    /// The movable region its primitives are positioned through: its own when
-    /// placed it, otherwise the nearest ancestor that has one.
+    /// opted in, otherwise the nearest ancestor's.
     pub move_idx: MoveIdx,
     /// The declared lengths whoever drew this widget resolved into its box.
     /// A change to one moves a box this widget cannot fix by drawing again,
     /// and comparing them is what says so.
     pub declared: [Option<Len>; 2],
-    /// The slot `region` is given in, which is whatever its parent drew in.
+    /// The movable region whose coordinates `region` uses.
     pub parent_move: MoveIdx,
     pub mask: MaskIdx,
     pub layer: LayerId,

core/src/ui/holds.rs

@@ -25,11 +25,27 @@ impl Holds {
     };
 
     pub const fn at(len: f32) -> Self {
-        Self { lo: len, hi: len }
+        Self::tolerant(len, len)
+    }
+
+    const fn tolerant(lo: f32, hi: f32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            lo: lo - HOLDS_EPSILON_PX,
+            hi: hi + HOLDS_EPSILON_PX,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// A range whose endpoints are exact, for a widget decision with a hard
+    /// boundary rather than an accumulated coordinate-rounding difference.
+    pub fn exact(range: RangeInclusive<f32>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            lo: *range.start(),
+            hi: *range.end(),
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn contains(&self, len: f32) -> bool {
-        len >= self.lo - HOLDS_EPSILON_PX && len <= self.hi + HOLDS_EPSILON_PX
+        len >= self.lo && len <= self.hi
     }
 
     pub fn and(self, other: Self) -> Self {
@@ -57,10 +73,7 @@ impl Holds {
 
 impl From<RangeInclusive<f32>> for Holds {
     fn from(range: RangeInclusive<f32>) -> Self {
-        Self {
+        Self::tolerant(*range.start(), *range.end())
-            lo: *range.start(),
-            hi: *range.end(),
-        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -70,12 +83,16 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn through_reverses_a_range_for_a_negative_fraction() {
-        assert_eq!(
+        let holds = Holds::from(20.0..=40.0).through(UiScalar::new(-0.5, 10.0));
-            Holds { lo: 20.0, hi: 40.0 }.through(UiScalar::new(-0.5, 10.0)),
+        assert!((holds.lo - -60.1).abs() < 0.001);
-            Holds {
+        assert!((holds.hi - -19.9).abs() < 0.001);
-                lo: -60.0,
+    }
-                hi: -20.0
+
-            }
+    #[test]
-        );
+    fn an_exact_open_boundary_does_not_admit_the_boundary() {
+        let boundary = 10.0_f32;
+        let above = Holds::exact(boundary.next_up()..=f32::INFINITY);
+        assert!(!above.contains(boundary));
+        assert!(above.contains(boundary.next_up()));
     }
 }

core/src/ui/painter.rs

@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ use crate::{
     ui::render_state::DrawInfo,
     util::Vec2,
 };
-use std::ops::RangeInclusive;
-
 const AXES: [Axis; 2] = [Axis::X, Axis::Y];
 
 /// makes your surfaces look pretty
@@ -40,8 +38,8 @@ pub struct Painter<'a> {
     pub(super) own: [Holds; 2],
     /// What the children it asked about and drew keep it to.
     pub(super) under: [Holds; 2],
-    /// The slot this widget's primitives are positioned through: its own if
+    /// The movable region this widget's primitives are positioned through:
-    /// its parent placed it, otherwise the nearest ancestor that has one.
+    /// its own when opted in, otherwise the nearest ancestor's.
     pub(super) move_idx: MoveIdx,
     pub layer: usize,
     pub(super) depth: usize,
@@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
 
     /// Draws a widget within this widget's region.
     pub fn widget<'s, W: ?Sized>(&'s mut self, id: &'s StrongWidget<W>) -> DrawResult<'s, 'a, W> {
-        self.widget_at(id, UiRegion::FULL, false)
+        self.widget_at(id, UiRegion::FULL)
     }
 
     /// Draws a widget somewhere within this one.
@@ -110,7 +108,7 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
         id: &'s StrongWidget<W>,
         region: UiRegion,
     ) -> DrawResult<'s, 'a, W> {
-        self.widget_at(id, region, false)
+        self.widget_at(id, region)
     }
 
     /// What a widget declares its lengths to be, which whoever draws it
@@ -125,22 +123,6 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
         AXES.map(|axis| declared_len(widget, axis))
     }
 
-    /// Draws a child this widget decides the box of, and may decide again
-    /// once it knows what the child came to. The child gets a slot of its
-    /// own, so placing it a second time writes one entry however much it
-    /// drew -- moved or resized alike, since everything under the slot is
-    /// held as a fraction of its box. A child drawn any other way has no slot
-    /// and can only be given a different box by drawing again.
-    pub fn place<'s, W: ?Sized>(
-        &'s mut self,
-        id: &'s StrongWidget<W>,
-        region: UiRegion,
-    ) -> DrawResult<'s, 'a, W> {
-        #[cfg(feature = "layout-diagnostics")]
-        diag::bump(Counter::PlaceCalls);
-        self.widget_at(id, region, true)
-    }
-
     /// Takes back a child that was drawn only to find out how long it is.
     /// Its drawing is dropped and it is not one of this widget's children
     /// this frame; what it answered is still something this widget asked.
@@ -155,8 +137,8 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
         &'s mut self,
         id: &'s StrongWidget<W>,
         region: UiRegion,
-        slotted: bool,
     ) -> DrawResult<'s, 'a, W> {
+        let region_node = self.rsc.widgets().is_region_node(id.id());
         let declared = self.declared_lens(id);
         // Composing `FULL` through a box is not quite the identity in f32,
         // so a child with nothing declared keeps the box it would have had.
@@ -169,8 +151,9 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
             false => local.within(&self.region),
         };
         #[cfg(feature = "layout-diagnostics")]
-        if slotted {
+        if region_node {
-            diag::placed(id.id(), self.id, within);
+            diag::bump(Counter::RegionNodeDraws);
+            diag::region_node(id.id(), self.id, within);
         }
         // A child listed twice would be moved twice.
         if !self.children.contains(&id.id()) {
@@ -190,7 +173,7 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
                 parent: Some(self.id),
                 depth: self.depth + 1,
                 parent_move: self.move_idx,
-                slotted,
+                region_node,
                 mask: self.mask,
                 offer,
                 offered_px: self.px_within_offer(offer),
@@ -371,8 +354,8 @@ impl<'a> Painter<'a> {
     /// holds for -- the same primitives, in the same fractions and offsets
     /// of the box, and the same reported size. A widget that read its
     /// length in pixels holds for that one alone until it says otherwise.
-    pub fn holds(&mut self, axis: Axis, range: RangeInclusive<f32>) {
+    pub fn holds(&mut self, axis: Axis, holds: impl Into<Holds>) {
-        let holds = Holds::from(range);
+        let holds = holds.into();
         debug_assert!(
             holds.contains(self.state.px_of(self.move_idx, self.region).axis(axis)),
             "'{}' ({:?}) says its drawing holds for lengths that leave out its own box",

core/src/ui/render_state.rs

@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ pub(super) struct DrawInfo {
     pub parent: Option<WidgetId>,
     pub depth: usize,
     pub parent_move: MoveIdx,
-    /// Whether the widget gets a slot of its own to be placed through.
+    pub region_node: bool,
-    pub slotted: bool,
     pub mask: MaskIdx,
     /// The box it was first asked about in, as a part of its parent's, and
     /// that box in pixels.
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             parent: None,
             depth: 1,
             parent_move: self.root_move,
-            slotted: false,
+            region_node: false,
             mask: MaskIdx::NONE,
             offer: UiRegion::FULL,
             offered_px: self.output_size,
@@ -169,7 +168,7 @@ impl UiRenderState {
                 info.parent,
                 region,
                 self.px_of(info.parent_move, region),
-                info.slotted,
+                info.region_node,
             );
         }
         if self.active.contains_key(&id) {
@@ -181,14 +180,17 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         }
 
         // draw widget
-        let (move_idx, local) = match info.slotted {
+        let (move_idx, local, retired_move) = match info.region_node {
-            // Its box becomes its slot's, so it draws in the slot's own
+            // Its box becomes its movable region, so it draws in that
-            // coordinates and the box it was given is one entry to rewrite.
+            // region's coordinates and its box is one entry to rewrite.
-            true => (self.move_slot(id, info.parent_move, region), UiRegion::FULL),
+            true => (
-            false => {
+                self.move_slot(id, info.parent_move, region),
-                self.drop_slot(id);
+                UiRegion::FULL,
-                (info.parent_move, region)
+                None,
-            }
+            ),
+            // Keep the old entry alive until every descendant has migrated.
+            // Reusing its index sooner could make an old parent look current.
+            false => (info.parent_move, region, self.slots.remove(&id)),
         };
         let (old_children, old_answer) = match old {
             Some(old) => (old.children, Some(old.answer)),
@@ -257,8 +259,8 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         let holds = [own[0].and(under[0]), own[1].and(under[1])];
         debug_assert!(
             holds[0].contains(px.x) && holds[1].contains(px.y),
-            "'{}' ({id:?}) drew something that does not hold for its own box",
+            "'{}' ({id:?}) drew in {px:?}, outside the ranges it reported: {holds:?}",
-            rsc.widgets().label(id)
+            rsc.widgets().label(id),
         );
 
         for c in &old_children {
@@ -266,6 +268,9 @@ impl UiRenderState {
                 self.undraw_rec(*c, rsc);
             }
         }
+        if let Some(idx) = retired_move {
+            self.moves.remove(idx);
+        }
         // What it asked about and did not draw is still something it asked,
         // and a change there has to reach it. Asking answered whatever mark
         // it had: a hint is read live, and a drawing is not kept past one.
@@ -278,7 +283,7 @@ impl UiRenderState {
                         parent: Some(id),
                         depth: info.depth + 1,
                         parent_move: move_idx,
-                        slotted: false,
+                        region_node: false,
                         mask,
                         offer: UiRegion::FULL,
                         offered_px: px,
@@ -317,9 +322,8 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         size
     }
 
-    /// The slot a widget's box is held in, made on its first placed draw and
+    /// Keeps a region node's entry across redraws because descendants retain
-    /// kept until it stops being drawn -- a redraw replaces its `ActiveData`
+    /// its index.
-    /// while descendants go on naming the slot.
     fn move_slot(&mut self, id: WidgetId, parent: MoveIdx, region: UiRegion) -> MoveIdx {
         if let Some(&idx) = self.slots.get(&id) {
             self.moves.set_parent(idx, parent);
@@ -331,9 +335,7 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         idx
     }
 
-    /// Gives up a slot a widget no longer needs, because it is drawn somewhere
+    /// Removes a region node only after its descendants stop naming it.
-    /// that does not place it. Its descendants name it, so this is only
-    /// reached where they are about to be drawn again.
     fn drop_slot(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
         if let Some(idx) = self.slots.remove(&id) {
             self.moves.remove(idx);
@@ -417,6 +419,10 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             diag::reuse(id, ReuseOutcome::Undrawn);
             return None;
         }
+        let has_region_node = active.move_idx != active.parent_move;
+        if has_region_node != info.region_node {
+            return None;
+        }
         // Drawn somewhere else in the tree: its box is in coordinates it no
         // longer sits in, and its slot names the wrong parent.
         if active.parent_move != info.parent_move {
@@ -439,21 +445,15 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             return None;
         }
         let moved = active.region != region;
-        // Only a placed widget can be given a different region without
+        let (size, old_region, slot, mask) =
-        // drawing again: it has an entry of its own to say where it went,
+            (active.size, active.region, active.move_idx, info.mask);
-        // where an unslotted one shares its parent's and has nothing to
-        // write.
-        if moved && active.move_idx == info.parent_move {
-            #[cfg(feature = "layout-diagnostics")]
-            {
-                diag::bump(Counter::ReuseUnslotted);
-                diag::reuse(id, ReuseOutcome::Unslotted);
-            }
-            return None;
-        }
-        let (size, slot) = (active.size, active.move_idx);
         if moved {
-            self.moves.set(slot, region);
+            if has_region_node {
+                self.moves.set(slot, region);
+            } else {
+                let remap = RegionRemap::new(old_region, region)?;
+                self.remap_subtree(id, remap, info.parent_move, mask, rsc);
+            }
         }
         let active = self.active.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
         active.region = region;
@@ -461,14 +461,19 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         active.depth = info.depth;
         #[cfg(feature = "layout-diagnostics")]
         {
-            match moved {
+            match (moved, has_region_node) {
-                true => diag::bump(Counter::ReuseMoved),
+                (true, true) => diag::bump(Counter::ReuseMoved),
-                false => diag::bump(Counter::ReuseExact),
+                (true, false) => diag::bump(Counter::ReuseRemapped),
+                (false, _) => diag::bump(Counter::ReuseExact),
             }
             diag::reuse(
                 id,
                 if moved {
-                    ReuseOutcome::Moved
+                    if has_region_node {
+                        ReuseOutcome::Moved
+                    } else {
+                        ReuseOutcome::Remapped
+                    }
                 } else {
                     ReuseOutcome::Exact
                 },
@@ -477,6 +482,42 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         Some(size)
     }
 
+    /// Re-expresses an ordinary retained subtree in a new parent region.
+    /// An independently movable descendant needs only its own region changed;
+    /// its contents stay in that region's coordinate space.
+    fn remap_subtree(
+        &mut self,
+        id: WidgetId,
+        remap: RegionRemap,
+        parent_move: MoveIdx,
+        inherited_mask: MaskIdx,
+        rsc: &mut dyn UiRsc,
+    ) {
+        let active = self.active.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
+        if active.move_idx != parent_move {
+            let region = remap.apply(active.region);
+            active.region = region;
+            self.moves.set(active.move_idx, region);
+            return;
+        }
+        for handle in &active.primitives {
+            let region = self.layers[handle.layer].region_mut(handle);
+            *region = remap.apply(*region);
+        }
+        active.region = remap.apply(active.region);
+        let mask = active.mask;
+        let children = active.children.len();
+        if mask != inherited_mask && mask != MaskIdx::NONE {
+            let mask = rsc.ui_mut().masks.get_mut(mask);
+            debug_assert_eq!(mask.move_idx, parent_move);
+            mask.region = remap.apply(mask.region);
+        }
+        for index in 0..children {
+            let child = self.active[&id].children[index];
+            self.remap_subtree(child, remap, parent_move, mask, rsc);
+        }
+    }
+
     fn hints_agree(id: WidgetId, size: Size, rsc: &dyn UiRsc) -> bool {
         let Some(widget) = rsc.widgets().get_dyn(id) else {
             return true;
@@ -716,15 +757,15 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             return;
         }
         let region = active.region;
-        let slotted = active.move_idx != active.parent_move;
+        let region_node = active.parent.is_some() && rsc.widgets().is_region_node(id);
         let offered_px = self.offered_px(id);
         let at_offer = same_px(self.px_of(active.parent_move, region), offered_px);
         // Asked again where its parent asked: a box decided from its own
         // answer gives that answer back whatever the content now says. Only
-        // a placed widget can be drawn in a box other than the one it has,
+        // a region node can be redrawn away from its current box without
-        // so one that was not is a question for its parent.
+        // first involving the parent that chose that box.
         if let Some(parent) = active.parent
-            && !slotted
+            && !region_node
             && !at_offer
         {
             rsc.widgets_mut().needs_redraw.insert(id);
@@ -737,7 +778,7 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             parent: active.parent,
             depth: active.depth,
             parent_move: active.parent_move,
-            slotted,
+            region_node,
             mask: active.mask,
             offer: active.offer,
             offered_px,
@@ -762,8 +803,8 @@ impl UiRenderState {
             return;
         };
         if answer != was_answer {
-            // Left where it was asked: the parent lays out again, and places
+            // Left where it was asked: the parent lays out again and chooses
-            // it.
+            // its final box.
             #[cfg(feature = "layout-diagnostics")]
             {
                 diag::bump(Counter::SizeChanges);
@@ -775,9 +816,8 @@ impl UiRenderState {
         if at_offer {
             return;
         }
-        // Then where its parent placed it, which is the box that answer
+        // Then in the final box its parent chose from that answer. It is kept
-        // decided. Kept as it is if it holds there; otherwise what it comes
+        // if it holds there; otherwise its result is the parent's business.
-        // to there is the parent's business too.
         self.draw_inner(id, region, info, None, rsc);
         let active = &self.active[&id];
         if (active.size, active.holds) != was {
@@ -790,6 +830,51 @@ fn same_px(a: Vec2, b: Vec2) -> bool {
     Holds::at(a.x).contains(b.x) && Holds::at(a.y).contains(b.y)
 }
 
+/// A retained region rewritten from one parent box into another. A fixed
+/// source extent can be translated but cannot recover fractions for a resize.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct RegionRemap {
+    from: UiRegion,
+    to: UiRegion,
+}
+
+impl RegionRemap {
+    fn new(from: UiRegion, to: UiRegion) -> Option<Self> {
+        AXES.into_iter()
+            .all(|axis| {
+                let from = from.axis(axis);
+                from.start.rel != from.end.rel || from.len() == to.axis(axis).len()
+            })
+            .then_some(Self { from, to })
+    }
+
+    fn apply(self, region: UiRegion) -> UiRegion {
+        UiRegion {
+            x: self.apply_span(region.x, self.from.x, self.to.x),
+            y: self.apply_span(region.y, self.from.y, self.to.y),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn apply_span(self, span: UiSpan, from: UiSpan, to: UiSpan) -> UiSpan {
+        UiSpan {
+            start: self.apply_scalar(span.start, from, to),
+            end: self.apply_scalar(span.end, from, to),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn apply_scalar(self, scalar: UiScalar, from: UiSpan, to: UiSpan) -> UiScalar {
+        let extent = from.end.rel - from.start.rel;
+        if extent == 0.0 {
+            return scalar + to.start - from.start;
+        }
+        let fraction = (scalar.rel - from.start.rel) / extent;
+        let from_px = from.start.px + fraction * (from.end.px - from.start.px);
+        let to_rel = to.start.rel + fraction * (to.end.rel - to.start.rel);
+        let to_px = to.start.px + fraction * (to.end.px - to.start.px);
+        UiScalar::new(to_rel, scalar.px - from_px + to_px)
+    }
+}
+
 impl Default for UiRenderState {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self::new()

core/src/util/arena.rs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl<T, I: IdNum> Arena<T, I> {
         self.data[i]
     }
 
-    pub fn get_mut(&mut self, id: Id<I>) -> &mut T {
+    pub(crate) fn get_mut(&mut self, id: Id<I>) -> &mut T {
         &mut self.data[id.idx()]
     }
 }
@@ -75,6 +75,11 @@ impl<T, I: IdNum> TrackedArena<T, I> {
         self.refs[i.idx()] += 1;
     }
 
+    pub fn get_mut(&mut self, id: Id<I>) -> &mut T {
+        self.changed = true;
+        self.inner.get_mut(id)
+    }
+
     pub fn remove(&mut self, id: Id<I>) -> T
     where
         T: Copy,

core/src/widget/data.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use crate::Widget;
 pub struct WidgetData {
     pub widget: Box<dyn Widget>,
     pub label: String,
+    pub(super) region_node: bool,
     /// dynamic borrow checking
     pub borrowed: bool,
 }
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ impl WidgetData {
         Self {
             widget: Box::new(widget),
             label,
+            region_node: false,
             borrowed: false,
         }
     }

core/src/widget/widgets.rs

@@ -100,6 +100,24 @@ impl Widgets {
         self.data_mut(id.id()).unwrap().label = label;
     }
 
+    /// Whether this widget owns a movable retained region.
+    pub fn is_region_node(&self, id: impl IdLike) -> bool {
+        self.data(id).unwrap().region_node
+    }
+
+    /// Chooses whether this widget's retained drawing has one movable region
+    /// of its own. Changing the boundary redraws the subtree once so every
+    /// primitive names the right coordinate space.
+    pub fn set_region_node(&mut self, id: impl IdLike, region_node: bool) {
+        let id = id.id();
+        let data = self.data_mut(id).unwrap();
+        if data.region_node == region_node {
+            return;
+        }
+        data.region_node = region_node;
+        self.needs_redraw.insert(id);
+    }
+
     pub fn data_mut(&mut self, id: impl IdLike) -> Option<&mut WidgetData> {
         self.vec.get_mut(id.id())
     }

src/random.rs

@@ -100,14 +100,14 @@ impl Widget for Branch {
     fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
         let mut top = UiRegion::FULL;
         top.y.end = top.y.start.offset(40.0);
-        let measured = painter.place(&self.probe, top).len(Axis::X);
+        let measured = painter.widget_within(&self.probe, top).len(Axis::X);
         let px = measured.apply_leftover().to_px(painter.px_len(Axis::X));
 
         let mut below = UiRegion::FULL;
         below.y.start = below.y.start.offset(40.0);
         match px > self.threshold {
-            true => painter.place(&self.wide, below),
+            true => painter.widget_within(&self.wide, below),
-            false => painter.place(&self.narrow, below),
+            false => painter.widget_within(&self.narrow, below),
         };
         Size::LEFTOVER
     }

src/widget/position/align.rs

@@ -29,14 +29,15 @@ impl Widget for Aligned {
         // Drawn where it may be too big only when the aligned axes are not
         // already known, then given its aligned box once its size is known.
         let had_size = known.is_some();
-        let size = known.unwrap_or_else(|| painter.place(&self.inner, UiRegion::FULL).size());
+        let size =
+            known.unwrap_or_else(|| painter.widget_within(&self.inner, UiRegion::FULL).size());
         let region = match self.align.tuple() {
             (Some(x), Some(y)) => size.to_uivec2().align(RegionAlign { x, y }),
             (Some(x), None) => UiRegion::new(size.x.apply_leftover().align(x), UiSpan::FULL),
             (None, Some(y)) => UiRegion::new(UiSpan::FULL, size.y.apply_leftover().align(y)),
             (None, None) => UiRegion::FULL,
         };
-        let placed = painter.place(&self.inner, region).size();
+        let placed = painter.widget_within(&self.inner, region).size();
         if had_size { placed } else { size }
     }
 }

src/widget/position/scroll.rs

@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ impl Widget for Scroll {
     fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
         let container_len = painter.px_len(self.axis);
         // Draw in the whole container only when its scrolling-axis length is
-        // not already known, then place it at the scrolled offset.
+        // not already known, then draw it at the scrolled offset.
         let (answer_len, measured) = match painter.known_len(&self.inner, self.axis, UiRegion::FULL)
         {
             Some(len) => (len, None),
             None => {
-                let size = painter.place(&self.inner, UiRegion::FULL).size();
+                let size = painter.widget_within(&self.inner, UiRegion::FULL).size();
                 (size.axis(self.axis), Some(size))
             }
         };
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl Widget for Scroll {
 
         let mut region = UiRegion::FULL.offset(Vec2::from_axis(self.axis, -self.amt, 0.0));
         region.axis_mut(self.axis).end = region.axis(self.axis).start.offset(self.content_len);
-        let placed = painter.place(&self.inner, region).size();
+        let placed = painter.widget_within(&self.inner, region).size();
         measured.unwrap_or_else(|| Size::from_axis(self.axis, answer_len, placed.axis(!self.axis)))
     }
 }

src/widget/position/span.rs

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ pub struct Span {
 impl Widget for Span {
     fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
         let axis = self.dir.axis;
-        // A length for every child before any is placed: from its own hint
+        // A length for every child before their final boxes are chosen: from
-        // where it has one, and from drawing it where it does not.
+        // a hint where one exists, and from drawing otherwise.
         let mut cursor = UiScalar::rel_min();
         let mut lens = Vec::with_capacity(self.children.len());
         for child in &self.children {
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ impl Widget for Span {
             let region = UiRegion::from_axis(axis, span, UiSpan::FULL);
             let len = match painter.known_len(child, axis, region) {
                 Some(len) => len,
-                None => painter.place(child, region).len(axis),
+                None => painter.widget_within(child, region).len(axis),
             };
             cursor.px += len.px + self.gap;
             cursor.rel += len.rel;
@@ -47,24 +47,28 @@ impl Widget for Span {
         // beside 300 px is full at 600 and overfull at 400. The answer is
         // the same on either side of the length the fixed parts alone fill.
         let fixed = 1.0 - total.rel;
-        let shares = total.leftover > 0.0 && fixed * painter.px_len(axis) > total.px;
+        let mut shares = false;
         if total.leftover > 0.0 {
-            let range = if fixed > 0.0 {
+            let current = painter.px_len(axis);
+            let holds = if fixed > 0.0 {
                 let full = total.px / fixed;
+                shares = current > full;
                 match shares {
-                    true => full..=f32::INFINITY,
+                    true => Holds::exact(full.next_up()..=f32::INFINITY),
-                    false => f32::NEG_INFINITY..=full,
+                    false => Holds::exact(f32::NEG_INFINITY..=full),
                 }
             } else if fixed < 0.0 {
                 let full = total.px / fixed;
+                shares = current < full;
                 match shares {
-                    true => f32::NEG_INFINITY..=full,
+                    true => Holds::exact(f32::NEG_INFINITY..=full.next_down()),
-                    false => full..=f32::INFINITY,
+                    false => Holds::exact(full..=f32::INFINITY),
                 }
             } else {
-                f32::NEG_INFINITY..=f32::INFINITY
+                shares = total.px < 0.0;
+                Holds::ANY
             };
-            painter.holds(axis, range);
+            painter.holds(axis, holds);
         }
 
         let mut start = UiScalar::rel_min();
@@ -93,7 +97,7 @@ impl Widget for Span {
             if self.dir.sign == Sign::Neg {
                 region.flip(axis);
             }
-            let placed = painter.place(child, region);
+            let placed = painter.widget_within(child, region);
             if self.ortho == OrthoSize::Children {
                 let used = placed.len(!axis);
                 // Choosing between a fixed and a relative length from the

src/widget/trait_fns.rs

@@ -31,6 +31,14 @@ widget_trait! {
         }
     }
 
+    fn region_node(self) -> impl WidgetIdFn<Rsc, WL::Widget> {
+        |state| {
+            let id = self.add(state);
+            state.ui_mut().widgets.set_region_node(id, true);
+            id
+        }
+    }
+
     fn sized(self, size: impl Into<Size>) -> impl WidgetFn<Rsc, SetSize> {
         let size = size.into();
         move |state| SetSize {
@@ -85,7 +93,9 @@ widget_trait! {
 
     fn scrollable(self) -> impl WidgetIdFn<Rsc, Scroll> where Rsc: HasEvents {
         move |state| {
-            Scroll::new(self.add_strong(state), Axis::Y)
+            let inner = self.add(state);
+            state.ui_mut().widgets.set_region_node(inner, true);
+            Scroll::new(inner.upgrade(state), Axis::Y)
                 .on(CursorSense::Scroll, |ctx, rsc| {
                     let delta = ctx.data.scroll_delta.y * 50.0;
                     ctx.widget(rsc).scroll(delta);

tests/chain_cost.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-//! What the vertex shader's move-chain walk costs, against how deep the chain
+//! What the vertex shader's move-chain walk costs, against how many nested
-//! is. Every active widget owns a slot, so the depth a primitive resolves
+//! region nodes a primitive resolves through.
-//! through is its depth in the widget tree.
 //!
 //!     cargo test --release --test chain_cost -- --ignored --nocapture
 //!

tests/determinism.rs

@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ impl Widget for BranchesOnMeasurement {
     fn draw(&mut self, painter: &mut Painter) -> Size {
         let mut top = UiRegion::FULL;
         top.y.end = top.y.start.offset(40.0);
-        let measured = painter.place(&self.probe, top).len(Axis::X);
+        let measured = painter.widget_within(&self.probe, top).len(Axis::X);
         let px = measured.apply_leftover().to_px(painter.px_len(Axis::X));
 
         let mut below = UiRegion::FULL;
         below.y.start = below.y.start.offset(40.0);
         match px > self.threshold {
-            true => painter.place(&self.wide, below),
+            true => painter.widget_within(&self.wide, below),
-            false => painter.place(&self.narrow, below),
+            false => painter.widget_within(&self.narrow, below),
         };
         Size::LEFTOVER
     }

tests/generated.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 //! Random trees, checked against building the same tree cold.
 //!
-//! A frame reaches its layout by keeping most of the last one: slots
+//! A frame reaches its layout by keeping most of the last one: movable regions
-//! rewritten, some widgets drawn again, the rest untouched. The property here
+//! or primitive boxes rewritten, some widgets drawn again, the rest untouched.
-//! is that what comes out is the tree a cold start would have produced, so
+//! The result must be the tree a cold start would have produced, so anything
-//! anything the retained path carried over that it should not have shows up
+//! wrongly retained shows up as a difference in somebody's box.
-//! as a difference in somebody's box.
 //!
 //! `iris::random` grows the tree and `examples/random.rs` draws one. A seed is
 //! the whole reproduction; `a_long_run_of_seeds_agrees` is the ignored sweep
@@ -220,8 +219,8 @@ fn describe(id: WidgetId, h: &Harness) -> String {
 }
 
 /// Every widget in one tree against the matching widget in the other. A
-/// mismatch prints the widget's ancestry, marking the ones that own a slot,
+/// mismatch prints the widget's ancestry, marking region nodes, since where
-/// since where two trees disagree is rarely where the cause is.
+/// two trees disagree is rarely where the cause is.
 fn assert_same(seed: u64, what: &str, warm: (&Harness, &Tree), cold: (&Harness, &Tree)) {
     let ((wh, wt), (ch, ct)) = (warm, cold);
     assert_eq!(wt.ids.len(), ct.ids.len(), "seed {seed}: different trees");
@@ -243,11 +242,11 @@ fn assert_same(seed: u64, what: &str, warm: (&Harness, &Tree), cold: (&Harness,
             let mut at = Some(w);
             while let Some(id) = at {
                 let active = &wh.render.active[&id];
-                let slot = match active.move_idx == active.parent_move {
+                let node = match active.move_idx == active.parent_move {
                     true => "",
                     false => "*",
                 };
-                chain.push(format!("{}{slot}", describe(id, wh)));
+                chain.push(format!("{}{node}", describe(id, wh)));
                 at = active.parent;
             }
             println!(

tests/layout.rs

@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ fn a_resize_lands_where_a_cold_start_would() {
 #[test]
 fn a_fixed_box_is_drawn_again_rather_than_stretched() {
     let mut h = Harness::new((400, 400));
-    // The panel fills a stack sized by its sibling, so it is drawn in the
+    // The panel fills a stack sized by its sibling, so it is first asked in
-    // whole box and then placed in the shorter one. Reusing it in that fixed
+    // the whole box and then given the shorter one. Reusing it in that fixed
     // box afterwards would leave it whatever height it happened to have.
     let panel = rect(Color::BLUE).add(&mut h.rsc);
     let leaf = rect(Color::RED).height(100).add(&mut h.rsc);
@@ -142,15 +142,15 @@ fn a_moved_subtree_takes_its_children_with_it() {
     let mut h = Harness::new((400, 400));
     let first = rect(Color::RED).height(40).add(&mut h.rsc);
     let inner = rect(Color::BLUE).add(&mut h.rsc);
-    let row = inner.pad(10).height(40).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let row = inner.pad(10).height(40).region_node().add(&mut h.rsc);
     h.set_root((first, row).span(Dir::DOWN));
     assert_corners!(h, inner, (10, 50), (390, 70));
 
     h.rsc[first].y = Some(Len::px(80));
     h.frame();
 
-    // The row is the same shape somewhere else, so one slot moved it and
+    // The row opted into one movable region, so its descendants follow one
-    // `inner`'s own region was never rewritten.
+    // entry rather than having their primitive regions rewritten.
     assert_corners!(h, inner, (10, 90), (390, 110));
 }
 
@@ -202,21 +202,29 @@ fn a_box_with_a_fixed_length_can_be_stretched_on_its_other_axis() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn only_a_container_that_places_its_children_lengthens_the_chain() {
+fn only_a_region_node_lengthens_the_chain_and_it_can_be_removed() {
     let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));
     let leaf = rect(Color::BLUE).add(&mut h.rsc);
-    // Four widgets between the span and the leaf, none of which places what
-    // it draws, so all of them share the span's slot.
     let buried = leaf.pad(4).pad(4).pad(4).pad(4).add(&mut h.rsc);
     let bar = rect(Color::RED).width(100).add(&mut h.rsc);
     h.set_root((bar, buried).span(Dir::RIGHT));
 
-    let slot = h.render.active[&leaf.id()].parent_move;
+    let move_idx = h.render.active[&leaf.id()].parent_move;
+    assert_eq!(h.render.moves.depth(move_idx), 1, "only the root region");
+
+    h.rsc.widgets_mut().set_region_node(buried, true);
+    h.frame();
+    let move_idx = h.render.active[&leaf.id()].parent_move;
     assert_eq!(
-        h.render.moves.depth(slot),
+        h.render.moves.depth(move_idx),
         2,
-        "the span above the leaf, and the root the window is held in"
+        "the opted-in widget's region and the root region"
     );
+
+    h.rsc.widgets_mut().set_region_node(buried, false);
+    h.frame();
+    let move_idx = h.render.active[&leaf.id()].parent_move;
+    assert_eq!(h.render.moves.depth(move_idx), 1);
 }
 
 /// A span that sizes from its children passes their `leftover` weight up
@@ -412,3 +420,21 @@ fn only_a_pure_leftover_child_disappears_when_nothing_is_left() {
     // is leftover is omitted.
     assert_corners!(h, mixed, (100, 0), (120, 20));
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn leftover_children_disappear_at_the_exact_fixed_content_boundary() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((100, 100));
+    let first = rect(Color::RED).height(90).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let a = rect(Color::GREEN).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let b = rect(Color::BLUE).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let inner = (a, b).span(Dir::DOWN).gap(4).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root((first, inner).span(Dir::DOWN));
+    assert!(h.region(&a).is_some());
+    assert!(h.region(&b).is_some());
+
+    h.rsc[first].y = Some(Len::px(96.0));
+    h.frame();
+
+    assert!(h.region(&a).is_none());
+    assert!(h.region(&b).is_none());
+}

tests/layout_diagnostics.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ fn a_selected_widget_retains_its_layout_events() {
     diagnostics::clear_traced_widgets();
     let _ = diagnostics::take();
     let mut harness = Harness::new((400, 200));
-    let leaf = rect(Color::RED).add(&mut harness.rsc);
+    let leaf = rect(Color::RED).region_node().add(&mut harness.rsc);
     let other = rect(Color::BLUE).add(&mut harness.rsc);
     let root = (leaf, other).span(Dir::RIGHT).add(&mut harness.rsc);
     harness.set_root(root);
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ fn a_selected_widget_retains_its_layout_events() {
         report
             .traces()
             .iter()
-            .any(|event| matches!(event, TraceEvent::Placed { id, .. } if *id == leaf.id()))
+            .any(|event| matches!(event, TraceEvent::RegionNode { id, .. } if *id == leaf.id()))
     );
     assert!(
         report

tests/replace_cost.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! What re-placing a subtree costs per frame, as a load for a counter rather
+//! What remapping a subtree costs per frame, as a load for a counter rather
 //! than a check. A span of 200 fixed-height rows, five primitives each, with
 //! the row above them changing height every frame, so every row below is
 //! offered a box the same shape somewhere else.
@@ -6,9 +6,7 @@
 //!     cargo test --release --test replace_cost -- --ignored
 //!     perf stat -e instructions:u target/release/.../replace_cost-* --ignored
 //!
-//! Wall time is the wrong number here; see `draw_cost.rs`. Measured on
+//! Wall time is the wrong number here; see `draw_cost.rs`.
-//! 2026-09-14 at 1.98M instructions per frame, against 2.38M for rewriting
-//! each row's regions instead and 7.13M for redrawing them.
 
 use iris::harness::Harness;
 use iris::prelude::*;
@@ -18,7 +16,7 @@ const FRAMES: usize = 200;
 
 #[test]
 #[ignore = "measurement, not a check"]
-fn replacing_rows_every_frame() {
+fn remapping_rows_every_frame() {
     let mut h = Harness::new((1920, 1200));
     let first = rect(Color::RED).height(40).add(&mut h.rsc);
     let mut span = Span::empty(Dir::DOWN);

tests/retained.rs

@@ -111,6 +111,28 @@ fn a_leaf_that_ignores_its_box_is_not_drawn_again_when_the_box_changes() {
     assert_corners!(h, second, (150, 0), (400, 200));
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn moving_an_ordinary_subtree_remaps_its_mask() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));
+    let (first, _) = counted(&mut h, Size::from((100, 200)), false);
+    let inner = rect(Color::BLUE).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let masked = inner.masked().add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root((first, masked).span(Dir::RIGHT));
+
+    h.rsc[first].size = Size::from((150, 200));
+    h.frame();
+
+    let active = &h.render.active[&masked.id()];
+    assert_eq!(
+        h.rsc.ui().masks[active.mask.idx()].region,
+        UiRegion::new(
+            UiSpan::new(UiScalar::px(150.0), UiScalar::rel_max()),
+            UiSpan::FULL,
+        )
+    );
+    assert_corners!(h, inner, (150, 0), (400, 200));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn a_leaf_that_depends_on_its_box_is_drawn_again_when_the_box_changes() {
     let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));
@@ -121,7 +143,7 @@ fn a_leaf_that_depends_on_its_box_is_drawn_again_when_the_box_changes() {
     h.frame();
 
     // The preceding fixed child makes the remaining box this child's real
-    // box, so measuring it also draws it in its final place.
+    // box, so measuring it also draws it in its final box.
     assert_eq!(draws.get(), settled + 1);
     assert_corners!(h, second, (150, 0), (400, 200));
 }
@@ -132,7 +154,7 @@ fn a_span_child_that_declares_its_length_is_drawn_once() {
     let (told, told_draws) = counted(&mut h, Size::from((100, 200)), false);
     let (asked, asked_draws) = counted(&mut h, Size::from((100, 200)), true);
     // The span takes one child's length from its hint and has to draw the
-    // other to find out, so only the second is drawn before it is placed.
+    // other to find out, so only the second is drawn before its final box.
     let hinted = told.width(100).add(&mut h.rsc);
     h.set_root((hinted, asked).span(Dir::RIGHT));
 
@@ -140,7 +162,7 @@ fn a_span_child_that_declares_its_length_is_drawn_once() {
     assert_eq!(
         asked_draws.get(),
         2,
-        "drawn to be measured, then again to be placed"
+        "drawn to be measured, then again in its final box"
     );
 }
 
@@ -173,10 +195,10 @@ fn a_repaint_that_keeps_its_size_does_not_relay_out() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn a_placed_child_survives_the_next_frame() {
+fn a_span_child_survives_the_next_frame() {
     let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));
-    // Both children declare a length, so the span places them from their hints
+    // Both children declare a length, so the span chooses their boxes from
-    // rather than drawing them to find out.
+    // hints rather than drawing them to find out.
     let top = rect(Color::RED).height(80).add(&mut h.rsc);
     let bottom = rect(Color::BLUE).height(120).add(&mut h.rsc);
     h.set_root((top, bottom).span(Dir::DOWN));

tests/scroll.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,41 @@
 use iris::harness::{Harness, assert_corners};
 use iris::prelude::*;
 
+#[test]
+fn scrollable_enables_a_region_node_but_raw_scroll_does_not() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((100, 100));
+    let default_child = ().add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let _default = default_child.scrollable().add(&mut h.rsc);
+    assert!(h.rsc.widgets().is_region_node(default_child));
+    h.rsc.widgets_mut().set_region_node(default_child, false);
+    assert!(!h.rsc.widgets().is_region_node(default_child));
+
+    let raw_child = ().add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let _raw = Scroll::new(raw_child.add_strong(&mut h.rsc), Axis::Y).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    assert!(!h.rsc.widgets().is_region_node(raw_child));
+
+    let explicit = ().region_node().add(&mut h.rsc);
+    assert!(h.rsc.widgets().is_region_node(explicit));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_scrollable_child_can_drop_its_region_node() {
+    let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));
+    let top = rect(Color::RED).height(200).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let bottom = rect(Color::BLUE).height(200).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    let content = (top, bottom).span(Dir::DOWN).add(&mut h.rsc);
+    h.set_root(content.scrollable());
+    h.rsc.widgets_mut().set_region_node(content, false);
+    h.frame();
+
+    h.move_to((200, 100));
+    h.scroll((0, 1));
+    h.frame();
+
+    assert!(!h.rsc.widgets().is_region_node(content));
+    assert_corners!(h, top, (0, -150), (400, 50));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn a_wheel_scrolls_the_content_and_stops_at_its_end() {
     let mut h = Harness::new((400, 200));

tests/trace_unsettled.rs

@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ fn dump(label: &str, report: &diag::Report, text: WidgetId) {
             TraceEvent::SizeRead { id, reader, size } if *id == text => {
                 println!("  size read by {reader:?}: {size}")
             }
-            TraceEvent::Placed { id, parent, region } if *id == text => {
+            TraceEvent::RegionNode { id, parent, region } if *id == text => {
-                println!("  placed by {parent:?} at {region:?}")
+                println!("  region node under {parent:?} at {region:?}")
             }
             TraceEvent::Reuse { id, outcome } if *id == text => println!("  reuse: {outcome:?}"),
             _ => {}

tests/unsettled.rs

@@ -216,8 +216,8 @@ fn swapping_two_children_lands_where_growing_them_that_way_does() {
 
 /// Eight widgets, shrunk from 80. The scroll decides how wide to make its
 /// content from what the content says, and hands that box down through a
-/// pass-through; the span under it was placed once, in that box, so nothing
+/// pass-through; the span under it was given that box once, so nothing at its
-/// at its own edge says the box was its own answer.
+/// own edge says the box was its own answer.
 fn plant_scrolled(h: &mut Harness, swapped: bool) -> (Vec<WidgetId>, [WeakWidget<Span>; 2]) {
     let words = "Wrapping shapes one source into as many lines as the box leaves room for,";
     let text = wtext(words).size(16).wrap(true).add(&mut h.rsc);
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ fn plant_scrolled(h: &mut Harness, swapped: bool) -> (Vec<WidgetId>, [WeakWidget
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn a_span_placed_once_in_a_box_its_answer_decided() {
+fn a_span_given_the_box_its_answer_decided_matches_a_cold_layout() {
     let mut warm = Harness::new((640, 900));
     let (ids, spans) = plant_scrolled(&mut warm, false);
     warm.frame();